Zosiyana za HPV Stins Chifukwa Zimasiyana Zizindikiro
Papillomavirus yaumunthu (HPV) yakhala yotchuka kwambiri pazofalitsa zofalitsa nkhani kuyambira chipani cha FDA chovomerezedwa ndi Gardasil, choyamba pa katemera katatu wa HPV. Mwinamwake mwamva kuti HPV ndi yofala kwambiri ndipo mwina akhoza kudandaula ngati mungatenge kachilomboka. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mukhoza kumva kumva nkhawa kuti kachilombo ka HIV kangayambitse khansa ya chiberekero ndi ziwalo zoberekera.
Kodi pali zizindikiro kapena zizindikiro zomwe muyenera kuziyang'ana? Zambiri mwa chisokonezochi ndikumvetsa mavuto osiyanasiyana a HPV. Tiyeni tifotokoze zina mwa chisokonezo ndikuyang'ana zomwe tikudziwa zokhudza kachilomboka kotero kuti mutha kukhala wothandizira pazinthu za umoyo wanu.
Matenda Osiyana a Papillomavirus (HPV)
Pali malingaliro akuti ali ndi mavuto oposa 100 a kachilombo ka HPV. Mavitamini pafupifupi 30wa amadziwika kuti amachititsa kuti amuna ndi akazi azikhala ochepa koma azichita mwanjira zosiyanasiyana. Sizinthu zonse zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi khansa ya pachibelekero. Matenda a HPV omwe amachititsa anthu aphatikizidwa m'magulu awiri malinga ndi momwe amawonera kuti ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu kapena choopsa.
- Mavuto Ochepa: Mitsempha yomwe imatchulidwa kuti "yoopsa" imagwirizanitsa ndi ziwalo zoberekera komanso zosavomerezeka zomwe zimapezeka pamap smears. Matenda otsika kwambiri samayambitsa khansara ya chiberekero ndipo amawoneka ngati "zovuta zosadziwika." HPV 6 ndi HPV 11 ndizovuta kwambiri ndipo zimayambitsa pafupifupi 90 peresenti ya zida zogonana. Matenda omwe amabweretsa ziwalo za m'mimba ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kansa ya pachibelekero ndizosiyana. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ngati mwakhala ndi zida zogonana musadandaule kuti kachilombo komweko kangayambitse khansara ya chiberekero.
- Mphungu zapamwamba: Mitsempha ya HPV yomwe imatchulidwa kuti "pangozi yaikulu" imagwirizanitsa ndi zosavuta ndi zoopsa za chiberekero zomwe zimapezeka pa mapepala a Pap ndipo ndizovuta zomwe zingachititse khansa ya pachibelekero. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, awa ndi "mitsempha yowonjezereka" ya HPV. Matenda omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi khansa ndi HPV 16 ndi 18 (omwe amachititsa 70 peresenti ya khansa yapachibelekero) komanso HPV 31, 33, 35, 45, 52, 58, ndi 59. Nthawi zambiri, nthawi yayitali ndi chiberekero amasintha kuchokera ku dysplasia wofatsa kupita ku khola la dysplasia komanso pamapeto pake khansa. Izi zikunena kuti khansara ya chiberekero nthawi zina imachitika patapita nthawi yochepa. Nthawi zambiri, zovuta zapamtunda zingayambitse zilonda zapachiwerewere zomwe zimatha kukhala ndi matenda osokoneza bongo mkati mwawo. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti HPV ikhoza kutsogolera khansa ya pachibelekero koma imakhala ndi khansa ya penile, khansara ya ana, khansa ya mutu ndi khosi (yomwe imayambitsa matenda awiri) komanso mwina khansa ya m'mapapo .
Kuchita chiwerewere chowopsa kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti mutha kukhala ndi vuto loopsa la HPV.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti mungathe kukhala ndi kachilombo ka HPV, ndipo zifukwa zomwe zimapangitsa munthu kukhala ndi vuto limodzi (kapena kulimbikitsa matenda ena opatsirana pogonana) zingayambitse matenda ena.
Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti kwa anthu ambiri, matenda opatsirana pogonana a HPV omwe amawopsa komanso otsika kwambiri amawonekera popanda chithandizo chamankhwala. Sitikudziwa chifukwa chake HPV imapitirizabe mwa anthu ena m'malo mwa ena. Tikudziwa kuti zifukwa zomwe zimawopsyeza chitetezo cha mthupi komanso kusuta zingapangitse izi kukhala zovuta.
Zizindikiro za HPV
Poyang'ana zizindikiro za HPV ndikofunika kuzisiya izi mu zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi matenda a chiberekero ndi zizindikiro za matenda a khansa ya pachibelewere. Nthawi zambiri munthu sangakhale ndi zizindikiro ngati ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
Zisonyezero za zida zokhudzana ndi kugonana kwa HPV: Matenda a HPV omwe amadziwika kuti amayambitsa ziwalo zogonana mu khansa ya amuna ndi akazi akhoza kapena sangapangitse kupanga mapulaneti. Akamatero, kukula kwa mbewu za kolifulawa (zonse zazikulu komanso zochepa kwambiri) zimatha kuonekera mkati ndi kuzungulira ziwalo zazing'ono ndi madera ozungulira.
Maonekedwe a zida amatha msanga, kapena m'malo mwake mutatha zaka zambiri mutatha kutenga kachirombo ka HIV, momwemonso maonekedwe a nkhonya si njira yabwino yodziwira ngati muli ndi kachilombo kapena ayi.
Zizindikiro za khansa ya chiberekero yogonana ndi khansa: Kumayambiriro koyambirira, matenda opatsirana khansa a HPV samabala zizindikiro. Pachifukwa ichi, kutsata ndondomeko zowonjezereka za Pap smears ndizofunikira. Mapuloteni a Pap akhoza kawirikawiri (koma osati nthawi zonse) kuti azindikire kusintha kwachiberekero koyambitsa matenda a HPV kwa nthawi yayitali asanayambe khansa. Zizindikiro zambiri za khansara ya chiberekero zimakhala ndi magazi osapitirira malire (magazi pakati pa nthawi, atagonana, kapena atatha kusamba), kupweteka kwapakhosi, ndi kumaliseche kwa amayi.
Popeza pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zingayambitse zizindikirozi - zambiri zomwe zimakhala zofala kuposa khansara ya chiberekero, palibe njira yowonetsera zizindikiro. Kawirikawiri mapepala a Pap ndikumayankhula ndi dokotala za zizindikiro zirizonse zomwe zimakukhudzani kuti ndizofunikira kuti muzindikire kusintha koyambirira.
Kuzindikira HPV mwa Akazi
Kwa amayi, kafukufuku wamapisozi ndi Pap smear ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yodziwira matenda a HPV. Panthawi yoyezetsa magazi, dokotala wanu angayang'ane zogonana zanu kuti zikhale zizindikiro zogonana. Ngati zida zogonana zimapezeka, adzalongosola momwe mungapezere mankhwala. Ngati muli ndi zida zogonana, chonde kumbukirani kuti vuto la HPV limene limayambitsa mapulaneti (kupatulapo mapulaneti oopsa) si vuto lomwe lingayambitse khansa ya pachibelekero. Kawirikawiri mapiritsi a Pap omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri amazindikira kuti matenda a HPV omwe amawopsa kwambiri angayambe khansa ya pachibelekero.
Malingana ndi msinkhu wanu, mayeso a HPV amatha kuchitanso. Zotsatira zamakono zimanena kuti amayi opitirira zaka makumi atatu ndi atatu ayenera kuperekedwa kuyezetsa HPV nthawi zonse pamodzi ndi mapepala awo a Pap. Osati madokotala onse amachita izi pokhapokha, ndipo mwina mungafunse kuti ayesedwe. Kwa amayi osapitirira zaka 30, mayeso a HPV angakonzedwenso ngati mapulogalamu anu a Pap smear ndi achilendo. Mofanana ndi amayi opitirira zaka makumi atatu, nkofunika kuti mukhale woyimilira nokha ndikupempha kuyesa ngati mukuwona kuti mukufunikira. Madokotala amasiyana kwambiri ndi njira zawo pankhaniyi.
Kuzindikira HPV mwa Amuna
Mwatsoka kwa amuna, palibe kuyezetsa kuchipatala komwe kungathe kudziwa ngati muli ndi HIV. Dokotala akhoza kuyang'anitsitsa maonekedwe a ziwalo zogonana kuti akhalepo, koma kachilomboka sikumayambitsa matenda omwe amachititsa khansa monga khansa ya pachibelekero, khansara ya penile, ndi zina zambiri. Nkosavuta kuti amuna azikhala ndi zizindikiro zilizonse ngati ali ndi matenda a khansa ya HPV. Ichi ndi chifukwa chimodzi, kwa iwo omwe ali pachibwenzi, samalirani ngakhale ngati wokondedwa wanu ali ndi mayeso oipa kwa matenda opatsirana pogonana. Tilibe njira iliyonse yabwino yoyesera kukhalapo kwa HPV kwa amuna nthawi ino.
Katemera wa HPV ndi Mavuto Amene Amaphimba
Mu 2018 palinso ma katemera atatu a HPV omwe alipo. Izi zimasiyana m'magawo enieni a HPV omwe amaphimba. Anthu ena amakonda katemera wina, koma makampani a inshuwalansi a zaumoyo amapereka chithandizo chimodzi kapena ziwiri. Katemera wamakono ndi awa:
- Gardasil. Gardasil inavomerezedwa mu 2006 ngati chithandizo choyamba cha HPV. Zili zothandiza polimbana ndi HPV 6, 11, 16, ndi 18. Popeza kuphatikiza kwa HPV 16 ndi 18 ndi omwe amachititsa 70 peresenti ya khansa ya pachibelekero, katemerawa ayenera kuteteza 70 peresenti ya khansa ya pachibelekero. HPV 6 ndi HPV 11 zimapangitsa 90 peresenti ya zida zogonana, choncho katemera ayenera kupewa 90 peresenti ya nkhondo zoterezi.
- Cervarix : Cervarix inavomerezedwa mu 2009 ndipo imateteza HPV 16 ndi HPV 18. Mofanana ndi Gardisil, popeza HPV 16 ndi 18 amaganiza kuti amapanga 70 peresenti ya khansa ya pachibelekero, katemerayu ayenera kuteteza 70 peresenti ya khansa iyi. Matenda a HPV omwe amachititsa mavitamini ambiri amtunduwu sapezeka mu katemera uwu, kotero zimapereka chitetezo chochepa pazitsulo za m'mimba.
- Gardasil 9: Yavomerezedwa mu 2014, Gardisil 9 ikuwonjezera kufotokoza, ndipo imayesedwa yotsutsana ndi HPV 6, 11, 16, 31, 33, 45, 52, ndi 58. Monga katemera wina, Gardasil 9 ayenera kuteteza 70% khansa ya chiberekero koma mwinamwake imatetezera zambiri chifukwa chopereka chitetezo ku zovuta za mtundu wa 31, 33, 45, 52, ndi 58. Iyenso imateteze motsutsana ndi mabala ambiri a chiberekero omwe amabweretsa mavuto.
Chithandizo cha HPV
Chithandizo cha HPV chidzadalira zizindikiro ndi matenda a kachilomboka. Pali njira zamankhwala zothandizira zogonana. Malinga ndi chithandizo cha matenda opatsirana ndi khansa a HPV, mankhwala enieniwo adzadalira zovuta zomwe zimapezeka pa mapepala a Pap .
Pokhapokha ngati mwachibadwa ndi osadziwika ndipo akuganiza kuti ndi chifukwa cha HPV, mapepala a Pap angapangidwe mobwerezabwereza. Ngati pali vuto linalake, colposcopy ikulimbikitsidwa. Pa colposcopy, chiberekero cha chiberekero chikhoza kuchitika kuti tiyang'ane maselo omwe akudetsa nkhaŵa. Njira zinanso, monga cone biopsy zingaganizidwe ngati zina zowonjezereka zimapezeka. Ngati maselo a khansa amapezeka, njira zamankhwala zimachokera kumasewera am'derali kuti azichita ma hysterectomy.
Ngakhale mankhwala oletsa tizilombo amakhalapo chifukwa cha matenda ena monga chiwindi, nkhuku, ndi HIV, panopa tilibe mankhwala oletsa tizilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse pofuna kuchiza HPV. Pachifukwachi, cholinga cha chithandizo ndi kuwunika anthu chifukwa cha zovuta za kachirombo ka HIV monga vuto lachiberekero, khansara ya chiberekero, ndi ziwalo zogonana, ndi kuwachitira ngati ziyenera kuchitika.
Pansi pa Zovuta ndi Zizindikiro za HPV
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya HPV ndipo izi ndizomwe zimayambitsa chisokonezo. Nyuzipepala zimafalitsa anthu kuti pafupifupi onse ali ndi kachilombo, koma osati onse, kapena ambiri, matendawa amachititsa zizindikiro za matenda. Matenda ena amatha kuyambitsa ziwalo zogonana, zomwe zilipo mankhwala ambiri. Chodetsa nkhaŵa chachikulu ndi chakuti matenda ena angapangitse khansa ya pachibelekero. Kupeza mapepala a Pap ndi mndandanda wothandizira kupewa matenda a HPV omwe amachititsa kuti matenda a khansa asapangitse zizindikiro zomwe zingayambitse kuzindikira. M'malo mwake, mapulogalamu a Pap ndi ma HPV angathe kutsogolera anthu kuti apange njira monga colposcopy kuti afotokoze vutoli. Pakalipano, tilibe chithandizo chamankhwala chomwe chili ndi cholinga chochotseratu kachilombo ka HIV, ngakhale kuti tili ndi katemera omwe angateteze matenda ambiri, ndipo chifukwa chake, mavuto omwe amachititsa.
> Zotsatira:
> Zolinga za Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Mapepala Othandizira Ophunzira a HPV. Kusinthidwa 11/16/17. https://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/stdfact-hpv.htm
> McNamara, M., Batur, P., Walsh, J., ndi K. Johnson. Pulogalamu ya HPV: Katemera, Kuyeza, ndi Matenda Ogwirizana. Journal of General Internal Medicine . 2016. 31 (11): 1360-1366.