Mu 2010, boma la US linapereka tanthawuzo la umoyo wathanzi monga "kupeza thanzi labwino kwa anthu onse." Izi zikutanthauza kuti aliyense, mosasamala mtundu, chikhalidwe, zachuma, kapena zochitika, ali ndi kuwombera komweku pokhala ndi moyo wathanzi. Ndicholinga cholemekezeka, ndipo kuti chikwaniritsidwe chimafuna kusintha kosangalatsa kwakukulu m'magulu onse-kuchokera kwa anthu kupita kudziko lonse.
Chimene chiri
Mawu oti "umoyo wathanzi" nthawi zambiri amaponyedwa pozungulira kuchepetsa kusiyana kwa thanzi -ndiko kuti, mipata yeniyeni ya thanzi pakati pa anthu omwe ali okhudzana kwambiri ndi mavuto azachuma kapena zachilengedwe.
Mwachitsanzo, anthu akuda ku United States ali otheka kufa chifukwa cha khansa kusiyana ndi mtundu wina kapena mtundu uliwonse. Anthu omwe ali ndi ndalama zochepa komanso amitundu yocheperapo sakhala ndi inshuwalansi ya thanzi. Ndipo akapeza chithandizo chamankhwala, nthawi zambiri amalandira chisamaliro chochepa poyerekeza ndi anzawo omwe ali oyera. Kuchepetsa zolepheretsa zaumoyo ndi sitepe yofunikira kuti mukwaniritse umoyo wabwino.
Kuyesera kuchepetsa kapena kuthetseratu zolekanitsa izi zakhala zikuyang'ana kwambiri pa matenda opatsirana kapena mankhwala. Koma madokotala ambiri komanso akatswiri a zaumoyo akutha kufotokozera mwamsanga, osadwala sali wofanana ndi kukhala wathanzi. Pali zifukwa zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimasewera pamene tikulankhula za zakudya-thanzi, chiwerengero cha ntchito, kuthamanga kwa magazi , ndi zina zotero.
Kaya muli ndi kachilombo kapena matenda ena ndi gawo chabe la phunzilo.
Choncho, kukhala ndi thanzi labwino, sikutanthauza kuthetsa kapena kuthetsa matenda. Ponena za kuyang'ana zomwe zikuchititsa anthu ena kuti asamakhale ndi thanzi labwino.
Kukhala ndi umoyo wathanzi sikuli kofanana ndi thanzi laling'ono.
Sikokwanira kuti aliyense akhale ndi mwayi womwewo; ayenera kukhala ndi mwayi woyenera pazochitika zawo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mutapatsa aliyense chipinda cha nsapato zazikulu khumi, zingakhale zofanana ndi kuti aliyense angapeze chinthu chomwecho-osati kenanso, koma sizingakhale zofanana chifukwa sikuti aliyense amavala kukula kwake 10 Anthu ena atha kukhala opindula chifukwa nsapato ndizoyendera bwino, pamene ena sali abwino kuposa omwe analipo kale. Zikanakhala zoyenera kuti aliyense atenge nsapato pamlingo woyenera.
Chifukwa Chofunika Kwambiri
Kukhala wathanzi makamaka kumadalira makhalidwe ambiri monga momwe mumadyera ndi kuchita masewero olimbitsa thupi, kaya mumasuta kapena mumamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kapena mwamsanga mungathe kuthana ndi mavuto azachipatala musanakhale aakulu. Kupeza udindo wanu wokhala ndi thanzi labwino ndikofunika, koma zomwe timasankha kuchita kuti tikhale ndi thanzi lathu zimadalira zomwe tingasankhe.
Ngati mumakhala pafupi ndi misewu yowonongeka, palibe mapaki, komanso magalimoto akuluakulu, kutuluka panja kukachita masewera olimbitsa thupi sikungakhale njira yabwino. Chimodzimodzinso, ngati malo okhawo ogula chakudya m'deralo apereka chakudya chamtengo wapatali, chosakanizidwa komanso zodula koma zosakwanira za zokolola zatsopano, zidzakhala zovuta kudya zakudya zabwino.
Chikhalidwe chakale pakati pa akatswiri a zaumoyo ndi awa: Ngati mukufuna kuti anthu asankhe bwino, muyenera "kusankha bwino kusankha kophweka." Koma kwa anthu ena ku United States, kusankha bwino sikulipo, lolani zosavuta zokha. Kukhala ndi umoyo wathanzi kumatanthauza kuchotsa kapena kuchepetsa mphamvu-koma zopewedwera ndi zosafunikira-zopinga kapena zosokoneza zomwe zimapangitsa anthu kubwerera ku mwayi kuti athandize thanzi lawo ndi mabanja awo.
Si nkhani yokhudza chilungamo. Kusalingana mu thanzi ndi chithandizo chamankhwala ndi okwera mtengo. Mwachiŵerengero chimodzi , pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a ndalama zachindunji kwa anthu akuda, Hispanics, ndi Asiya-Amereka anali chifukwa cha kusagwirizana kwa thanzi, ndipo ndalama zomwe zinagwirizanitsidwa ndi zoperewerazi (kuphatikizapo kufa msanga) zinkayenera kukhala madola 1.24 triliyoni pakati pa 2003 ndi 2006.
Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pankhani zachinsinsi za ana. Ngati ana onse anali ndi mwayi wofanana ndi zotsatira zaumoyo monga ana olemera, kuchuluka kwa zikhalidwe zina monga kuchepa kwa thupi kapena kuvulala mosadzidzimutsa kudzagwa ndi pafupifupi 60 mpaka 70 peresenti. Ana osagwira ntchito nthawi zambiri amakula kukhala akuluakulu, omwe amachititsa kuti anthu asamangokhala ndi thanzi labwino, komanso kuti azikhala ndi thanzi labwino komanso lachuma.
Kukhalanso ndi thanzi labwino kuyambira ali mwana makamaka makamaka kungakhale ndi zotsatira zazikulu pakati pa anthu, kuphatikizapo kuthekera kwa kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchipatala ku United States ndikukweza chuma chonse.
Kupindula ndi Equity Equity
Pofuna kukhala ndi umoyo wathanzi, United States iyenera kuyamikila kuti aliyense akhale ndi moyo wabwino. Izi zidzatengera kuyesayesa kwakukulu, kosalekeza, ndi kuyesayesa kupeweratu kusayenerera kosapeŵeka mu zotsatira za thanzi komanso kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala, kusalungama kolondola, ndi kutseka mipata pazosiyana zaumoyo. Ndi ntchito yaikulu komanso imene imafuna kuyesetsa payekha, m'deralo, ndi kudziko lonse.
Mabungwe ambiri, maubwenzi ogwira ntchito, ndi anthu omwe apanga ndondomeko zopita kumeneko, kuphatikizapo Healthy People 2020, American Academy of Pediatrics, ndi American Public Health Association. Ngakhale mapulaniwa amasiyana pang'ono ndi zomwe akuyenera kuchita ndi omwe, pali zina zomwe zimagwirizana.
Dziwani kusiyana kwakukulu kwa thanzi ndi zifukwa zawo.
Mofanana ndi njira iliyonse yaumoyo yaumphawi, vuto loyamba ndikutulukira zomwe zikuchitika ndi chifukwa chake. Njira yodziwika ndi kufunsa funso "chifukwa" kasanu.
Nenani, mwachitsanzo, iwe unakumba bondo lako.
- Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa inu munadutsa panjira.
- Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa phazi lanu limagwira pa malo osagwirizana.
- Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa msewu umasowa kukonza.
- Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa boma laderalo silinakonze njirayo pamsewu kwa nthawi yaitali.
- Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa alibe ndalama zokwanira kuti akonzedwe mipiringidzo yoonongeka m'malo onse omwe akufunika.
Mungathe kuyika bandage pakhomo panu ndikupitirizabe ndi moyo-koma izi siziletsa ena kuti asamangogwada. Njira yowonjezereka yowonjezereka ndiyo kulimbikitsa boma lakumidzi kukweza kapena kupempha ndalama zowonjezereka kuti zikwaniritse polojekiti yofunikira yopanga chitukuko.
Izi ndizowonjezereka kwambiri, koma zimasonyeza kufunika kozama kukumba mozama kuti silingaganizirenso vuto koma njira zothetsera vutoli. Mavuto azaumoyo ammudzi amakhala ndi zifukwa zovuta.
Yang'anani zochitika zowoneka bwino zosasangalatsa.
Dziko la United States liri ndi mbiri yakale komanso yovuta kwambiri yokondweretsa ena a zachuma, mafuko, ndi mafuko ena-kaya ndi malamulo ndi ndondomeko kapena miyambo. Sikuti aliyense amachitiridwa mofanana. Sikuti aliyense ali ndi mwayi womwewo. Ndipo si onse omwe amakumana ndi mavuto omwewo. Pofuna kupondereza zinthu, zotsutsana zambiri sizikudziwa, ndipo tsankho likupitilizidwa ndi anthu omwe nthawi zambiri samadziwa kuti akuchita.
Mwamwayi, izi zimachitika nthawi zonse m'masewero othandizira zaumoyo, komwe kafukufuku wasonyeza otsogolera kupereka chithandizo chochepa chaukhondo ndi kuyankhulana kosauka kwa odwala ang'ono poyerekeza ndi odwala awo oyera.
Gawo lofunika pochiritsa magawanowa ndikutenga kukambirana momasuka ndi komwe ife monga fuko tingachite bwino kupanga zinthu mofanana komanso kusintha kotani kuti tipezeko. Izi zikutanthawuza kuvomereza ndi kumvetsetsa mbiri ya dera lomwe lapatsidwa, kumvetsera ndi maganizo omasuka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zolakwika, ndikudziŵa kuti ndi liti ndipo sitingakwanitse kupereka anthu mwayi wathanzi kuti akhale ndi thanzi labwino.
Kusintha kapena kukhazikitsa malamulo, ndondomeko, ndi mapulogalamu m'magulu onse a anthu kuti apereke aliyense kuwombera komweko kuti akhale wathanzi.
The Affordable Care Act idaperekedwa mu 2010 ndipo ikugwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira mu 2014 ndikuyembekeza kulola anthu ambiri kukhala ndi inshuwaransi ya umoyo ku United States, motero kuchepetsa kusiyana komwe kulipo ndi mwayi wopezeka kuchipatala. Ngakhale kuti ili ndi njira yovuta kwambiri yandale, lamuloli linapititsa patsogolo kutseka mipata. Pofika mu 2016, chiwerengero cha anthu osalimbikitsidwa ku United States chinali atagonjetsa pafupifupi theka, chomwe chinakhudza kwambiri magulu omwe kale anali osowa kwambiri monga anthu akuda, Hispanics, ndi anthu omwe ali osauka.
Mofananamo, mapulogalamu monga Medicaid (omwe amakhala ndi umphawi ndi / kapena olumala) ndi Medicare (okalamba) amathandiza kupereka chithandizo cha inshuwalansi kwa anthu omwe sangawathandize. Ngakhale inshuwalansi yathanzi ndi imodzi chabe yaziganizidwe za thanzi, malamulo ngati awa ndi sitepe yofunika yothandizira mipata yoyandikana muyeso.
Malo omwe anthu ambiri sakuwakonda omwe amachititsa kusagwirizana kwa thanzi ndizofunikira. Ngati dera lina lasweka misewu, palibe mapepala, upandu waukulu, ndi masitolo ochepa omwe ali ndi zipatso zatsopano, zingakhale zovuta kuti mabanja m'deralo azitsatira zolimbitsa thupi tsiku ndi tsiku komanso zopatsa thanzi kuti akhalebe ndi moyo wathanzi.
Mwachitsanzo, malo osungirako chakudya (kumene malo ogulitsa zakudya zonse zogulitsa zakudya zatsopano komanso zosankha zabwino zodyera zilibe zochepa kapena palibe) ndi malo okwera chakudya (kumene njira zosayenera monga chakudya chokhazikika mwambiri mwadera) zingathe kuchepetsedwa kupyolera pamtunda Zophatikizapo monga zoletsa malire kapena zolimbikitsa za boma kapena mapulogalamu a zaumoyo ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zipatala, masukulu, kapena mabungwe ena.
Pangani mgwirizano mkati mwa mudzi.
Gawo lofunika kwambiri ndi gawo lililonse, dera, kapena dziko lonse lapansi ndilo loyamba kutsimikiziranso kuti aliyense wakhudzidwa ali nawo muzokambirana. Anthu ndi mabungwe omwe ali ndi chidwi chodziwika pa kusintha komwe amapatsidwa-omwe amadziwika kuti "okhudzidwa" -kufunika kuti achitepo kanthu ngati polojekiti iliyonse ikhale yopambana, makamaka ngati ikugwirizana ndi kusintha kwa khalidwe kuchokera ku gulu lapatsidwa.
Pali fanizo labwino la anthu lomwe limakhala ngati izi: Bungwe linafuna kukumba chitsime kumudzi wakutali komwe mabanja amayenda maili tsiku lililonse kuti akamwe madzi. Analowa mkati ndipo anakumba chitsimecho kenako anasiya, akukhulupirira kuti adathetsa vuto lalikulu. Koma atabwerera kudzawona momwe mudziwu unakhudzidwira, chitsimecho chinasiyidwa osagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso chosokonezeka. Atafunsanso chifukwa chake anthu a m'mudzimo sanagwiritsire ntchito chitsimecho, adapeza kuti amayi mumudziwu ankakonda ulendo wopita ku mtsinje chifukwa inali nthawi yawo yocheza nawo.
Ngakhale bungweli linali litapempha akuluakulu a mumzinda kuti alole kuti amange chitsime, palibe amene ankaganiza kuti awafunse akazi omwe angati amapindula. Makhalidwe a nkhani ndi osavuta: Ngati mukufuna kuthandiza anthu, muyenera kuwaphatikizapo. Kupanga kudalira ndikupeza kugula kuchokera kwa omwe akukhudzidwa ndizofunikira kuti phindu lililonse la thanzi labwino likhale lopambana.