Nthenda ya mphumu ndi matenda aakulu a mapapu, omwe amachititsa kuti zizindikiro zowonjezereka zimatuluka (kutulutsa phokoso lapamwamba panthawi yopuma ndi kutuluka), kumverera kwa chifuwa kapena kupweteka, kutengeka kwa mpweya wokwanira (kupuma pang'ono), ndi kutsokomola. Kwa anthu okhala ndi mphumu, mpweya wamapapu umatenthedwa, motsogolere kuzing'ono.
Minofu yozungulira mlengalenga imakhala yovuta kwambiri komanso imagwirizana ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimachititsa kuti zizindikiro za mphumu zichitike.
N'chiyani Chimachititsa Kuti Mphuno Ziziipiraipira?
Pali zovuta zosiyanasiyana zomwe zingawononge zizindikiro za mphumu. Izi zingaphatikizepo zolimbitsa thupi, matenda opatsirana (makamaka chimfine), kutsegula m'magazi (monga pollens , spores nkhumba , pet dander, ndi fumbi), zowopsya (monga fodya), mphamvu, nkhawa kapena kusintha mahomoni Maselo (monga momwe mkazi amachitira kumaliseche).
Kodi Khunyu Amadziwika Bwanji?
Ngakhale kuti zizindikiro za mphumu zimakhala zogwirizana ndi matenda a mphumu, makamaka ngati zizindikirozi zimakhala bwino pogwiritsira ntchito bronchodilators (monga albuterol ), kukhala ndi zizindikiro za mphumu sikokwanira kuti adziwe matenda a mphumu.
Kutulukira kwa mphumu kumadalira kuchuluka kwa chitetezo cha mpweya wotembenuka mtima pa spirometry.
Ngati muyeso wa mapapu umagwira ntchito, wotchedwa FEV1 (kuvomerezedwa kwa voliyumu m'phindi 1), amakula osachepera 12% ndi 200 milliliters pambuyo pofufuziridwa ndi bronchodilator, ndiye kuti matenda a asthma angapangidwe. The FEV1 ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya komwe kumachokera m'mapapo m'kati mwachiwiri.
Ngati mtengowu ukuwonjezeka pambuyo poti injini ya bronchodilator imatuluka, ndiye kuti izi zimatanthauza kuti bronchodilator amatha kupumula minofu pamtunda kuti athandize mpweya wambiri kuti utuluke mofulumira, kutanthauza kukhalapo kwa chitetezo cha mpweya. Njira yina yoganizira izi ndikukinkhira munda wothandizira: Ngati phokoso la m'munda likuphimbidwa, madzi akhoza kutha. Pomwe payipi imakhala yosasunthika, madzi amachokera mofulumira kwambiri. Izi ndizofanana momwe mpweya umachokera m'mapapo mofulumira pamene chitetezo cha mpweya chidzathetsedwa ndi kutsekedwa kwa bronchodilator.
Kutulukira kwa mphumu kungathenso kupyolera mu bronchoprovocation, yomwe ndi mayeso omwe amachepetsa mapapu ntchito pa spirometry. Anthu omwe ali ndi mphumu awonjezereka mtima wa mpweya m'mapapo, ndipo izi zingayambitse ku FEV1 kupyolera mu bronchoprovocation. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kumatha kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amachititsa kuti minofu ikhale yovuta kwambiri (monga methacholine), kumasulidwa kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuchokera m'mapapo (monga mannitol kapena allergenens), kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena kutsekemera. mpweya wozizira. Vuto lalikulu lomwe nthawi zambiri limatanthawuza kukhala kuchepa kwa FEV1 ya 15-20% (malinga ndi mayesero omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito), zimakhala zovuta (koma osadziwa) chifuwa cha mphumu chifukwa mayeso abwino a bronchoprovocation angayambenso mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la rhinitis komanso matenda opatsirana posachedwa.
Mayeso olakwika a bronchoprovocation angakhale othandiza kwambiri popatula mwayi wodwala mphumu.
Mayesero ena omwe angasonyeze kapena kutsutsa kupezeka kwa mphumu ndizomwe zimapangidwira, zizindikiro zotupa monga nitric oxide ndi exutum eosinophils. Palibe imodzi mwa mayeserowa omwe amaonedwa kuti ali ndi matenda a mphumu panopa, ngakhale kuti zingakhale zothandiza poyang'anira asthma mwa anthu omwe kale amapezeka kuti ali ndi spirometry.
Choncho, mphumu iyenera kuti ikhale yodziwika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito spirometry - pogwiritsira ntchito bronchodilator kuonjezera FEV1 kapena pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zoyezetsa magazi pofuna kuchepetsa FEV1.
Chitsime:
Lipoti la Panja la Odzidziwitsa Pulogalamu ya Asayansi Padziko Lonse 3 . National Heart, Lung ndi Magazi Institute / National Institutes of Health. Website.
KUDZIZIRANI: Zomwe zili patsamba lino ndizomwe mukuphunzitsidwa, ndipo siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa chisamaliro cha dokotala wovomerezeka. Chonde onani dokotala wanu kuti adziwe ngati ali ndi matenda kapena matenda.