Gender confirmation opération ndi ambulera yomasulira opaleshoni iliyonse yomwe anthu osagwirizana ndi amuna kapena akazi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kugonana amagwiritsa ntchito kugwirizanitsa matupi awo ku chikhalidwe chawo. Kugonana kwa amuna ndi akazi kumadziwikanso ndi maina ena kuphatikizapo opaleshoni ya kugonana , kugwirizanitsa amuna ndi akazi, komanso opaleshoni yomasulira.
Ngakhale opaleshoni yowonongeka kwa amuna ndi abambo ndi kusintha kwa kugonana ndizodziwika bwino, sizinthu zomwe anthu ambiri ammudzi amakonda.
Chifukwa chiyani? Kuchita opaleshoni yowonongeka pakati pa amuna ndi akazi kumatanthauza kuti opaleshoniyo ikusintha mwamuna kapena mkazi, pamene ikugwirizanitsa thupi ndi mwamuna. Kuchita opaleshoni yokhudzana ndi kugonana sikungokhala ngati nthawi, ndipo imabwera ndi mbiri yovuta. Komabe, mawu onsewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana.
Kufikira ndi Kukhudzidwa pa Kuchitidwa Opaleshoni kwa Amuna
Osati onse transgender, osati amabina, ndi amuna ogonana amuna ndi akazi omwe akufuna opaleshoni kuti agwirizanitse matupi awo ku chikhalidwe chawo. Anthu ena amakhala okhutira ndi zosankha zamagulu kapena zamankhwala. Ena amafuna opaleshoni imodzi kapena yowonjezera , koma akhoza kapena sangathe kuwapeza. Kufufuza kwakukulu kwa dziko lonse kwa anthu ophwanya malamulo kunapeza kuti:
- Azimayi 55 peresenti ya akazi a transgender anali kapena ankafuna neovaginoplasty (kulengedwa kwa akazi)
- Azimayi 44 peresenti ya amayi a transgender anali kapena ankafuna kuwonjezera mawere
- Azimayi 45 peresenti ya akazi a transgender anali kapena ankafuna kuti akazi aziwonekera
- 33 peresenti ya akazi a transgender anali ndi kapena ankafuna kumeta ndekha
- 49 peresenti ya akazi a transgender anali kapena ankafuna orchiectomy (kuchotsedwa kwa mayeso)
- 22 peresenti ya amuna a transgender anali kapena ankafuna phalloplasty (kulenga mbolo)
- 27 peresenti ya amuna a transgender anali kapena ankafuna metoidoplasty / metaidoioplasty (opaleshoni kusintha kusintha kwa clitoris kwa wina yemwe amatsanzira malo a mbolo)
- Amuna 97 peresenti ya amuna a transgender anali ndi kapena akufuna chifuwa chokonzekera kapena kugonana
- Azimayi 71 mwa anthu a transgender anali kapena ankafuna hysterectomy
Ndalama ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zomwe anthu ali ndi mwayi wokwanira opaleshoni yolandirira amayi. Zakale, njirazi sizinapangidwe ndi makampani ambiri a inshuwalansi kapena apadera . Mwamwayi, izo zikusintha. Pakalipano pali makampani ambiri a inshuwalansi pagulu ndi apadera omwe amapanga zina, kapena zonse, njira zothandizira zovomerezeka za abambo. Mwamwayi, kufalitsa nthawi zambiri kumadza ndi makoswe ambiri kuti adzalumphira odwala omwe ali ndi chidwi. Sizimapezanso kwa anthu onse m'mayiko onse.
Chinthu china chachikulu chomwe chimachepetsa kupeza mwayi wopaleshoni ndi nambala yaing'ono ya madokotala omwe aphunzitsidwa kuchita opaleshoniyi. Madokotala awa, makamaka omwe akudziŵa bwino kwambiri, amachotsedwa kwa miyezi kapena zaka pasadakhale. Kuphatikizanso, ambiri a iwo samatenga inshuwalansi. Mwamwayi, monga chithandizo cha inshuwalansi chifukwa cha kuchitidwa opaleshoni ya amayi kuwonjezeka, kotero ali ndi dokotala chidwi pa maphunziro. Panopa pali ophunzirira a chipatala chimodzi omwe amaphunzitsa anthu kuti azichita neovaginoplasty. Ngakhale zili bwino, akulandira inshuwalansi kuti azilipira.
Pamapeto pake, pali mbiri yakale ya tsankho komanso kusokoneza odwala odwala kuti asamalire.
Makampani A inshuwalansi ndi Malamulo a WPATH a Care
Pali opaleshoni zosiyanasiyana zomwe anthu angafune kuti azigwirizana ndi amuna kapena akazi. Pali malangizo enieni othandizira opaleshoni iliyonse. Komabe, monga lamulo, ambiri a inshuwalansi akutembenukira ku WPATH Malamulo a Chisamaliro monga malangizo kuti atsimikizidwe kuti akuyenera kulandira opaleshoni.
WPATH ndichidule cha World Professional Association for Transgender Health. Wodziwika bwino monga Harry Benjamin Society, WPATH sichikutsutsana.
Zakale, miyezo ya WPATH yalimbikitsanso zomwe anthu ambiri ammudzi amazitcha kuti zitseko . Kuonetsetsa kuti polojekiti ikuyimira imaphatikizapo kuti anthu ochimwa azikhala ndi mankhwala ochuluka komanso / kapena matenda a maganizo asanavomerezedwe kusintha mwachipatala. Izi zikuwoneka ngati ogwira ntchito zaumoyo monga osunga chipata omwe akufunikira kuti atsegule mwayi wosamalira.
Ogwira ntchito, ochita kafukufuku, ndi anthu ammudzi adanena mosapita m'mbali kuti kufufuza uku sikofunikira kwa opaleshoni ina yayikulu. Mwachitsanzo, anthu safunikila kupeza uphungu musanafike pochita opaleshoni ina ya pulasitiki. Zomwe zili choncho, pali mafunso ovomerezeka ngati zotsatilazi zikuwonetsa tsankho kwa anthu osamvera m'malo moyenera.
Mosasamala kaya miyezo ya WPATH yothandizira ndi yabwino, ndiyo malangizo omwe mabungwe ambiri amatsatira. Ndipotu, ndizo zokhazo zowonongeka zomwe zimavomerezedwa ndi anthu a zachipatala ndi a inshuwalansi. Mwamwayi, WATH amawongolera opaleshoni yawo ndi malangizo a chithandizo kwa zaka zisanu kapena khumi. Kawirikawiri, miyezo iyi ya chisamaliro yakhala yocheperapo nthawi. Izi zikusonyeza kuzindikira kochuluka kwa kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi pakati pa anthu. Zomwe zili pansipa zimachokera pa ndondomeko ya 7 ya miyezo ya chisamaliro, yofalitsidwa mu 2011.
Zindikirani: Ena a inshuwalansi akhoza kukhala ndi zofunikira zowunikira zosiyana. Kwa iwo omwe ali okonzeka kufotokozera koma alibe ndondomeko pamalo, akuvomereza kuti kampani iwonetsetse miyezo ya WPATH yosamalira ingakhale malo abwino oti muyambe. Kumbukirani kuti ndondomeko za chisamaliro ndizo zitsogozo-zomwe zimatsimikizira momveka bwino kuti kusintha ndondomeko malinga ndi mkhalidwe.
Miyezo ya Kusamalira Chifuwa Kubwezeretsedwa (Transmasculine) kapena Kupatsirana kwa M'thupi (Transfeminine)
- Kulimbikira, kutchulidwa bwino za matenda a dysphoria
- Kukhoza kupanga chisankho chodziwika ndi kuvomereza chithandizo
- Zinthu zilizonse zamankhwala kapena zamaganizo ziyenera kukhala "zoyenera bwino."
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti mankhwala a ma hormone sakufunidwa pa opaleshoni iyi, yomwe imatchedwa "opaleshoni yapamwamba". Chaka cha mahomoni chilimbikitsidwa kwa abambo a transgender, popeza izi zimawathandiza kuti athe kupeza kukula kwa ubereki popanda opaleshoni. Izi, komanso, zimapangitsa zotsatira za opaleshoni.
Kwa amuna ochimwa, palibe chofunika cha mahomoni kapena malangizowo. Izi ndi chifukwa pali anthu ambiri otchedwa Transmasculine omwe amangozizira zifuwa zawo. Ndi chifukwa chakuti pali zifukwa zingapo, zonse zakuthupi ndi zamaganizo, chifukwa chake anthu amasankha opaleshoni yaikulu popanda ntchito ya mahomoni.
Miyezo Yothandiza Orchiectomy, Hysterectomy, ndi Ovariectomy
- Kulimbikira, kutchulidwa bwino za matenda a dysphoria
- Kukhoza kupanga chisankho chodziwika ndi kuvomereza chithandizo
- Zinthu zilizonse zamankhwala kapena zamaganizo za umoyo ziyenera kukhala "zoyendetsedwa bwino."
- Miyezi 12 yosapitirira ya mankhwala oyenera a hormone, pokhapokha pali zifukwa zomwe wodwala sangathe kapena sangatenge mahomoni. Cholinga cha chitsogozo ichi ndi chakuti odwala akhoze kusintha kusintha kwa ma hormone asanalandire zinthu zosasinthika.
Kuchita opaleshoni kuchotsa gonads (mayesero, mazira ndi mazira) ndipo chiberekero chikhoza kuchitidwa paokha, kuphatikizapo ma opaleshoni ena ovomerezeka ndi amayi. Kuchotsa gonads wokhayo kuli ndi phindu lochepetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala opatsirana pogonana omwe amafunikira kuti apeze zotsatira.
Kuchotsa chiberekero ndi / kapena chiberekero kumachotsa kufunika kwa kuyang'ana kwa ziwalo zimenezo. Kuyezetsa machitidwewa kumayambitsa matenda osokoneza bongo komanso osabvuta kwa amuna ambiri ochimwa.
Miyezo Yothandiza Neovaginoplasty, Phalloplasty, kapena Metoidoplasty / Metaidoioplasty
- Kulimbikira, kutchulidwa bwino za matenda a dysphoria
- Kukhoza kupanga chisankho chodziwika ndi kuvomereza chithandizo
- Zinthu zilizonse zamankhwala kapena zamaganizo za umoyo ziyenera kukhala "zoyendetsedwa bwino."
- Miyezi 12 yopitirira ya mankhwala oyenera a hormone, pokhapokha pali zifukwa zomwe wodwala sangathe kapena sangatenge mahomoni
- 12 miyezi yonse yopitiliza kukhala ndi udindo wa amuna omwe ali ogwirizana ndi amuna awo
Gulu ili la opaleshoni limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chiwalo chovomerezeka ndi chidziwitso cha mwamuna kapena mkazi. Chofunika kwa chaka chokhala ndi maudindo a amuna ndi akazi chifukwa chakuti madokotala ambiri amakhulupirira kuti ndiyo nthawi yokwanira kuti anthu asinthe mbali yawo yofuna kugonana asanayambe opaleshoni yomwe ndi yovuta, yokwera mtengo, komanso yosasinthika.
Chifukwa cha kuchitidwa kwa opaleshoni, thupi limalimbikitsidwa kwambiri kuti odwala omwe amawaganizira amawachezera nthawi zonse ndi akatswiri a zamaganizo kapena zachipatala. Pambuyo pochita opaleshoniyi imakhala yovuta kwambiri komanso yovuta. Izi ndizofunika kwambiri kwa amayi ochimwa omwe ali ndi mbiri yachisokonezo cha kugonana, omwe kuchepetsa kugonana kungafune thandizo lalikulu. Kuwongolera nthawi zonse kumafunika mutatha kupanga neovagina kupeŵa mavuto.
Miyezo ya Kusamalira Opaleshoni Yopenyetsa Women
Palibe njira zoyenera zothandizira opaleshoni ya m'mimba. Zakale zakhala zovuta kuti njirayi iwonongeke ndi inshuwalansi, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa kafukufuku phindu. Komabe, anthu ena amatha kuziphimba bwino pokangana kuti ndizofunikira monga mankhwala monga opaleshoni ya m'mimba komanso amakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa moyo.
Kumvetsetsa Malemba Ofunidwa ndi Malamulo a Care
Kuwonetsa kuti munthu "akulimbikira, ndipo akufotokoza bwino kuti matendawa ali ndi vutoli" kawirikawiri amafuna kalata yochokera kwa wodwala matenda a maganizo omwe amanena kuti munthuyo amakwaniritsa zogonana za dysphoria ndi kutalika kwa nthawi zomwe zakhala zoona. Kalatayi imakhalanso ndi mbiri ya mbiri ya wodwalayo-mu tsatanetsatane wazinthu. Kuwonjezera apo, kalata iyenera kunena momwe wothandizira wagwira ntchito ndi wodwalayo nthawi yayitali.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti miyezo ina imafuna mavuto azachipatala ndi aumaganizo kuti aziyendetsedwa bwino, pamene ena amafuna kuti iwo azisamalidwa bwino. Zolemba za izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ngati kalata yochokera kwa wothandizirayo. Kalata iyi iyenera kukhala ndi mbiri yokhudza mbiri ya mkhalidwe, mmene matenda akugwiritsidwira ntchito, komanso dokotala wakhala akugwira ntchito ndi wodwalayo kwa nthawi yaitali bwanji. Momwemonso, mawu akuti "olamulidwa bwino" kapena "oyenera bwino" ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu kalata, ngati n'koyenera. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala ophweka kwa operekera ndi makampani a inshuwalansi kudziwa kuti zikhalidwe zazomwe zasamalidwa zakumana nazo.
Zindikirani, mikhalidwe ya thanzi sizotsutsana ndi zovomerezeka za kugonana. Ndipotu, njirazi zingathandize kuthetsa zizindikiro mwa anthu ambiri osakhulupirika komanso ena omwe ali ndi matenda a dysphoria. Izi si zoona zokha chifukwa cha nkhawa ndi kupsinjika maganizo koma pazovuta kwambiri monga psychosis.
Mawu Ochokera
Kupeza chithandizo cha inshuwalansi chifukwa cha kuchitidwa opaleshoni ya amuna kungakhale chinthu chokhumudwitsa. Zingakuthandizeni kukonzekera ndi kapangidwe ka malangizo a WPATH ndi mapepala onse ofunikira othandizira zolinga zanu. Izi ndizoona ngati zikuphatikizapo opaleshoni zina osati zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa.
Kuonjezerapo, zingakhale bwino kuti mupite kuchipatala cha LGBT, ngati muli nacho, kuti muthandizidwe. Malo ambiri azaumoyo tsopano akugwiritsira ntchito transgender odwala panyanja omwe ali ndi zambiri zokhudzana ndi inshuwalansi. Iwo akhoza kukhala othandiza kwambiri, monga momwe angathandizire antchito othandizira ku ofesi ya dokotala wanu-ngati ali nawo. Pomalizira, mabungwe amtundu wa LGBTQ amalowa nthawi zambiri amatha kupeza maulendo othandizira kapena maola omwe anthu angapeze chidziwitso.
> Zotsatira:
> Ainsworth TA, Spiegel JH. Umoyo wa anthu omwe ali ndi opaleshoni ya ubongo kapena nkhope ya opaleshoni. Qual Life Res. 2010 Sep; 19 (7): 1019-24. lembani: 10.1007 / s11136-010-9668-7.
> James, SE, Herman, JL, Rankin, S., Keisling, M., Mottet, L., & Anafi, M. (2016). Lipoti la 2015 Transgender Survey ya US. Washington, DC: Padziko Lonse la Transgender Equality.
> Meijer JH, Eeckhout GM, van Vlerken RH, de Vries AL. Gender Dysphoria ndi Co-Psychosis Yomwe Akupezeka: Kukambitsirana ndi Zitsanzo Zinayi za Zotsatira za Chithandizo Chogonana Chogonana. Matenda a LGBT. 2017 Apr; 4 (2): 106-114. lembani: 10.1089 / lgbt.2016.0133.
> World Professional Assocation kwa Transgender Health (2011). Miyezo ya Kusamalira Thanzi la Transsexual, Transgender, ndi Anthu Osagwirizanitsa Amuna. Baibulo la 7. www.wpath.org