Zizindikiro ndi Chithandizo
Zimamveka zoopsa, koma dzenje lalikulu ndi dzenje mu diso lanu. Macula ndi malo apamwamba kwambiri a retina omwe amachititsa kuti tiwone bwino. Timagwiritsa ntchito macula ndi masomphenya owona kuti tiwone zinthu zambiri powerenga kapena kuyendetsa galimoto. Kawirikawiri zimachitika mwa anthu opitirira zaka 60, mabowo a macular angayambitse kutaya kwa masomphenya.
Zizindikiro
Mabowo ambiri amayamba pang'onopang'ono. Poyambirira, mungaone kuti mulibe malembo pamene mukuwerenga, kusokoneza masomphenya kapena masomphenya ofunika kwambiri mumaso. Mphepete mwachindunji ingawoneke yoweramitsidwa kapena yavy. Poyamba, mukhoza kukhala ndi masomphenya ochuluka omwe mukuwona masomphenya kapena muwona masomphenya omwe mulibe.
Zimayambitsa
Mbali ya kumbuyo kwa diso ili ndi zinthu monga gel wotchedwa vitreous. Vitreous imamangidwa ndi retina m'madera ena ndi timitengo ting'onoang'ono. Tikamakalamba, vitreous imayamba kuzimitsa komanso kugwa. Izi zikayamba kuchitika, vitreous akhoza kuchoka pa retina. Okalamba ambiri sazindikira izi (zomwe ndi zachilendo) koma anthu ochepa amadziwa " zowonongeka " zomwe zingalowe mkati ndi kunja kwa masomphenya awo. Mwamwayi, nthawi zina gelisi imachokera kutali ndi macula, nayenso, imayambitsa dzenje la macular. Nthawi zina, tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tomwe timagwirizanitsa ndi retina timatha kukoka macula ndikuyambitsa macular hole.
Madzi akhoza kusonkhanitsa ndi kuyambitsa masomphenya osokonezeka kapena ophwanyika.
Mitundu ya Macular Holes
Mabowo amitundu amagawidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kukula ndi kukula. Pali magawo atatu a phokoso la macular:
- Gawo 1 (macular cyst): Mng'oma watsopano wa macular nthawi zina amawoneka ngati chikasu chachizungu macular. Mpaka 50% ya macular cysts amatha kuchoka ndipo macula amabwerera ku chizolowezi.
- Gawo lachiwiri (kumayambiriro kwa macular hole): Phokoso limayamba kutenga mawonekedwe a oval, crescent kapena horseshoe. Masomphenya akuyamba kuchepa, kusokonezeka kapena kusokonezeka. Mpaka makumi asanu ndi awiri (70%) ya siteji 2 mabowo akupita patsogolo 3.
- Gawo lachitatu (utali wonse wa macular hole): Gawo lachitatu likufotokozedwa ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu. Anthu omwe ali ndi mabowo a masewero atatu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mavuto aakulu masomphenya. Gawo lachitatu la macular mabowo limatanthawuzidwanso ndi mzere wa minofu yapamwamba.
- Gawo lachinayi: siteji ya macular 4 yaying'ono yofanana ndi siteji 3 koma wodwalayo ali ndi mawotchi apamwamba.
Kuchiza kwa Macular Hole
Ngati mbola ya macular siimayambitsa matenda kapena maso ena, dzenje likhoza kuchiritsidwa ndi mwayi wodalirika wopambana. Mabowo akuluakulu komanso akuluakulu amachepetsa kuchepa kwa chithandizo chabwino.
Mabowo oyambirira a macular akuyang'aniridwa ndi optometrist kapena ophthalmologist. Dokotala wanu maso angagwiritse ntchito Grid Amsler kuti muwone masomphenya anu apakati. Dokotala wanu akuyang'anitsanso maso anu ndikujambula zithunzi za digito. Kachipangizo katsopano katsopano kamene kamatchedwa optical coherence tomography ingagwiritsidwe ntchito poyang'anitsitsa inu mwakuya kuti mutha kupita ku siteji 2 macular hole.
Gawo 2 kapena lalikulu macular dzenje amachiritsidwa ndi opaleshoni yochitidwa ndi katswiri wa retina.
Ambiri opaleshoni yokonzanso maenje a macular amayang'ana kuchotsa mavitreous ndikusandutsa mpweya wapadera. Mpweya uwu umakhala pamphepete mwa macula pamodzi kuti ulole machiritso. (Mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti mutenge mutu wanu pamalo omwe mumakhala nawo kwa maola angapo mpaka masabata awiri malinga ndi dokotala wa opaleshoni. Kafukufuku panopa akuyang'ana momwe sitepeyi ikufunira, chifukwa ndi kovuta kwa wodwalayo.)
Mawu Ochokera
Ngati mumapanga chingwe cha diso limodzi, muli ndi mwayi wokwana 30% wokhala ndi diso limodzi. Ngati muli ndi phokoso lamaso mumaso limodzi ndipo diso lina lili ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri, chitsimikizo chanu chokhalitsa chimbudzi china chimayamba kuchepa.
Ngati muwona kusintha kulikonse pakati pa masomphenya anu, onani dokotala wanu maso nthawi yomweyo. Kuzindikira koyamba ndi mankhwala a macular n'kofunika kwambiri kuti zotsatira zake zikhale zabwino.
Chitsime:
Sowka, Joseph W, Andrew S Gurwood ndi Alan G Kabat. The Handbook of Ocular Disease Management, Supplement for Review of Optometry, tsamba 35-36, 15 APR 2010.