Kodi Kukhala ndi Immunocompetent Kumatanthauza Chiyani?

Tsatanetsatane wa chidziwitso chosagwirizana ndi thanzi lanu

Scientifically, kukhala immunocompetent kumangotanthauza kuti chitetezo cha m'thupi chimagwira ntchito bwino komanso kuti thupi limatha kukwera bwino kuyankha chitetezo cha mthupi, pamene kuli kofunikira.

Munthu akhoza kukhala wosadziletsa kapena wosamalitsa thupi (komwe chitetezo cha mthupi sichiri kugwira ntchito monga momwe chiyenera kukhalira), koma osati panthawi yomweyo.

Chitetezo cha Immune

Zamoyo zonse zakhala ndi ma chitetezo a chitetezo champhamvu omwe amateteza ku matenda opatsirana.

Kuti zitha kugwira ntchito bwino, chitetezo cha mthupi chiyenera kuzindikiranso anthu omwe amalowa nawo m'mayiko ena (ie tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga mabakiteriya, mavairasi, ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda) komanso kutumiza otsutsa kuti amenyane ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Zamoyo zathu zimadziwitsa zinthu zina zakuthupi zomwe chitetezo chathu cha mthupi chidzatha kuzindikira ndi kupewa (osati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda).

Popeza tizilombo ta tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatha kusintha mwamsanga ndikusintha, nthawi zina amapewa kudziwika ndi chitetezo cha mthupi. Izi zikachitika, mukhoza kumva kuti mukudwala, kuthamanga pansi, ndikumakhala kovuta kumenyana ndi matenda omwe atenga thupi lanu.

Mwamwayi, chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chimakhala ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zozitetezera komanso mayankho omwe amadziwitse ndikuthandizira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chikhoza kuyankha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'njira ziwiri:

• Yankho la chitetezo cha chitetezo cha m'magazi kumene T-lymphocytes (kapena T-maselo-mtundu wa selo loyera la magazi) amathandiza kwambiri pakuzindikira ndi kumangika maselo ena monga maselo opatsirana ndi kachilombo ka HIV, maselo okhala ndi mabakiteriya opangidwira, ndi maselo a khansa akuwonetsa chotupa ma antigen (antigen ndi mapuloteni opezeka pa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda).

• Mankhwala a chitetezo cha mthupi mwa B-lymphocytes (kapena B-Maselo) ndi maselo a m'magazi (maselo oyera a magazi omwe amatulutsa maselo ambiri a chitetezo) amateteza mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi mu madzi a thupi mwa "kukumbukira" owononga ndi kupanga ma antibodies kuti amenyane (momwemonso mumamangidwira mavitamini ena mutalandira katemera wa kachilombo ka HIV).

Pamene maselo T ndi mabungwe A B amamanga ndi ma antitigeni ozindikiritsidwa, amakhala osadziwika bwino.

Nanga bwanji ngati simukukhala ndi chithunzithunzi?

Kusiyana kwa kukhala osadziletsa kumakhala koyambitsa immunodeficiency kapena immuno-incompetent kapena immunocompromised. Pakhoza kukhala zochitika zina, koma mawu otsatirawa akufotokoza momwe chitetezo cha mthupi sichigwira ntchito mwa njira zotsatirazi:

• Immunodeficient : Monga mwana wamwamuna wongobereka kumene chitetezo chake cha mthupi sichinagwire bwino ntchito, koma mwina amakhala ndi ma antibodies omwe amamupatsa iye ndi amayi ake.
• Immuno-osadziwa: Monga odwala khansara omwe ali ndi chitetezo cha chitetezo cha m'thupi kapena cholephera. Madokotala amalimbikitsanso kuti achibale ndi anthu omwe ali pafupi ndi omwe ali ndi vuto la immuno ayenera kutemera katemera wamba.
• Osavomerezeka: Odwala omwe amalandira mankhwala omwe amalandira mankhwala oletsa kukana kuti thupi lawo lisawakane, amatchulidwa kuti ali osasokonezeka.

Odwala omwe ali ndi mavuto omwe ali pamwambawa akuyenera kuti asalandire katemera, omwe ali ndi katemera wambiri, kaya ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena mabakiteriya. Komanso, katemera osatetezedwa kawirikawiri amapereka phindu lokhazikika kwa odwala osadziletsa.

Kusokonezeka kwadzidzidzi

Pamene chitetezo cha mthupi chimasokonezeka, pangakhale zotsatira zoopsa.

Kawirikawiri, chitetezo cha mthupi chimangoyamba kumenyana (osati kwa antigeni kuchokera m'magulu a munthu) koma nthawi zina chitetezo cha mthupi chimatha kugwira ntchito ndipo chimawerengera thupi lawo. Izi zimayambitsa chitetezo cha mthupi kuti chikhale ndi magetsi omwe amachititsa kuti thupi lizikhala lokha.

Ngati magetsi amatha kulengedwa, thupi likhoza kuwononga minofu ndi kuyambitsa kutupa, kumakhala vuto lakumadzimadzi. Kwa anthu ambiri, zochepa zoterezi zimapangidwa kuti matenda osadziwika bwino sachitika. Kwa ena, iwo akhoza kukhala amodzi mwazidzidzidzi zambiri, monga:

• Matenda a manda
• Matenda a nyamakazi
• Hashimoto thyroiditis
• Sakanizani shuga ya shuga
• Lupus
• Vasculitis

Kuyesedwa kwa dokotala kudzafunika kuti muzindikire bwino autoimmune matenda.

_Zotsatira:

_{Health and Health. Oktoba 2011. WHO Training Package for Health World Health Organization.}

_{Peter J. Delves. Kusokonezeka kwadzidzidzi. Zotsatira za Merk.}