Exotropia ndi mtundu wa kusokoneza ife mumodzi kapena onse awiri akutembenukira panja. "Exo" amatanthawuza kutembenukira kumka ku kachisi.
Mitundu ya Exotropia
Ambiri omwe amachokera kunja amatchulidwa monga nthawi zonse. Nthawi zambiri exotropia nthawi zonse imakhudza diso limodzi lomwe linatsala. Anthu ambiri omwe amavutika ndi exotropia amakhala ndi exotropia.
Mu nthawi yapakati, nthawi zina diso limodzi likutha ndipo nthawi zina maso onse ali olunjika. Anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli nthawi zina amatha kudziwa ngati sakugwiritsa ntchito maso onsewo. Akamvetsetsa izi, ena amatha kusintha maso awo ndipo amawongola maso. Anthu omwe ali ndi ma exotropia osakanikirana angasonyeze kuti ndi ochepa kwambiri pamene sakumva bwino, akutopa kapena akumwa mowa.
An exotropia angaganizidwe kukhala osagwirizana kapena kusinthasintha. Mu umodzi wosasunthika, nthawi zonse ndi diso limodzi lomwe limatembenukira kunja. Pakusintha, exotropia ikhoza kusinthana pakati pa maso. Diso lamanja likhoza kutuluka pamene diso lakumanzere lili lolunjika, kenako likhoza kusintha ndipo diso lakumanja lidzakhala lolunjika ndipo diso lakumanzere lidzatuluka.
Amblyopia ndi vuto lachitukuko lomwe limagwirizanitsidwa ndi exotropia. Amblyopia ndi chikhalidwe chimene chimapezeka pamene wina kapena onse awiri sakuwona chithunzi chowonekera.
Ngati chithunzichi sichikuwonekeratu kwa nthawi yaitali, nthawi yowona masomphenya ingayambe. Mu exotropia, diso limodzi likhoza kutuluka. Pamene diso likutuluka, ubongo umalepheretsa kapena kunyalanyaza chithunzi chomwe maso amachiwona. Apo ayi, munthu yemwe ali ndi exotropia amatha kuona kawiri mosalekeza.
Ngati ubongo umalepheretsa diso limenelo kawirikawiri, njira yowonjezera ya ubongo wa munthu imasokonezeka ndipo imakhala yovuta. Mmene thupi la munthu limagwirira ntchito ndi "pulasitiki" mpaka zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri (14). Pambuyo pokhala ndi zaka 14, ubongo ndi manjenje zimakhala zovuta kwambiri ndipo zimakhala zovuta kusintha masomphenya kumbuyo. Choncho, mankhwala oyambirira ndi ofunikira. Ngati nkhanza zikuyambira ali wamng'ono, kusintha kwa masomphenya kumatheka.
Anthu omwe ali ndi exotropia ena samakhala ndi amblyopia kapena ayi amblyopia konse. Izi ziri chifukwa chakuti akusinthasintha, ubongo ukugwiritsira ntchito diso lililonse mwina nthawi ina. Chifukwa maso onsewa akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo amachititsa chidwi nthawi zina, amblyopia sichikulirakulira.
Komabe, njira yina yosankhira zochokera kunja ndi ngati munthuyo ali ndi zovuta zowonjezereka. Ngati mukuvutika ndi maganizo owonjezera, ubongo sukhoza kufotokoza mafano omwe maso awo amawona. Ngakhale maso onse atasonkhana pamodzi, munthuyo amavutika kusakaniza zithunzi pamodzi mu ubongo. Izi ndizofunikira momwe momwe exotropia imathandizira.
Zizindikiro za Exotropia
Zimakhala zachilendo kwa ana omwe amasonyeza zizindikiro za exotropia kuti agwetse kapena kuyang'ana diso limodzi, makamaka kuwala kapena kuwala kwa dzuwa.
Madokotala samadziwa kwenikweni chifukwa chake amachitira izi. Mwachiwonekere, chizindikiro china chidzakhala chimodzi kapena zonse zikuthamangira panja. Zovuta zazing'ono zazing'ono zingakhale zovuta kuti makolo awone. Zithunzi nthawi zina zidzasonyeza kuti kunja kuli kovuta kuona tsiku ndi tsiku moyo.
Kukhala ndi mbiri ya banja ndi chifukwa chofunikira kwambiri chokhazikitsa mayeso a maso kwa ana aang'ono, monga momwe msampha umasonyezera machitidwe okhwima omwe amachokera ku majini.
Zimene Muyenera Kudziwa
An exotropia akhoza kuyamba m'tsogolo mmoyo. Chimene chimapezeka nthawi zambiri ndi chakuti munthu nthawi zonse amakhala ndi chizoloŵezi chokhala ndi exotropia. Komabe, kuthekera kwathu kubweza ndi kuyang'ana maso kumagwira ntchito bwino pamene achinyamata.
Pamene tikukula, dongosolo lathu likhoza kuchepa ndipo diso likhoza kutuluka panja. Matenda aakulu monga matenda a mtima, shuga kapena zotupa za ubongo zakhala zikudziwika kuti zimayambitsa matenda omwe amabwera m'tsogolo.
> Chitsime:
Malangizo Othandizira Odwala Pachipatala, Kusamalira Wodwala ndi Strabismus: Esotropia ndi Exotropia, American Optometric Association, 243 N. Lindbergh Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63141-7881, 2011.