Chikopa cha khungu ndi chotupa chokwanira, cholimba, chodziwika kwambiri chomwe chimakhala chachikulu mamita masentimita (osachepera theka la inchi) ndipo chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zizindikiro zingapo za khungu, makamaka psoriasis. Mawu akuti plaque ndi French chifukwa cha "mbale" yomwe ili yoyenera chifukwa zilonda nthawi zambiri zikuwoneka ngati mbale (zonyansa) mbale.
Mwachidule
Chikopa cha khungu, kapena chotupa chachikulu, chingakhale chophweka kapena chimawonekera ngati malo okhuthala khungu limene salikuwonekera pamwamba pa khungu.
Mipando yamatumba ikhoza kufotokoza malire kapena ayi, ndipo akhoza kutenga maonekedwe osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo:
- Zachilendo (zamkati)
- Pewani (mawonekedwe apakati a mwezi)
- Polygonal (zosiyana osati zamakono)
- Polymorphic (mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana)
- Nkhono (njoka yooneka ngati njoka)
- Poikilodermatous (variegated)
Miphika ikhoza kuwonekera paliponse m'thupi, koma imawoneka nthawi zambiri pamakutu, mawondo, khungu ndi kumbuyo. Kuchuluka kwa khungu kamene kamakhudzidwa ndi zipika zimasiyanasiyana. Nthawi zina mabala a khungu amakhala ochepa kwambiri mawanga omwe amawoneka ngati ofanana; Nthawi zina zimakhala ziphuphu zazikulu zomwe zimaphimba ziwalo zikuluzikulu za thupi, monga maonekedwe.
Zizindikiro
Zizindikiro zimakhala zosiyana malinga ndi chikopa cha pakhungu (onani m'munsimu.) Komabe, kawirikawiri, pali zizindikiro zochepa zomwe zimayenderana ndi zilembo zamtundu uliwonse:
- Kuyabwa ndi kuyaka
- Kupweteka (nthawi zambiri kumverera kwakukulu, kosamveka bwino)
- Kutupa ndi kuuma kwa ziwalo zomwe zimapezeka
Zimayambitsa
Pali njira zambiri zosiyana siyana zopangira mapulogalamu, ngakhale kuti mapepala a psoriasis awerengedwa kwambiri.
Ngakhale kuti chifukwa chenicheni cha psoriasis sichidziwika, chimaganiziridwa kuti chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chitetezo cha mthupi ndi mtundu wa selo loyera la magazi: T Tymphocyte T kapena " T selo ." Ma maselo a T amagwira ntchito nthawi zonse kuti athetse mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya, koma omwe ali ndi psoriasis, maselo a T amakhala otheka kwambiri ndipo amamenyera mwangwiro maselo abwino a khungu.
Pachifukwachi, palinso maselo a khungu wathanzi komanso ma maselo ambiri a T ndi maselo oyera, omwe amasokoneza khungu.
Maselo atsopano a khungu amakafika kumbali yakutali khungu mofulumira: m'masiku omwe amatenga masabata. Chifukwa khungu lakufa ndi maselo oyera amagazi sangathe kutaya mokwanira, amamanga ndi kupanga matope akuluakulu pamwamba pa khungu.
Zotsatira Zogwirizana
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zikopa zapakhungu zomwe zimapezekapo. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Eczema - Imatchedwanso atopic dermatitis, kapena allergenic dermatitis, mphutsi (ndi plaques) kuchokera kumtundu wa dzuwa zimakhudzana ndi zovuta zina zomwe zimakhudzana ndi khungu.
- Psoriasis - Mkhalidwe umene umakhudza pafupifupi anthu awiri peresenti ya anthu, zinyama za psoriasis zimagwirizana ndi zifukwa zingapo kuphatikizapo chitetezo cha mthupi, machitidwe a chibadwa, ndi zachilengedwe. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya psoriasis, koma psoriasis ya plaque , yomwe imatchedwanso psoriasis vulgaris, ndiyo njira yofala kwambiri.
- Pityriasis rosea - Monga kupweteka kwa nthawi yochepa, pityriasis imapezeka makamaka kwa ana achikulire komanso achinyamata. Chifukwa chake sichikudziwika panopa, koma chikhoza kusiyanitsa ndi zizindikiro zina za khungu zomwe zimayambitsa mapepala a khungu chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa herald chigamba , chachikulu ndi chokongola chomwe chikhoza kukhala inchi mpaka mainchesi asanu omwe amayamba choyamba.
- Dermatitis ya Seborrheic - Matenda a khungu opweteka omwe amakhudza khungu lomwe lili ndi mitsempha yowonongeka, seborrheic imadziwika bwino kuti ndilo vuto limene limayambitsa matenda.
- Tinea versicolor - Amatchedwanso pityriasis versicolor, tinea versicolor kawirikawiri amasokonezeka ndi zina zotupa. Ndi matenda opweteka chifukwa cha yisiti Pityrosporum orbiculare ndi Pityrosporum ovale zomwe zimapezeka pamwamba pa khungu ndi tsitsi la tsitsi . Zimakhala zovuta pokhapokha pali zowonjezera za bowa. Popeza chotupitsa chimakhala chotsitsa chiwonongeko cha melanocytes (mankhwala omwe amachititsa tani), kuthamanga nthawi zambiri kumakhala hypopigmented, kukhala kowala kuposa khungu lozungulira. Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha matendawa, makamaka mimba. Ikhoza kupezedwa mu njira yofanana ndi matenda ena a fungus, koma ikhoza kuwonetsedweratu kuchipatala ndi nyali ya Woods. (Pansi pa kuwala wakuda, kutukuka kumapangitsa munthu kukhala wachikasu.)
- Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, omwe amadziwika kuti tinea corporis, ndi matenda ena omwe amayamba chifukwa cha fungasi zosiyanasiyana monga dermatophytes. Nkhuku zimakhala pa maselo omwe ali pamwamba pa khungu, ndipo amakula makamaka pakati pa zala ndi zala, pa scalp, The bowa amakhala ndi malo ozizira ndipo amapezeka nthawi zambiri kumenyana, chifukwa chokhala pafupi ndi thukuta. Kusayera bwino kungapangitse ngozi.
Kudziwa
Mabala ndi chimodzi mwa mitundu yambiri ya zilonda zapachiyambi zomwe zimasonyeza matenda a khungu. Mipata ingakhale yovuta kuti ipeze chifukwa pali zikopa zingapo zomwe zingayambitse mabala, koma pali zowonjezera zomwe zingapezeke powasiyanitsa. Mwachitsanzo, mapepala a seborrheic dermatitis ndi owopsya, owopsa, ofiira ndipo amapezeka pambali ya mafuta, kuphatikizapo nkhope ndi chifuwa. Pityriasis rosea plaques amayamba ndi chigoba chimodzi cha herald ndi kufalikira. Mipangidweyi imakhalanso ngati nthambi zamtengo wapatali.
Kuwala kwa Wood kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti tipeze tinea versicolor, yomwe ingakhalenso yosiyana chifukwa cha kuchulukitsidwa. Kuyezetsa KOH kungakhale kolimbikitsa ndi zina mwazimenezi. Nthawi zina, kuganizira bwinobwino sikungapangidwe kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ma labulo, ndipo chidziwitso cha khungu chidzafunika kuti mudziwe matenda a khungu.
Chithandizo
Chithandizo cha zikopa zimadalira kuchipatala. Izi zikuti, mosasamala kanthu za matenda a khungu omwe amapezeka nawo, zipika zimakonda kuchitira mankhwala ndi zonunkhira kapena mafuta onunkhira , monga corticosteroid kapena retinoid . Mankhwala amlomo, ngati antihistamine, angathenso kulamulidwa kuti athandize kuchepetsa kuyabwa (kung'amba kungayambitse kupweteka kwambiri ndi zina mwazimenezi). Plaque psoriasis ikhoza kuchiritsidwa pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala othandiza.
Ukhondo woyenera, kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse madzi odzola, oatmeal osamba ndi dzuwa (pamene akuvala SPF, ndithudi) amatchulidwa kuti athetse vuto ndi kusunga khungu, ngakhale kuti sangathe kuletsa zipika kuti zisatuluke.
> Zotsatira:
> Errichetti, E., ndi G. Stinco. Dermoscopy mu General Dermatology: Mwachidule. Dermatology ndi mankhwala . 2016. 6 (4): 71-507.
Kasper, Dennis L .., Anthony S. Fauci, ndi Stephen L .. Hauser. Mfundo za Harrison za Mankhwala a M'kati. New York: maphunziro a Mc Graw Hill, 2015. Print.