Zomwe Mungagwiritse Ntchito Powonjezerako Mmene Metatarsophalangeal Integrated
Ululu mu chophimba chanu chachikulu champhongo zingakuchititseni inu zomvetsa chisoni. Mitsempha yoyamba ya metatarsophalangeal ndi mgwirizano umene umagwirizanitsa chala chachikulu kumphwa woyamba wa metatarsal wa kutsogolo. Ngakhale ziwalo zala zazing'ono ndizochepa, ndizofunika kuti phazi likhale labwino. Mankhwalawa amakhala ndi nkhawa yaikulu. Pamene akupweteka, muli mu tsiku loipa. Zina mwa mavuto omwe amapezeka kawirikawiri pamphatikizi ili ndi izi:
Bunion
Bunion ndi chophimba chachikulu, chophwanyika pamutu waukulu wazitole chomwe chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chikhalidwe cha mapazi omwe amadziwika kuti hallux valgus deformity. Mipuniyiti imayambitsidwa ndi chophatikizidwa chachikulu chala zala zazing'ono ndipo sichikulirakulira, zomwe ndizolakwika molakwika.
Kuphatikizana ndi chiwonetsero chooneka, hallux valgus imayambitsa kusintha kwala kwala, ndipo imayendetsa kumapazi ang'onoang'ono pakapita nthawi. Chotsatira chachizoloŵezi chimakhala chofutukuka kwambiri komanso chofiira, chokhumudwa, ndipo nthawi zina kutupa pambali pamphindi chachikulu. Ngakhale mabungwe ambiri amayamba chifukwa cha nyamakazi zolakwika, zizindikiro monga nyamakazi ya nyamakazi ingayambitse bunion kuwonongeka.
Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti pali zinthu zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse zizindikiro ngati muli ndi (kapena awiri). Nazi njira zingapo zoti muganizire:
- Valani nsapato zowononga, nsapato zowonongeka ndi bokosi lalikulu kuti mulole malo owonjezera kuzungulira chala chachikulu. Izi zimachepetsa kupanikiza pa bunion.
- Ikani papepala pa bunion kuti mupewe kusamba ndi kukwiya.
- Pangani machitidwe olimbitsa thupi kuti muthe kuyenda bwino.
- Pambuyo pochita masewera, gwiritsani ntchito phukusi lozizira pa bunion (onetsetsani kuti muika pepala kapena nsalu pakati pa paketi ndi khungu lanu).
- Kambiranani ndi dokotala ngati mukufuna kutenga anti-inflammatory, monga ibuprofen, ngati bunion yanu ili yopweteka kapena yotupa.
Ngati chisokonezo chanu chikupitirirabe ngakhale pangakhale zosavuta izi, katswiri wamatenda (dokotala yemwe amadziwika bwino pazendo za phazi) akhoza kukugwirani ndi nsapato zanu zapadera (orthotics) kuti mugwirizane ndi zala zanu zazikulu zala. Katswiri wanu wamaphunziro amatha kukupatsani zizindikiro zazing'ono zomwe mumabvala usiku kuti muzitha kugona zala zazikulu mutagona.
Ngati izi sizikugwira ntchito ndipo mukupirirabe zowawa kapena kuyenda, woyimba wanu akhoza kukutumizirani dokotala wa opaleshoni. Pali njira zamakono zochitira opaleshoni zomwe zingachitidwe kuti zikhazikitse mafupa ndikuchotsa mimba.
Arthritis
Mtundu wambiri wa nyamakazi umene umakhudza chachikulu champhongo chophatikizana ndi osteoarthritis, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa kanyumba kameneka. Osteoarthritis pachimake chachikulu champhongo chingayambike kuchokera ku mavuto omwe ali ndi phazi ndi kayendedwe ka mapazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kosalekeza kwambiri. Zoopsa monga kupweteka kapena kusuntha kwala zala zazikulu zingayambitsenso osteoarthritis. Mitundu ina yonyansa ya nyamakazi imene imakhudza zala zazikuluzikulu zimakhala ndi nyamakazi komanso nyamakazi .
Zizindikiro za nyamakazi zala zazikulu zazing'ono zingaphatikizepo kupweteka, kutengeka, kuuma, ndi kutupa. Zowawa za osteoarthritis zala zazikulu zala zazing'ono zimakhala zowonekeratu poima ndi kuyenda. Anthu ena omwe ali ndi mafupa a mitsempha aakulu amayamba kukhala ndi vuto lotchedwa hallux rigidus, momwe kuli kuuma kosazolowereka kwa mgwirizano, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwala kwala.
Ngati nyamakazi ikupita, kukula kwa knobby komwe kumatchedwa bone spurs kungakhale kofanana ndi bunion. Kusiyanasiyana komabe ndikuti ngakhale mabononi amayamba mkati mwa phazi, bony imatuluka kuchokera ku nyamakazi yapamwamba imakhala yopangidwa pamwamba pa zala zazikulu. Mofanana ndi mabononi, kukonzanso kwapadera kumeneku kungapangitse kuwonongeka kwa hallux valgus kumene chala chachikulu chimayang'ana chala chachiwiri.
Njira zosavuta kuchiza nyamakazi yazala zazikuluzikulu zimaphatikizapo kutenga mankhwala opweteka opweteka monga NSAID, pansi pa uphungu wa dokotala wanu. Mutha kulangizidwa kuti muvale nsapato zokhazokha kapena kugoba pamphwanjo waukulu.
Mankhwala othandizira thupi angathandizenso ndipo nthawizina steroid ikuwombera muzowonjezera amafunika kuchepetsa kupweteka ndi kutukumula. Nthawi zambiri, opaleshoni imafunika, kuchotsa fupa la fupa (lotchedwa cheilectomy ) kapena fupa la fupa la mgwirizano.
Gout
Gout ndi chikhalidwe cha kagayidwe kake kamene kamakhudza chachikulu chala. Gout amapezeka pamene uric acid imamangirira m'magazi a munthu, kupanga makina osungunula omwe amatha kuika nawo palimodzi, nthawi zambiri chimphona chachikulu. Mawu a zachipatala omwe amamasulira gout muzitole zazikuluzikulu ndi podagra.
Zizindikiro za matenda a nyamakazi zimaphatikizapo mgwirizano wofiira, wotentha, komanso wopweteka kwambiri. Ngati masewera a gout sakuyankhidwa ndikupezeka mobwerezabwereza kwa zaka zingapo, kuwonongeka kofanana kungachitike. Kuphatikiza apo, gout tophi angapangidwe, zomwe zimakhala zosaoneka kapena zosaoneka bwino zamakono zomwe zimayang'ana pala zala.
Nthawi zina, zingakhale zovuta kwa dokotala kuti adziwe kusiyana pakati pa nyamakazi yambiri yamphongo m'diso lalikulu lala. Pachifukwa ichi, dokotala wanu akhoza kuitanitsa kuyesa kwa magazi kuti aone kuchuluka kwa ma uric acid m'magazi anu. Ngati zowonjezereka, izi zikhoza kukhala chitsimikizo chomwe chikuwombera gout-ngakhale, iyi si lamulo lovuta komanso lofulumira, lingaliro chabe. Kawirikawiri dokotala adzafunika kutenga chitsanzo cha madzi omwe ali pamodzi kuti ayesedwe kwa uric acid crystals ndikupanga chitsimikizo chotsimikizira.
Chithandizo cha gout muzitole zazikuluzikulu ndizophatikizana, kuchiza zala zala ndi zapamwamba za uric acid m'magazi. Kwa chala chake, mankhwala oopsa a gout angathe kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala a mankhwala omwe amatchedwa colchicine, anti-inflammatory (monga NSAID), kapena steroid.
Pofuna kuchepetsa kugwidwa ndi kupewa kuteteza mtsogolo, dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni kuchepetsa kulemera ngati muli olemera kwambiri kapena ochepa kwambiri ndipo mukupanga kusintha kwa zakudya monga:
- Kudula nsomba zofiira, nsomba, ndi mowa
- Kupewa zakudya ndi zakumwa ndi manyuchi a chimanga cha high-fructose
- Kuwonjezera mkaka wa mkaka, masamba, ndi zakudya zonse zambewu zomwe mumadya
Ngati muli ndi zovuta zambiri, dokotala wanu angapangire mankhwala ochizira mankhwala kuti achepetse mayendedwe a uric m'magazi.
Sesamoiditis
Mafupa otchedwa samoamoid a phazi ndi mafupa awiri ang'onoang'ono omwe amapezeka pansi pa fupa loyamba la metatarsal, pafupi ndi chophwanyika chala chachikulu (woyamba metatarsophalangeal joint). Iwo amakhala mkati mwa tendon yomwe imasinthasintha chala chachikulu.
Mafupa a samoamoid amamva kupweteka ndi kutupa kuchokera pachimake kapena matenda aakulu. Sesamoiditis nthawi zambiri imagwirizanitsidwa ndi ntchito zomwe zimaphatikizapo kusinthana pazitole kapena kulumpha, monga ballet kuvina kapena basketball. Kugwidwa kwa fupa la samoid kungachititse zizindikiro zofanana, nthawi zambiri ndi ululu waukulu pansi pa mpira ndi phazi pansi pazala.
Sesamoiditis ingakhale yokhoma kuchitapo kanthu chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kulemetsa kwamphamvu pa mpira wa phazi pakuyenda. Ndipotu, vuto lalikulu la samoididitis kapena kupweteka kwa fupa la samoid likhoza kukhala losalemetsa ndi zibowo kapena kuponyedwa. Kuwonongeka kwa sesamoid kungafunike opaleshoni.
Sesamoiditis yomwe sichikuphatikizidwa ndi kupweteka kapena minofu yofewa imatha kupumidwa ndi kupumula kuntchito, kupalasa pafupi ndi mpira, ndi nsapato za nsapato (zitsulo zothandizira) kuti zithetse kuthamanga kwa mpira. Malingaliro a nsapato angaperekedwe, monga nsapato zolimba kwambiri kapena nsapato za pansi. Nsapato ya pansi-pansi ndi yofanana ndi nsapato ya toning, chifukwa zonsezi zimakhala zokhazokha zomwe zimachepetsa kupanikizika pansi pa zala zala.
Nkhutu Zachimake
Nkhonya zazitsamba ndi zovulaza zokhudzana ndi masewera, komanso monga samoiditis imakhala ndi ululu pansi pazala zazikulu. Kupweteka kumachokera ku msana, womwe ndi kuvulaza kapena misonzi ku chimango chala.
Dzina lakuti turf toe limachokera ku mgwirizano pakati pa kuvulazidwa kumene ndi masewera omwe amawombera pa zojambula, monga mpira ndi mpira. Kuvulala kumachitika pamene chalachi chimapirira mphamvu yochulukirapo panthawi yomwe imasinthasintha, monga pamene wothamanga amachoka ku chimphona chachikulu pamene akudula ndi kuthamanga. Zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, zidole za masewera , ndi zovuta zapadera pazitoliro zomwe zimachokera zingatheke kuvulaza.
Malingana ndi mlingo wa kuvulala, zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo mtundu wina wa kutupa, kutaya thupi, ndi kupweteka. Chithandizo cha tiyi tofanana ndi seamoiditis, chomwe chimayambitsa kuchepetsa kupanikizika pazala zazikulu zazing'ono kuti pakhale machiritso. Chifukwa cha vuto lalikulu, ayezi, kukwera, kutetezera phazi, ndipo nthawi zina zidulo zimafunikira. Kuvulala kwakukulu kungafunike kutumizidwa kwa dokotala wa opaleshoni.
> Zotsatira:
> American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons. Nyamakazi ya Foot ndi Ankle.
> American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons. Chotupa chachikulu (Hallux Rigidus).
> Becker MA. Maphunziro oleza mtima: Gout (Beyond the Basics). Mu: UpToDate, Dalbeth N (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA.
> Doherty M, Abhishek A. Kuwonetseratu kwapadera ndi matenda a osteoarthritis. Mu: UpToDate, Hunter D (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA.
> Fields KB. Kufufuza ndi kuzindikira za zomwe zimachititsa kuti anthu azivutika kwambiri m'mapazi. Mu: UpToDate, Eiff P (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA.