Kusunga Ana Athu Okhazikika ndi Olimba
Si mabanja onse omwe angakwanitse kubweza inshuwalansi yaumwini kwa ana awo. Mu 2015, ana 39 peresenti ya ana a zaka zapakati pa 0 ndi 18 anali olembedwa ndi Medicaid ndi Programme ya Inshuwalansi ya Ana ya Inshuwalansi (CHIP) . Ziwerengerozo zinali zochepa kwambiri kuposa 21 peresenti ya ana ku Utah mpaka kufika 53 peresenti ya ana ku Mississippi ndi West Virginia.
Pamodzi, ana pafupifupi 30.5 miliyoni anafuna thandizo la federal mu 2015 kuti akhalebe wathanzi komanso amphamvu. Kuyambira mwezi wa December 2017, chiŵerengero cha ana omwe anaphimbidwa chikuwonjezeka kufika pa 35.7 miliyoni.
Dziko lirilonse liri ndi malamulo ake payekha ndi zomwe zidzakambidwe, koma boma la federal limakhazikitsa mfundo zoyenera zomwe mwana aliyense wodalirika ayenera kulandira. Mwatsoka, sizinthu zonse zomwe zakhala zikukwaniritsa lonjezolo . Ndondomeko ya chaka cha 2019 ya Trump ikukonzekera kuchepetsa Medicaid ndalama pogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zothandizira . Ndili ndi ndalama zokwanira, mayiko angapeze kuti kuli kovuta kukwaniritsa zofunazo.
Kuyang'anitsitsa, Kufufuza, ndi Kuchiza Kwachiyambi (EPSDT) ndi pulogalamu yoperekedwa kwa ana ndi achichepere osakwanitsa zaka 21 omwe ali ndi Medicaid. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti pulogalamu iliyonse ya boma ikhale yofunikira kwa omwe amapindula nawo kwambiri.
Utumiki Wamano
Kupewa: Mankhwala osauka, kaya ndi obala mano kapena matenda, angakhale chizindikiro cha kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi kapena zosayenera . Matenda a mano amatha kuwapweteka, amachititsa kuti mwana asamadye, asagone, azigwira ntchito kunyumba kapena kusukulu. Kudzikuza kwawo komanso chitukuko chawo cha anthu angakhudzidwe ndi momwe amawonongera mano awo.
Kuwunika: Chigawo chilichonse chimapereka momwe angaperekedwere mano a mano nthawi zambiri, koma sangathe kuchepetsa kusamalira maulendo apadera. Ndondomeko yophimbidwa siyingakhale yosasinthasintha ngakhale. Iyenera kugwirizana ndi malangizo othandizidwa ndi akatswiri m'munda. Zochepa, chisamaliro cha mano a EPDST chiyenera kuphatikizapo kukonzanso thanzi la mano, kubwezeretsa mano, ndi kupweteka kwa ululu wa mano ndi matenda. Dziko lililonse lidzasankha zomwe ziyenera kuchitika m'magulu awa.
Kuzindikira: Mwana aliyense atsimikiziridwa kutumizidwa kwa dokotala wamazinyo molingana ndi ndondomeko yoyenera kufufuza. Komabe, ngati kafukufuku wamakono akukweza nkhawa kunja kwa ndondomekoyo, kutumiza kwa katswiri wamano ayenera kutsatidwa posachedwa.
Kuchiza: Dziko silichotsa njuchi ngati sililipira chithandizo china mwa dongosolo lake la Medicaid. Boma la federal likufuna kuti matenda aliwonse omwe amapezeka pa nthawi yoyezetsa EPSDT ayeneranso kuchiritsidwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti boma lirilonse liyenera kulipira chisamaliro chofunikira.
Kumva Utumiki
Kupewa: Kumva kutayika kwa ana, kaya anabadwa kapena kuwapindula, kungakhudze mphamvu ya mwana kupanga malankhulidwe ndi chinenero, kuchita bwino kusukulu, ndi kuyanjana pa chikhalidwe cha anthu. Kuzindikira koyamba ndi kuthandizira kungathandize ana awa kukwaniritsa zochitika zazikuluzikulu.
Kuwunika: Kuwunika kumene kumabereka kumene kumachitika nthawi zambiri kuchipatala pamene mwana wabadwa. Komabe, si ana onse omwe amabadwira m'mzipatala, ndipo ana ena ambiri amatha kukhala ndi vuto lakumva akamakula. EPSDT imafuna kuti ana pangozi yothandizira kumva (mwachitsanzo, mbiri ya banja, matenda a makutu , ndi zina zotero) ziziyang'aniridwa malinga ndi ndondomeko yomwe boma lirilonse linayesetsanso, ndikutsutsananso ndi ndondomeko zamalangizo. Ana omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zokayikira kumva akuyenera kufufuzidwa nthawi yomweyo.
Kuzindikira: Ngati munthu akuganiza kuti akuvutika kumva, kufufuza kovomerezeka kwapadera kumachitidwa ndi katswiri wamunda. Kuwonetsetsa kwa thandizo la kumva kudzathandizanso ngati atasonyezedwa.
Chithandizo: Medicaid ayenera kulipira mtengo wa mapiritsi a cochlear , zothandizira kumva , ndi zothandizira kumva, ngati ndizofunikira kuchipatala, ngakhale ngati sichipereka thandizo kwa anthu akuluakulu.
Yambani Kuyang'ana
Kupewa: Kuonekera kwa kutsogolera kumachitika kudzera mu mapepala a penti kapena madzi akumwa ndipo zingakhudze chithandizo cha m'mimba ndi chitukuko cha mwana. Mavuto amatha kudwala matenda a magazi ndi matenda a impso kumayendedwe ndi ma IQ otsika. Poyambitsa matendawa amatha kupezeka, mwamsanga mwanayo akhoza kuikapo pang'onopang'ono kuti awononge chowonongeko chomwe chingachitike ndi kuwatsogolera ku thanzi labwino.
Kuwunika: Ana onse oyenera Medicaid, mosasamala kanthu za chiopsezo cha kutsogolera kutsogolera , ayenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti atsogolere pa miyezi 12 ndi miyezi 24. Ngati kuyang'ana sikukwaniritsidwe pakati pa miyezi 24 ndi 72, izi ziyenera kuchitika nthawi imeneyo. Kuwunika kumachitika kawirikawiri pogwiritsa ntchito chiyeso chophweka chachitsulo ku ofesi kapena ku labotolo.
Kuzindikira: Kuyezetsa koyesa kutsogolo komwe kumayeza 10 mcg / dL kapena zambiri pa mayesero a fingerprick ayenera kutsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha magazi. Izi zikutanthauza kutengeka kwa magazi. Ana sangasangalale nazo, koma ndizofunikira kuti atsimikizidwe.
Kuchiza: Chithandizo cha poizoni wotsogolera chimadalira chelation mankhwala . Izi zimaphatikizapo kutenga mapiritsi omwe amamangiriza kutsogolo ndikukankhira mu mkodzo. Nkhani yoipa ndi yakuti si aliyense amene angalekerere zotsatira za mankhwala. Izi zingafunike kugwiritsira ntchito jekeseni wa chelation, EDTA, kuti muzitha kupha poizoni m'malo mwake. Mosasamala kanthu ka njira yowonjezeramo, Medicaid iyenera kuyendetsa mtengo wa chithandizo pa chikhalidwe chirichonse chomwe chikupezeka pansi pa EPSDT.
Mapulogalamu
Kupewa: Kutayika mu masomphenya kumayendetsa masewera. Mwana akhoza kukhala ndi amblyopia , yemwe amadziwikanso ngati diso laulesi, pomwe maso amodzi ali ofooka kuposa ena ngakhale kuti amagwiritsa ntchito makondomu okonza. Astigmatism imayambitsidwa ndi vuto la cornea lomwe limapangitsa kuti kukhale kovuta kuganizira ndi diso lomwe lakhudzidwa. Strabismus ikukula pamene minofu ya maso siilimbikitsana mofanana, kuchititsa maso kupatukana wina ndi mnzake kuti awoneke maso. Tisaiwale za masomphenya a maonekedwe ndi kuyang'ana pafupi . Mosasamala kanthu zomwe zimayambitsa vuto la masomphenya a mwana, kulephera kuthana ndi mavutowa kungabweretse zotsatira za nthawi yaitali.
Kuwunika: Pulogalamu iliyonse idzachita masewera olimbitsa pulogalamu yake pokhapokha ngati ikugwirizana ndi mayankho ochokera ku mabungwe odwala m'munda. Kuyesera kuyesera kungaphatikizepo tchati cha diso lolunjika bwino. Mwana aliyense yemwe akulimbana ndi masomphenya ake ayenera kufufuzidwa posachedwa, mosasamala kanthu kachitidwe kake ka dziko.
Kuzindikira: Kufufuza kwakukulu kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi akatswiri ovomerezeka kuti atsimikizire chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa masomphenya a mwana. Panthawi ino, njira zabwino kwambiri zothandizira mankhwala zidzatha.
Chithandizo: Medicaid ayenera kulipira makapu a maso ndi majekensi ngati akufunikira, koma pulogalamuyo siyenela kutsegula ma lens. Ena amanena, komabe, angaphatikizepo izi ngati phindu.
Huduma Zina
Kuwonetsetsa kwapadera kungapitilire pazinthu zatchulidwa pamwambapa. Ayenera kumaphatikizapo nthawi imodzi ndi nthawi ndi dokotala komanso kachitidwe kawochera ana. Pachifukwa ichi, pulogalamu ya EPSDT imaphatikizansopo izi:
- Maphunziro a zaumoyo, kuphatikizapo kupeŵa ngozi, kulingalira mwachidwi pa chitukuko cha ana, kupewa matenda, komanso kulimbikitsa moyo wathanzi
- Mbiri ya zaumoyo, kuphatikizapo mbiri ya kubadwa, mbiri ya chitukuko, kufufuza za thanzi labwino, ndi ndondomeko yambiri ya matenda ndi madokotala
- Katemera wotsimikiziridwa ndi Komiti Yolangizira Zopangira Katemera (ACIP)
- Mayeso a Laboratory, kuphatikizapo mayesero owonetsera kutsogolo
- Kufufuza mwakuthupi
Kuphatikizidwa pamodzi, mwana adzakhala ndi mwayi wabwino m'tsogolomu ngati tingapewe matenda, tigwire mwamsanga, ndipo titha kuchipatala musanatipweteke.
Mawu Ochokera
Amamiliyoni makumi ana a ana amalandira chithandizo chamankhwala kupyolera mu Medicaid. Chisamaliro chimenechi chimaphatikizapo kutenga nawo mbali pa gawo ndi pulogalamu yotchedwa Kuchedwa ndi Kuyang'ana Nthawi Zonse, Kuzindikira, ndi Kuchiza (EPSDT). Pogogomezera kuwonetsetsa ndi kuchiza koyambitsa matenda odwala, Medicaid ikhoza kuika mibadwo yathu yaying'ono pa njira yathanzi.
> Chitsime:
> Kuyambira Kale ndi Kuwonetsa Nthaŵi Zonse, Kuzindikira, ndi Chithandizo. Webusaiti ya Medicaid.gov. https://www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/benefits/epsdt/index.html.
> Chaka cha Ndalama 2019: Ndalama ya ku America. Office of Management ndi Budget. https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/budget-fy2019.pdf. Idasindikizidwa pa February 12, 2018.
> Inshuwalansi ya Zaumoyo ya Ana 0-18, 2015. Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. http://kff.org/other/state-indicator/children-0-18/?dataView=1¤tTimeframe=0&sortModel=%7B%22colId%22:%22Medicaid%22,%22sort%22:%22asc%22 % 7D.
> Medicaid Child ndi CHIP Kulembetsa Kwadongosolo mu December 2017. Webusaiti ya Medicaid.gov. https://www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/program-information/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data/report-highlights/child-and-chip-enrollment/index.html.
> Ndondomeko Yoteteza Katemera wa Ana ndi Achinyamata Azaka 18 Kapena Achinyamata, United States, 2017. Zomwe Zingakuthandizeni Kuletsa Kupewa ndi Kupewa Matenda. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/child-adolescent.html. Kusinthidwa pa March 6, 2017.