Kugonjetsedwa ndi kachilombo ka West Nile kumangowonjezeka kupyolera mwa kukhudzana ndi udzudzu umene uli ndi kachilomboka, ngakhale kuti njira zina zowonongeka zazindikiranso. Kumvetsetsa momwe kachilomboka kakufalikira ndi njira yabwino yopezera matenda a West Nile.
Mbiri
Chipatala cha West Nile ndi kachilombo ka RNA, kamene kamasankhidwa ndi akatswiri odwala matenda opatsirana monga gulu la kachilombo ka HIV ka encephalitis.
Choyamba chinali chokhazikitsidwa ndi chitsanzo cha mwazi chomwe chinasungidwa m'ma 1930 kuchokera ku West Nile ku Uganda.
M'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi kachilomboka kakufalikira pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo lero ikupezeka ku Africa, Middle East, Europe, Asia, Australia, North ndi South America.
Ngakhale kuti poyamba sanaganizirepo kanthu, kachilombo ka West Nile tsopano kamadziwika kuti ali ndi vuto loopsa la meningitis ndi encephalitis mu chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka.
Zomwe Zimayambitsa Matenda
Vuto la West Nile ndi arbovirus, ndiko kuti, kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a arthropods. Zimangowonjezedwa ndi udzudzu. Vutoli limapezedwa ndi udzudzu pamene amadyetsa mbalame, yemwe amakhala ndi kachirombo ka West Nile.
Madzudzu
Mitundu yoposa 60 ya udzudzu yasonyezedwa kuti ili ndi kachirombo ka West Nile ku United States ndi Canada. Madzudzu omwe amafalitsa kachilomboka kwa anthu kawirikawiri amodzi mwa mitundu yambiri ya mitundu ya Culex, tizilombo zomwe zimapezeka m'madera ambiri padziko lapansi.
Vuto la West Nile lakhala likudziwika ndi nkhupakupa, koma sizachidziwikire kuti nkhupakupa ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda.
Udindo Wa Mbalame
Mitundu yambiri ya mbalame yadziwika kuti ndiyi yomwe imakhala ndi kachirombo ka HIV, ndipo ndiyo njira yomwe kachilombo ka West Nile yafalikira padziko lonse lapansi. Kawirikawiri, mbalame zomwe zimadwala matenda a West Nile zili ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda m'thupi mwawo kwa nthawi yaitali koma alibe zizindikiro.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti mbalame yomwe ili ndi kachilomboka imatha kupatsira matendawa kwa udzudzu kwa nthawi yaitali.
Komabe, mitundu yambiri ya mapiko, makungubwe, ndi ma jay akhala akufa kwambiri kuchokera ku matenda a West Nile, ndipo madera angapo a m'maderawa apezeka ndi mbalame zomwe zimafalikira kufa. Komanso, anthu omwe amakhala pafupi ndi malo omwe mbalame zambiri zafa ndi kachilomboka zimawoneka kuti ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a West Nile.
Zina Zotengera Matenda
Ngakhale kuti njira zowopsa kwambiri za matenda a anthu ndizomwe zimayambira ndi udzudzu wodwala, kachilombo ka West Nile kangapezekanso mwa kukhudzana ndi magazi kapena mankhwala a magazi kuchokera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo m'magazi awo.
Kuthamangitsidwa
Kudwala ndi matenda a West Nile kwapezeka ngati kuchitika magazi ndi kuikidwa magazi a maselo ofiira, plasma, ndi mapaleletti. Mtundu uwu wa kachilombo ka HIV wayamba kuchepetsedwa tsopano pamene kuwonetseredwa kwapadziko lonse kumachitika m'mayiko ambiri pazida zamagazi. Kuwonetsetsa uku sikungwiro, komabe, chifukwa sizingathe kupeza kachilombo ka West Nile ngati kuli kochepa kwambiri.
Kusuntha
Kawirikawiri, kachirombo ka West Nile kachilomboka kanakhalanso ndi kupatsira thupi kwa opereka kachilomboka. Pazochitikazi, seramu yowonongedwa kuchokera kwa operekayo yakhala yoipa kwa kachilombo ka West Nile, akutsutsa mwamphamvu kuti kachilombo ka moyo kanalipobe mu ziwalo zoperekedwa.
Mimba
Palipanso pali matenda ochepa omwe amabwera chifukwa cha matenda a kachilombo ka HIV, omwe amachititsa kufalikira m'mimba mwa mayi kupita kwa mwana m'kati mwachitatu. Pazifukwa izi, makanda amatenga kachilombo ka HIV atangobereka kumene. Ngakhale zili ndi malipotiwa, kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a West Nile amaganiza kuti sichipezeka.
Zifukwa za Zizindikiro
Pamene kachilombo ka West Nile kamalowa m'magazi ndikuyamba kuchulukitsa, chitetezo cha mthupi mwamsanga chimayesetsa kuchotsa kachilomboka.
Kawirikawiri, ma antibodies kwa kachilombo amawoneka mofulumira. Mankhwalawa amathamangira ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikuwapangitsa kuti awonongeke.
Kuphatikiza apo, maselo a chitetezo cha mthupi amathamangira mofulumira kuti athetse kachilomboka. Chitetezo cha mthupi chimayambitsa kupanga ma interferons osiyanasiyana ndi ma cytokines , omwe amamenyana ndi kachilomboka koma kamene kamatulutsa kutupa, zomwe zimachititsa kuti zizindikiro za West Nile ziwoneke. Mwa njira izi, chitetezo cha mthupi chimatulutsa kachilomboko masiku angapo.
Komabe, mwa anthu ena, kachilombo ka West Nile kamatha kuwoloka malire a ubongo ndi ubongo ndikukhala nawo mkati mwa dongosolo la mitsempha. Anthu awa ndi omwe amachititsa zotsatira zoopsa kwambiri za matenda a mitsempha ya West Nile kapena encephalitis.
Zowopsa
Munthu aliyense amene walumidwa ndi udzudzu pamalo omwe mbalameyi imatengera kachilombo ka West Nile akhoza kutenga kachilombo ka HIV. Popeza maderawa tsopano ali ndi mbali yaikulu padziko lapansi, pafupifupi kulumidwa kwa udzudzu kungathe kutulutsa kachilomboka, kwa munthu aliyense. Pamene udzudzu wambiri umalandira, umakweza chiwopsezo chanu.
Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka West Nile amadwala matenda okhaokha, kapena palibe zizindikiro. Komabe, chiwerengero chochepa cha anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo (osachepera 1 peresenti) chidzakhala ndi njira yowopsya yoopsa ya moyo wa matendawa.
Ngakhale zotsatira zake zowopsya zingakhudze aliyense yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka West Nile, ena amaoneka kuti ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi meningitis kapena encephalitis. Zomwe zimawonjezera ngoziyi ndi izi:
- Ukalamba
- Khansa
- Chemotherapy yatsopano
- Matenda a shuga
- Mowa mopitirira muyeso
- Matenda a impso
- Amuna
Pa zochitikazi, nkofunika kuti muzigwira ntchito ndi dokotala mukamawona chinthu china chosiyana, ngakhale ngati chikuwoneka ngati chimfine.
> Zotsatira:
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> Johnson Gd, Eidson M, Schmit K, ndi Al. Kuchenjeza Kwadongosolo Kwa Anthu Pa Ma Virusi a West Nile Pogwiritsa Ntchito Magulu Atafa Akufa: Kuyesedwa kwa Chaka 2002 Data Mu New York State. Am J Epidemiol 2006; 163: 171.
> O'leary Dr, Kuhn S, Kniss Kl, Et Al. Zotsatira za Kubadwa Zotsatira Zachilombo cha West Nile Kugonjetsa Amayi Oyembekezera ku United States: 2003-2004. Matenda a ana 2006; 117: E537.
> Petersen Lr, Brault Ac, Nasci Rs. Ma Virusi a West Nile: Werenganinso Mabuku. JAMA 2013; 310: 308.
> Rizzo C, Napoli C, Venturi G, ndi Al. Kutumiza kwa kachirombo ka West Nile: Zotsatira Zomwe Zinayang'aniridwa Mogwirizana mu Italy, 2008 mpaka 2015. Euro Surveill 2016; 21.