Kodi autism ndi malo abwino kwambiri?
M'dziko lokongola, anthu okhala ndi autism adzaphatikizidwa mokwanira m'madera ambiri. Adzakhala ndi malo ogona komanso othandizidwa pokhapokha ngati akufunikira, ndipo amavomerezedwa ndi anzawo.
Zoonadi, zoona zake ndi zosiyana kwambiri. Ana omwe ali ndi autism ali, chifukwa cha anthu omwe ali ndi Disability Education Act, omwe nthawi zambiri amaphunzitsidwa ( amaphunzitsidwa m'zipinda zamakono ), komabe si zachilendo kwa akuluakulu kapena ana omwe ali ndi autism kukhala gawo limodzi mwa anthu ambiri.
Ziri zovuta kumvetsa chifukwa chake kuphatikiza kuli kovuta. Mwana yemwe sangathe kutsatira malangizo omveka mofulumizitsa moto akugwera m'mbuyo mwa kalasi, pagulu, kapena ngakhale Sande sukulu. Munthu wamkulu yemwe sagwira ntchito moyenera pansi pa magetsi a fulorosenti sangathe kupeza ndi kusunga ntchito yolowera. Ndipo munthu aliyense amene amadzimvera chisoni ( kuwombera zala, kugwedeza, kupanga phokoso losamvetseka ) amachititsa nkhawa pakati pa anthu omwe amamuzungulira (ngakhale ma alarmwo sali olondola).
Pakalipano, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi autism angathe ndipo amaphunzira kugwira ntchito moyenera komanso ndi zothandizira. Chowonadi chikufunsa funso: kodi ndibwino kuti anthu omwe ali ndi autism aphunzire, kusewera, ndi kugwira ntchito ku autism-zokhazokha?
Chifukwa Choyimira Zowonjezera Zonse Ndizovuta
Anthu omwe ali ndi autism ali ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana, omwe ambiri amawagwirizanitsa ndi kuyankhulana kwa anthu komanso kumvetsera mwachikondi , kumveka komanso kukhudza.
Anthu ambiri okhala ndi autism amakhalanso ndi vuto linalake pogwiritsa ntchito ndi kumvetsetsa chinenero. Potsirizira pake, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi autism ali ndi vuto labwino ndi maluso abwino komanso magetsi.
Mavutowa akhoza kukhala ofatsa kapena ovuta, koma ziribe kanthu momwe angapangire zovuta kwambiri kuti azigwira bwino ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
Zitsanzo zochepa:
- Kungokhala m'chipinda chokhala ndi kuwala kwapamwamba kwambiri kumakhala kowawa kwambiri.
- Kuima pamalo odzaza okhudzidwa ndi anthu ena kungakhale kochititsa mantha.
- Kutanthauzira molondola mauthenga achangu mwamsanga ndi kuwamasulira kuti achitepo kanthu kungakhale kosatheka.
- Kulongosola molondola kayendetsedwe kake ka munthu wina ndikukhala pamalo abwino pa nthawi yoyenera, mwachitsanzo, kugwira kapena kukankha mpira, mwina sikutheka.
Mavutowa amatanthauza kuti ntchito zofanana, monga kusonkhana kusukulu, kutenga nawo mbali masewera a masewera, kapena kutsatira malangizo ochokera kwa mphunzitsi, woyang'anira, kapena mphunzitsi, ndizovuta kwambiri kwa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi autism.
Pothandizidwa ndi kuthandizidwa, anthu ambiri autistic akhoza kulipiritsa mavuto awo kapena kupeza malo omwe amawalola kuti apambane mwachisawawa. Koma zoona zake n'zakuti pamafunika nthawi yochuluka, mphamvu, ndi khama kwa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi autism kuti azigwira ntchito bwino m'madera ambiri.
Kwa anthu ambiri, njira yothetsera mavuto a autistic ndiyofuna kupeza malo omwe autism amavomerezedwa ndi ntchito zina, njira zophunzitsira, komanso kugwirizana kwa anthu.
Zina mwazipangidwezi zimaperekanso zowonongeka monga autism ndi magetsi otsika. Ngakhale pali zambiri zoti zifotokozedwe kwa autism-zokhazokha, komabe, zosankha zoterezi zimakhala ndi ubwino ndi zowopsya.
Zotsatira kwa Autism-Malo Okhazikika
Pali zopindulitsa kwambiri ku autism-zokhazokha, makamaka (koma osati okha) kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto aakulu. Nazi zochepa chabe:
- Pokhala ndi machitidwe oyenera, ana omwe ali ndi autism akhoza kuika chidwi pa kuphunzira ndi zochepa pakuyesera kulingalira makhalidwe a chikhalidwe cha anzao.
- Popanda zododometsa, ana ndi achikulire omwe ali ndi autism amatha kusiya nkhawa zawo ndikumasuka.
- Muzokhazikika, ndizotheka kukhazikitsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zovomerezeka za autism zolankhulana, maphunziro, ndi maphunziro muzochitika zonse.
- Zokonzera za Autism zokha zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zawo pa zosowa za ophunzira odzipereka ndi makasitomala, zomwe zikutanthauza zipangizo zamakono, zipangizo zoyenera, ndi zina zotero.
- Mu zochitika zokha za autism, anthu amatha kuganizira zinthu zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zofuna zawo ndi luso lawo. Mwachitsanzo, akhoza kutenga nawo mbali masewera odziimira osati masewera a timu; magulu a lego kupatula anthu amtundu wina; ndi zina zotero.
- Ngakhale kuti anthu omwe ali ndi autism samalumikizana nthawi zonse payekha, si zachilendo kuti iwo apeze zogawana zomwe amagawana nawo ndipo amatha kuthera nthawi yokhala pamodzi popanda nkhawa kapena zovuta.
- Makolo, podziwa kuti mwana wawo ali pamalo ovomerezeka akhoza kuthetsa nkhawa zomwe zimayambitsa kudera nkhawa zomwe mwana wawo amachita pa sukulu kapena ntchito.
Lumikizani ku Maimidwe Okha a Autism
Ndili ndi mbali zambiri, "chifukwa chiyani munthu ali ndi autism angakhale bwino mu malo omwe alipo? Pali zifukwa zambiri; Nazi zochepa chabe:
- Mu malo omwewo, ana ndi akulu angaphunzire luso limene angagwiritse ntchito pa moyo wawo wonse, ngakhale panthawi yapadera iwo sangaphunzire kuthetsa kuthetsa kapena kulimbikitsira zosowa zawo.
- Mu sukulu yadziko lonse, ana omwe ali ndi autism amakhala ndi mwayi wambiri wofufuza malingaliro atsopano ndi nkhani ndi kumanga luso lawo. Mu sukulu yapadera, pali mipata yochepa, ndipo zonse zimamangidwa moyandikana ndi zofuna ndi zofunikira za "wophunzira" wophunzira (pulogalamu yamakompyuta, mwachitsanzo).
- M'madera ambiri, anthu omwe ali ndi autism akhoza kutenga nawo mbali pazochitika zenizeni za dziko kuyambira kumtundu ndi masewera kupita kwa ophunzira ndi ntchito. Mu malo autism-okha, chirichonse chimapangidwira mwakhama kuti zipeze zotsatira zabwino: palibe mpikisano, ndipo bar nthawi zambiri amachepetsedwa.
- M'malo mopewa zinthu zovuta, anthu omwe ali ndi autism amatha kusintha kapena kugwirizana ndi zinthu ngati zipinda zamaseĊµera kapena magetsi owala. Mu malo omwe alipo, anthu omwe ali ndi autism angaphunzire kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo (monga phokoso lochotsa phokoso ndi magalasi) zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kugwira ntchito m'deralo.
- Ngakhale kuti autism-zokhazokha zimakhala zochepetsera bar kuti zitheke, kutenga nawo mbali muzochitika zamtunduwu kumatha kulola anthu okhala ndi autism kuti adzikanize okha ndi kupitirira zoyembekeza.
- Kwa mabanja, kukhala ndi mwana wa autistic mu malo amodzi kumatanthauza kuti mamembala ena amatha kudziwa, kumvetsa, ndi kumayamikira mwana wawo.
Kodi N'kosavuta kwa Anthu Amene Ali ndi Autism Yogwira Ntchito?
Anthu ena omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri autism ndi omwe kale ankatchedwa Asperger syndrome ndi anzeru kwambiri, omwe angathe. Nthawi zina amatha kugwira bwino ntchito zovuta. Mavuto amayamba, komabe, pamene zinthu zikusintha kapena ziyembekezo zikuwonjezeka.
Mwachitsanzo, mwana wamng'ono kwambiri yemwe ali ndi ntchito yotchuka ya autism angapange bwino ku sukulu kapena sukulu kumene zipangizo zoonera ndi kuyendayenda zimalimbikitsidwa. Izi ndizofunika makamaka pazipinda zapadera pamene magetsi ndi phokoso amatha kusintha ndipo mphunzitsi amalekerera (ndipo ali ndi nthawi yothetsera) maulendo osiyanasiyana oyankhulana ndi ophunzira. Komabe, m'kalasi yoyamba, mwana yemweyo ali m'kalasi yomwe ali ndi ana 25 ndi mphunzitsi mmodzi, akuyembekezeretsanso kutsatiridwa, ndipo amapereka zochepa chabe. Kuchita kwake kumawongolera, khalidwe lake limasintha, komanso ngakhale kusintha kwake kungakhale kovuta kwa iye kuti azigwira ntchito pamalo omwe amalankhulidwe ndi chikhalidwe chawo ndizofunikira kwambiri.
Chinthu chimodzi chovuta kwambiri cha kugwiritsira ntchito autism ndichinthu chowonadi kuti kulemala "kosawoneka" n'kovuta kulandira. Kodi mumakhala bwanji kuti wophunzira waluso angakhale ndi "kusungunuka" chifukwa cha kukhumudwa, kukhudzidwa, kapena nkhawa? N'zotheka kuyika zothandizira m'malo, koma machitidwe ovomerezeka angathe kupanga kuvomereza kovuta komanso kunyoza kwambiri.
Ndibwino Kwambiri Padziko Lonse
Mwamwayi, ndizotheka kwambiri kuti anthu omwe ali ndi autism aziphatikizana ndi autism okha komanso zomwe zimachitika m'midzi. Chikhalidwe chabwino chimaphatikizapo mpata wokhala chete mu autism-yokhazikika ndi mipata yovuta komanso yowunikira mderalo. Kubwereza ndi kuthandizidwa kwathunthu kungakhale njira yabwino yothetsera malo oti munthu adziwe padziko lonse lapansi.
> Zotsatira:
> Grey, KM ndi al. Zotsatira za anthu akuluakulu mu autism: kumudzi komweko komanso luso lokhala ndi moyo. J Autism Dev Kusokonezeka. 2014 Dec; 44 (12): 3006-15. onetsani: 10.1007 / s10803-014-2159-x.
> Ambuye, Catherine Ed. Kuphunzitsa Ana ndi Autism . National Research Council, National Academy Press. 2013.
> Public Radio. Kodi ana a autistic akuyenda bwino Mu masukulu ophatikizidwa kapena odziwika bwino? June 2014. Webusaiti.