Kugawana ndi Kuvutika kwa Magazi Otsogolera ku Hemolysis Yachilendo
Hemolysis ndi kuwonongeka kwa maselo ofiira a magazi. Maselo ofiira ambiri amakhala moyo masiku pafupifupi 120. Pambuyo pake, amafa ndikutha. Maselo ofiira a magazi amanyamula mpweya ku thupi lonse. Ngati maselo ofiira akutha mosavuta, padzakhala ochepa kuti azitengera mpweya. Matenda ndi ziwalo zina zimayambitsa maselo ofiira ofiira posachedwa, kuchititsa kutopa ndi zizindikiro zina zoopsa.
Mitundu ya Hemolytic Anemia
Pali mitundu yambiri ya magazi a hemolytic anemia ndipo mkhalidwewo ukhoza kulandira (makolo anu adasintha jini lanu) kapena anapeza (amatanthawuza kuti simunabadwe ndi matenda, koma mumakhala nawo nthawi zina m'moyo wanu). Matendawa ndi zifukwa zotsatirazi ndi zitsanzo za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anemia ya hemolytic:
Hemolytic Anemias. Mutha kukhala ndi vuto ndi hemoglobin , membrane, kapena michere yomwe imasunga maselo ofiira a magazi . Izi kawirikawiri zimachokera ku jini kapena zolakwika zomwe zimayambitsa maselo ofiira a magazi. Pamene mukuyenda kudutsa m'magazi, maselo osadziwika akhoza kukhala ofooka ndikutha.
Cell Sickle Anemia. Matenda omwe amabadwa nawo pamene thupi limapanga hemoglobini yodabwitsa. Izi zimayambitsa maselo ofiira a magazi kukhala ndi mawonekedwe achimake (kapena chikwakwa). Maselo achilombo amafa patangotha masiku 10 kapena 20 okha ngati mafupa sangathe kupanga maselo atsopano a magazi omwe amathamanga mwamsanga kuti athetse anthu akufawo.
Ku US, kachilombo kakang'ono kamene kamakhudza kwambiri anthu a ku America.
Thalassemias . Izi ndi matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha thupi limene thupi silingathe kupanga mitundu yambiri ya haemoglobini, zomwe zimapangitsa thupi kukhala ndi maselo ofiira a magazi ochepa kusiyana ndi achibadwa.
Wokonzeka Spherocytosis. Pamene chophimba chakunja cha maselo ofiira a m'magazi sichimasokonezedwa, maselo ofiira amagazi amakhala ndi moyo wautali kwambiri ndi mphanda , kapena mawonekedwe a mpira.
Oyera Elliptocytosis (Ovalocytosis). Kuphatikizapo vuto ndi maselo a maselo, maselo ofiira amagazi amawoneka mozungulira, samasintha monga maselo ofiira a magazi, ndipo amakhala ndi moyo wautali kuposa maselo abwino.
Gulukosi-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Kulephera. Pamene maselo ofiira a m'magazi akusowa chosowa chofunika kwambiri chotchedwa G6PD , ndiye kuti muli ndi vuto la G6PD. Kuperewera kwa mapuloteni amachititsa kuti maselo ofiira aphungu aphedwe ndi kufa pamene atha kugwirizana ndi zinthu zina m'magazi.
Kwa iwo amene ali ndi G6PD omwe alibe, matenda, matenda opanikizika, zakudya zina kapena mankhwala, akhoza kuwononga maselo ofiira a magazi. Zitsanzo zina zoterezi zimaphatikizapo mankhwala opatsirana pogonana, mpweya , mankhwala osokoneza bongo (NSAIDs), mankhwala osokoneza bongo , naphthalene (mankhwala amtundu winawake) kapena nyemba.
Kuperewera kwa Pyruvate Kinase. Pamene thupi likusowa puloteni yotchedwa pyruvate kinase, maselo ofiira amagazi amatha kugwa mosavuta.
Anapeza Hemolytic Anemias. Pamene hemolytic anemia imapezeka, maselo ofiira anu amagazi akhoza kukhala achilendo koma matenda ena kapena chinthu china chimapangitsa thupi lanu kuwononga maselo ofiira m'magazi kapena magazi.
Matenda a m'mimba oteteza thupi. Pachikhalidwe ichi, chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chimapha maselo ofiira a thanzi .
Mitundu itatu yaikulu ya kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi ndi:
- Kuthamanga magazi kwa magazi (AIM). Izi ndizimene zimachititsa kuti magazi a hemolytic anemia akhale ovuta. Pa chifukwa china chosadziwika, AIHIA imachititsa thupi lanu kukhala ndi chitetezo cha m'thupi kuti apange ma antibodies omwe amaukira ma maselo ofiira a magazi. AIHIA ikhoza kukhala yaikulu ndikubwera mofulumira kwambiri.
- Alloimmune hemolytic anemia (AHA). AHA imachitika pamene mawonekedwe a chitetezo cha m'thupi amathamangira minofu yowonjezera, kuika magazi , kapena amayi ena apakati, mwana wosabadwayo. Popeza AHA ikhoza kuchitika ngati magazi oikidwa magazi ndi osiyana ndi magazi kusiyana ndi magazi anu, AHA akhoza kuchitika panthawi yomwe mayi ali ndi kachilombo ka magazi ndipo mwana wake ali ndi magazi a Rh. Rh factor ndi mapuloteni mu maselo ofiira a magazi ndipo "Rh-negative" ndi "Rh-positive" amatanthauza ngati magazi anu ali ndi Rh factor.
- Mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Ngati mankhwala amachititsa chitetezo cha thupi lanu kuti chiteteze maselo ake ofiira a magazi, mukhoza kukhala mankhwala oopsa a hemolytic. Mankhwala mu mankhwala (monga penicillin) angagwirizane ndi maselo ofiira a magazi ndipo amachititsa chitukuko cha ma antibodies.
Mankhwala a Hemolytic Anemias. Kuwonongeka kwa thupi ku maselo ofiira a magazi kumatha kuwononga mofulumira kuposa momwe zimakhalira. Zowonongeka zingayambidwe ndi kusintha kwa mitsempha yaing'ono yamagazi, zipangizo zina zamankhwala, kuthamanga kwa magazi pa nthawi ya mimba (preeclampsia), kapena eclampsia (vuto limene limayambitsa kugwidwa ndi amayi oyembekezera), matenda oopsa kwambiri kapena matenda osowa magazi monga thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura , zomwe zimachititsa kuti magazi azikhala ndi mitsempha yaing'ono m'magazi. Kuonjezera apo, ntchito zovuta zitha kuchititsa kuwonongeka kwa maselo m'magazi (monga kuthamanga marathon)
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH). Thupi lanu lidzawononga maselo ofiira amagazi osadziwika (owopsa chifukwa cha kusoŵa kwa mapuloteni ena) mofulumira kuposa momwe zimakhalire ndi vutoli. Anthu omwe ali ndi PNH ali pangozi yowonjezera kuti:
- Magazi amatseka m'mitsempha
- Maselo otsika a maselo oyera ndi maselo
Zowonjezera Zowononga kwa Maselo Ofiira A Magazi. Matenda ena, mankhwala, ndi zinthu zina zingawononge maselo ofiira a magazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi asapitirire magazi. Zitsanzo zina ndizo mankhwala oopsa, malungo, matenda opatsirana ndi nkhuku kapena njoka ya njoka.
Mayesero a Magazi Amagwiritsidwa Ntchito Kufufuza Hemolysis
Kuwona dokotala wanu ndi njira yoyamba kuti mupeze matenda a magazi a hemolytic anemia. Dokotala wanu angayese mbiri yanu yachipatala ndi ya banja kuphatikiza pa kuyezetsa thupi ndi mayeso a magazi. Mayeso ena a magazi amene amapezeka kuti apeze hemolysis ndi awa:
- Chiwerengero cha maselo ofiira a magazi (RBC), omwe amatchedwanso kuti erythrocyte count
- Mayeso a Hemoglobin (Hgb)
- Mayeso a seramu haptoglobin
Mapulogalamu ochepetsera mwana watsopano omwe amachitidwa ndi boma lirilonse amawunikira (kugwiritsa ntchito mayeso a magazi nthawi zonse) kwa kuchepa kwa magazi ndi maselo a ana a G6PD. Matendawa ndi ofunikira kwambiri kuti ana athe kupeza chithandizo chabwino.
gwero:
National Institutes of Health. Mitundu ya Hemolytic Anemia. www.nhlbi.nih.gov. Inapezeka pa 9 March 2016.