Chiwopsezo ndi kufalikira kwa mitundu isanu ya matenda a chiwindi
Ngati inu kapena wokondedwa wanu muli ndi mtundu wina wa chiwindi cha chiwindi, mukhoza kudabwa kuti ndi anthu angati omwe ali ndi matendawa. Pano pali kuyang'ana pa kufalikira ndi chikhalidwe cha mitundu isanu ya matenda a chiwindi ku United States ndi padziko lonse lapansi.
Matenda a Hepatitis ku US ndi Worldwide
Ngati mwapezeka kuti muli ndi mitundu ina ya matenda a chiwindi, simuli nokha.
Zimaganizidwa kuti pafupifupi awiri peresenti ya anthu ku United States akudwala matenda a chiwindi a B kapena matenda a hepatitis C, osatchula mitundu itatu. Chiwindi cha matenda a chiwindi chimayambitsa matenda kapena imfa chifukwa cha zizindikiro za matenda komanso mavuto omwe angayambe.
Padziko lonse, matenda a chiwindi (makamaka chiwindi cha hepatitis B ndi hepatitis C) ndi amene anapha anthu 1,34 miliyoni mu 2015. Kusapatsirana kwa chiwindi kumayambitsa matenda a chiwindi ndi khansa ya chiwindi , yomwe imayambitsa 96 peresenti ya anthu omwe amafa ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu uliwonse padziko lapansi. Bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO) linanenanso kuti imfa ya chiwindi cha chiwindi chawonjezeka 22 peresenti kuyambira 2000.
Kupewa ndi Kuchiza Akupita patsogolo
Ziwerengerozi zingamveke zochititsa mantha, koma zikuchitika patsogolo pakupewa ndi kuchiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda a chiwindi. Katemera tsopano alipo chifukwa cha hepatitis A ndi hepatitis B , ndipo popeza chiwindi cha hepatitis D chimapezeka pomwe matenda a hepatitis B alipo, izi zimangokhala ndi matenda a hepatitis C komanso hepatitis E omwe amafunika katemera kuti atetezedwe.
Kuwonjezera apo, kumvetsetsa bwino ndi kusamalira bwino zifukwa zomwe zingayambitse matendawa kungathe kuchepetsa mavuto ambiri.
Chikoka Chimafanane ndi Kukula Kwambiri
Musanakambirane nambala yeniyeni ndi ziwerengero, ndizothandiza kulankhula za momwe ziwerengerozi ziliripoti. Chiwerengero cha matendawa chimatanthawuza kuti matenda angapo atsopano a matenda amapezeka m'chaka china.
Mwachitsanzo, chiwerengero cha matenda a hepatitis A chaka ndi chaka chimatanthawuza chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi chiwindi cha A kutentha kwa chaka chimodzi pamalo enaake. Kufala kwa matenda, mosiyana, kumatanthauza chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi matenda. Izi sizikuphatikizapo anthu omwe amapezeka m'chaka china, koma omwe adapezeka kale koma akupitiriza kukhala ndi matendawa.
Palibe "Choipa Kwambiri" cha Hepatitis
Ngakhale kuti mitundu ina ya matenda a chiwindi amatha kufa kapena kuchititsa mavuto aakulu a nthawi yaitali, palibe mtundu umodzi wokha wa chiwindi umene umakhala woipa kwambiri kuposa wina aliyense payekha. Mwachitsanzo, ngakhale pali anthu ena ambiri omwe amafa ndi matenda a hepatitis B kuposa chiwindi cha hepatitis A, munthu akhoza kukhala bwino ndi hepatitis B kuposa chiwindi cha hepatitis A. Kuopsa kwa matendawa kumadalira pa zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala chabwino, kaya dziko lothandizira likukula, ndi zina zambiri.
Matenda a Chiwindi A
Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya matenda a chiwindi omwe angakhale ndi matenda aakulu, matenda a hepatitis A (komanso matenda a hepatitis E) amapezeka ngati matenda aakulu, kutanthauza kuti mutakhala ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda, sizitengera mizu m'thupi.
Mukhoza kutenga matendawa kapena kufa chifukwa cha matenda (ndipo anthu ambiri amakhala ndi moyo.) Matendawa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zizindikiro za jaundice, ngati khungu la khungu, ndi zizindikiro za chimfine zomwe zimatsimikizira nthawi, koma nthawi zambiri zimatha kutsogolera ku chiwindi kulephera ndi imfa.
Kuwonjezereka kwa hepatitis A ku US: Mu 2014, panali mazunzo 1,239 a hepatitis A omwe analembedwa ku United States omwe alipo pafupifupi 2,500. M'mawu ena, anthu akuyembekezeredwa kukhala ndi matendawa monga omwe ali ndi matendawa omwe amapezeka ndi kuwafotokozera. Chiwerengero chowerengedwa mu 2015 ndi 2,800.
Imfa ku US: Panali anthu 76 omwe anafa chifukwa cha hepatitis A ku US mu 2014.
Padziko Lonse: WHO akuyesa kuti Hepatitis A ndi imene inachititsa kuti anthu 11,000 afe mu 2015.
Momwe imafalikira: Hepatitis A imafalikira pamlomo, kudzera m'madzi kapena chakudya chokhala ndi kachilomboka. Nthawi yotulutsira nthawi, yomwe imakhala pakati pa kuyang'ana ndi kuyambika kwa zizindikiro, kawirikawiri ili pafupi masabata awiri kapena asanu ndi limodzi, ndipo kachilombo ka HIV kangapezedwe ndi kuyesa magazi.
Matenda a Chiwindi A
Matenda a hepatitis B akhoza kumvetsetsedwa bwino mwa kuthyola matendawa ku matenda opatsirana komanso matenda opatsirana.
Matenda opatsirana mosavuta: Pamene mukuyamba kudwala matenda a hepatitis B, zizindikiro zimawoneka pafupi masiku 45 mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Izi zimatchedwa nthawi yosakaniza. Pafupifupi 70 peresenti ya anthu adzakhala ndi zizindikiro ndi matenda aakulu a chiwindi cha hepatitis B.
Kwa anthu ambiri, makamaka achikulire ndi ana akuluakulu, kachilombo ka HIV kadzachotsedwa kuthupi pambuyo pa matendawa. Mosiyana, pafupifupi 6 peresenti ya anthu akuluakulu, 30 peresenti ya ana, ndipo pafupifupi 90 peresenti ya ana omwe amawonekera pobadwa sangathetsere kachilomboka ndipo adzakhala ndi matenda aakulu a chiwindi cha chiwindi. Anthu awa amaonedwa ngati zonyamulira popeza kachilombo ka HIV kamakhalabe m'magazi awo ndipo awo omwe amavomereza magazi awo akhoza kukhala ndi matendawa.
Chiwopsezo chachikulu cha hepatitis B ku US: Mu 2014 panali 2,953 matenda atsopano a hepatitis B omwe anauzidwa ku United States, koma akuti pafupifupi 19,200 atsopano anachitika (akuganiza kuti chiwerengero chenichenicho ndi 6.48 nthawi ya chiwerengero cha chiwerengero.)
Kufala kwa chiwindi cha matenda a hepatitis B ku US: Akuganiza kuti pali anthu 850,000 mpaka 2.2 miliyoni omwe akudwala matenda a chiwindi a B ku United States mu 2016.
Imfa ku US: Mu 2014 panali 1843 omwe imfa ya hepatitis B inalembedwa pa chiphaso cha imfa.
Padziko Lonse: Zimakhulupirira kuti anthu mamiliyoni 240 ali ndi kachilombo ka hepatitis B padziko lonse, ndipo anthu 786,000 amafa chifukwa cha zovuta za matendawa chaka chilichonse. Hepatitis B ndiyomwe imayambitsa chiwindi cha chiwindi padziko lonse lapansi.
Momwe imafalikira: Hepatitis B imafalitsa kudzera mwachindunji kwa magazi kapena nyemba zowonongeka ndi kachilomboka. Zizindikiro zimasiyana mofatsa kapena palibe njira iliyonse yopezera chiwindi ndi imfa. Chithandizo cha matenda oopsa kwambiri ndi chithandizo chochirikizira, ndi mankhwala monga mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso interferon omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda aakulu.
Kuchuluka kwa chiwindi cha chiwindi
Monga chiwindi cha hepatitis B, chiwindi cha hepatitis C chilinso ndi mauthenga aŵiri ovuta komanso osapitirira, ngakhale kuti chiwindi cha C chiwindi chimakhala chowopsa kwambiri kuposa chiwindi cha mtundu wa B kuti akhale matenda aakulu; anthu pafupifupi 55 mpaka 85 mwa anthu aliwonse amayamba kukhala ndi matenda a chiwindi cha matenda a chiwindi. Kutenga nthawi ya matendawa kumatha kusiyana pakati pa milungu iwiri ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ndipo pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya anthu alibe zizindikiro pakapita nthawi. Pafupifupi 90 peresenti ya matenda akuluakulu a chiwindi a C hepatitis C akhoza kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala opatsirana pogonana. Ngakhale pakadali pano katemera ulipo, kufufuza pa katemera kukupitirira .
Chiwopsezo chachikulu cha hepatitis C ku US: Mu 2014 panali 2,194 omwe anadwala matenda a chiwindi cha hepatitis C ku United States koma anthu 30,000 amawatenga.
Kufala kwa chiwindi cha matenda a chiwindi cha matenda a chiwindi ku United States: Zikuoneka kuti pakati pa 2.7 ndi 3.9 miliyoni anthu akudwala matenda opatsirana ndi matenda a shuga ku United States.
Imfa ku US: Mu 2014, matenda a hepatitis C adatchulidwa ngati chifukwa cha imfa pa zilembo zakufa za 19,659 ku US Ambiri mwa anthu omwe anamwalira ali pakati pa 55 ndi 64.
Padziko Lonse: WHO imayerekezera kuti anthu okwana 71 miliyoni ali ndi matenda a chiwindi cha mtundu wa C padziko lonse lapansi. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matendawa amakhala ndi khansa ya chiwindi kapena chiwindi, ndipo matendawa amachititsa anthu 399,000 kufa padziko lonse chaka chilichonse.
Momwe imafalikira: Hepatitis C, monga hepatitis B, imafalikira mwa kuwonetsa magazi kapena nyemba.
Chiwindi cha matenda a chiwindi
Matenda a hepatitis D (omwe amatchedwanso delta agent) ali ofanana ndi mitundu ina ya chiwindi, koma akhoza kuwatenga okha omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka hepatitis B. Matendawa ali ndi mitundu iwiri: Kutenga kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a hepatitis D ndi matenda a hepatitis B panthawi imodzimodzi, komanso matenda opatsirana pogonana, omwe matenda a hepatitis D amapezeka mutakhala kale ndi matenda a chiwindi. (ofanana ndi matenda a chiwindi a A hepatitis A), pamene kutentha kwakukulu ndi chiwindi cha D hepatitis D kumachita zambiri ngati hepatitis B ndipo ikhoza kuyambitsa matenda a chiwindi ndi imfa. Nthawi zambiri munthu amakhulupirira kuti munthu amene ali ndi matenda a hepatitis B akudwala mofulumira kwambiri.
Chiwindi cha hepatitis D ku US: Hepatitis D sizoloŵera ku United States.
Padziko Lonse: Zimaganizidwa kuti chiwindi cha D chimakhudza anthu pafupifupi 15 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi.
Momwe imafalikira: Monga hepatitis B ndi C, imafalikira mwa kukhudzana ndi madzi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndi umuna.
Chiwindi cha Epatitis E
Matenda a hepatitis E ndi ofanana ndi chiwindi cha A hepatitis A chifukwa ali ndi vuto lodziwika bwino ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi matenda ochepa. Komabe, monga matenda a hepatitis A, anthu ena amatha kupititsa chiwindi chachikulu cha chiwindi ( chiwindi chachikulu cha chiwindi ) ndi kufa ndi matendawa.
Chiwindi cha matenda a Hepatitis E ku US: Matenda a Hepatitis E ndi osowa kwambiri ku United States.
Padziko Lonse: Pali pafupifupi 20 milioni yatsopano ya matenda a chiwindi cha Edzi chaka chonse padziko lapansi, ndipo ndi vuto lalikulu ku East ndi South Asia. Mwa izi, 3.3 miliyoni akukhala zizindikiro zovuta.
Imfa: Anthu pafupifupi 44,000 anamwalira mu 2015 kuchokera ku matenda a chiwindi a E matenda padziko lonse. Zitha kukhala matenda owopsa kwa amayi apakati.
Momwe imafalikira: Hepatitis E imafalikira ndi njira yachinsinsi (chakudya ndi madzi owonongeka ndi ukhondo wosagwirizana ndi matenda a hepatitis A) ndipo kawirikawiri zimayambitsa zizindikiro za m'mimba.
Katemera Ntchito
Chifukwa cha chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lina la chiwindi, ndikofunika kudziŵa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matendawa. Kwa anthu omwe ali pangozi, katemera wa kachilombo A ndi hepatitis B, ndipo popeza chiwindi cha hepatitis D chikupezeka ndi matenda a hepatitis B, matenda ambiriwa angathe kutetezedwa ndi katemera.
Ganizirani Kuyesedwa
Popeza chiwindi cha C chiwindi chimakhala chowopsa pa nthawi yayitali, pali anthu ambiri omwe amanyamula matendawa koma sakudziwa. Ngati muli ndi zovuta zina , funsani dokotala kuti akuyese matendawa. Izi zikuti, anthu ambiri amayamba matendawa popanda zifukwa zooneka bwino zoopsa, ndipo panopa ndikufunika kuti aliyense wobadwa pakati pa 1945 ndi 1965 ayesedwe.
> Zotsatira:
> Zomwe Zingathetsere Kudwala ndi Kuteteza Matenda (CDC). Hepatitis A: Mafunso ndi Mayankho kwa Anthu Onse. Idasinthidwa pa November 2, 2017.
> Zomwe Zingathetsere Kudwala ndi Kuteteza Matenda (CDC). Hepatitis Yachilombo: Ziwerengero ndi Kuyang'anitsitsa. Kusinthidwa pa May 11, 2017.
> World Health Organization (WHO). Global Hepatitis Report, 2017 . Geneva. 2017.
> World Health Organization (WHO). Chiwindi cha chiwindi C. Idasinthidwa October 2017.
> World Health Organization (WHO). Hepatitis D. Idasinthidwa July 2017.