Ngakhale Chilolezo Chiloleza Kulowa Kachilombo ka HIV, Vuto Lofunsidwa
Pa November 12, 2013, Pulezidenti Barack Obama adasintha lamulo la bungwe la HIV / AIDS Equity Act (Hope Act) lomwe limapereka ndalama zothandizira anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kapena (a) mu kafukufuku wamagetsi omwe amalola kugwiritsa ntchito ziwalo zokhudzana ndi kachirombo ka HIV pansi pa malamulo ndi mfundo za Hope Act.
The Hope Act inasintha lamulo la Organic Transplant Amendments Act la 1988, lomwe linaletsa zoperekazo chifukwa cha nkhawa zokhudzana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo , ziwalo zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala , mphamvu zowonongeka, ndi zina zomwe zingathe kuchepetsa phindu la kuika kotereku. Lamulo latsopano likubwera panthawi imene kufunika kwa ziwalo zogwiritsira ntchito ziwalo sikungakhalepo kwakukulu, makamaka ndi kuchuluka kwa mtima , chiwindi, impso ndi matenda ena omwe amachititsa anthu okalamba omwe ali ndi HIV .
Lamuloli likuvomerezeranso kuti njira yothandizira anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a HIV (ART) ndiyothandiza kuti athetseretu kachilombo ka HIV m'dongosolo lopatsirana komanso kulandira kachilombo ka HIV.
Ndalamayi, yomwe inakambidwa ndi Senator Barbara Boxer wa ku California, idakonzedwanso ngati njira yothetsera vuto la anthu omwe alibe kachilombo ka HIV pazitsamba zolembera ziwalo. Chiyesocho chinapangitsa kulengeza mu February 2016 kuti John Hopkins School of Medicine adzakhala malo oyambirira kuyambitsa ziwalo za munthu wina yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
Chifukwa chiyani Hope Hope Ndi Yofunikira
Pambuyo pothana ndi mndandanda wa mapepala omwe akudikirira ndi kuyembekezera kufunikira kwakukulu kwa zopereka zapakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, Hope Act ikuwonetsedwa ndi anthu ambiri ngati njira yoyamba yowononga chithandizo chachipatala kwa anthu omwe ali ndi AIDS. Zimatanthauzira momveka bwino kuti, m'nthawi ino yamakono, mantha a kubwezeretsedwa amangoyerekezera ndi chiwerengero cha imfa yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi HIV.
The Previous to the Hope Act, zinali zoletsedwa ngakhale kuyesa kulumikizidwa kwa kachilombo ka HIV pansi pafupipafupi kafukufuku wa chipatala-kufotokoza za sayansi yoyipa ndi mantha ochititsa mantha omwe adalepheretsa malamulo ambiri kuti aziteteza "anthu onse -kuletsedwa kwa amagazi omwe amatsutsidwa kwambiri ku America)
Monga momwe magazi amaperekera, ziwalo zomangira ku US zimayendetsedwa bwino kwambiri. Mbadwo wamakono, mchitidwe wokhudzidwa kwambiri wa HIV umatsimikizira kuti palibe munthu yemwe alibe kachilombo ka HIV angalandire chiwalo kuchokera kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi HIV. Pakalipano, zopereka zonse za thupi ndi minofu zimayang'aniridwa ndi HIV, chiwindi cha hepatitis B (HBV) ndi chiwindi cha hepatitis C (HCV) malingana ndi malamulo a US Health Care Service (PHS) a 1994 kuti athetse kutuluka kwa Human Immunodeficiency Virus kudzera mu Transplantation.
Viability of the Hope Act adafunsidwa
Mu September 2014, ofufuza ochokera ku yunivesite ya Pennsylvania anachita phunziro loyamba kukhala ndi zotsatira za Hope Act, poyesa kuyenera kwa 578 ofa, odwala kachilombo ka HIV monga opereka matupi.
Phunziroli, lokhazikitsidwa kuti liyimire chipangizo cha bungwe la Philadelphia, linali ndi odwala omwe ali ndi zaka 53, 68% mwa iwo anali amuna ndipo 73% mwa iwo anali African-American.
Ndi CD4 yowerengeka ya 319 ndi miyezo yowonongeka ya tizilombo , gululo linkatengedwa kuti ndi opereka chithandizo, omwe ali ndi matenda ochepa omwe angatengeke (4); zochepa zosinthika zotsutsana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo (2); ndi zochepetsetsa , pulogalamu yowonongeka ya mankhwala osokoneza bongo panthawi ya imfa (6).
Phunziroli, lomwe linaperekedwa ku 54th Interscience Conference la Antimicrobial Agents ndi Chemotherapy (ICAAC) ku Washington, DC, linanena kuti gululo likhoza kukhala ndi impso zisanu ndi ziwiri ndi chiwindi zisanu ndi zinayi kuyambira 2009 mpaka 2014, ndipo ambiri sakhala pansi pa zifukwa zoyenera kuzigwirira ntchito . Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- 260 osatulutsidwa chifukwa chosakhala kuchipatala pa nthawi ya imfa yawo.
- 87 osatulutsidwa chifukwa chosakhala ndi ubongo wolemba umboni.
- 75 osatulutsidwa kuti akhale ndi chifukwa chosadziwika cha imfa.
- 70 osatulutsidwa chifukwa chosakhala ndi chithandizo chamankhwala pa nthawi ya imfa yawo.
- 63 osatulutsidwa chifukwa chosakhala ndi mpweya wabwino.
- 13 osagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa cha matenda a shuga, matenda a hypertension, HCV, cirrhosis, kapena matenda a impso.
- 3 osatulutsidwa kuti akhale ndi vuto.
Komanso, kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta kumawongolera 50 peresenti ya kupambana mu impso za impso zozikidwa ndi ziwalo zabwino mkati mwa dziwe loperekedwa. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, zaka zowonjezera zaka zowonjezera chiwindi zowonjezera chiwindi zinali zofanana ndi zomwe anthu ambiri (71% poyerekeza ndi 74%, motero).
Kufufuzanso kwina kudzawone ngati zikhalidwe zofananako zikuwoneka mwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, komwe kupeza ziwalo zokhudzana ndi kachirombo ka HIV sikungapereke chiwerengero chokwanira cha opereka apamwamba.
Zotsatira:
United States Congress. "S.330 - Mgwirizano wa bungwe la HIV / Organ Policy Act113th Congress (2013-2014)." Washington, DC; November 21, 2013.
New York Times. "John Hopkins Kuti Achite Choyamba Chotsitsa Mthupi la HIV ku US" Published by February 10, 2016.
US Public Health Service (PHS). "Malangizo a Pulezidenti a US of Health (PHS) a 1994 a 1994 kuti ateteze kutuluka kwa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Immunodeficiency Virus kudzera mu Kukula." Public Health Report. July-August 2013; Vesi 128.
Richterman, A .; Lee, D .; Reese, P .; et al. "Kutheka kwa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a HIV