Mapiritsi onse ophatikizidwa amakhala ndi estrogen (makamaka ethinyl estradiol ) ndi progestin. Mawu akuti progesin amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chinthu chilichonse chachibadwa kapena chopangidwa ndi munthu chomwe chiri ndi zinthu zofanana ndi progesterone yachilengedwe. Mosiyana ndi estrogen, pali mitundu yambiri ya progesin yomwe imapezeka mumagulu osiyanasiyana okhudza kulera. Mitundu yakale ya progestin nthawi zambiri imatchedwa mbadwo woyamba ndi wachiwiri pamene atsopano amatchedwa mbadwo wachitatu (ndi wachinayi).
Zikondwerero za Progestin:
Kuyerekezera estrogen ndi wosavuta chifukwa zonse kuphatikizapo mapiritsi ogwiritsira ntchito akugwiritsa ntchito mtundu womwewo wa estrogen; izi zimapangitsa kuti muzitha kuyerekeza mlingo ndi kuchuluka kwake. Kumbali ina, chifukwa mapiritsi amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya progestin (iliyonse yomwe ili ndi mphamvu zosiyana), zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kufanizira ma progesin pa mapiritsi. Kuchuluka kwa progesin yomwe imapezeka pamapiritsi oletsa kubereka ndi ofooka kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imatchedwa mamiligalamu (mg). Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngakhale ngati mankhwala awiri ali ndi mlingo womwewo, akhoza kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya progesin, kotero potency ikhoza kusiyana.
Mitundu ya Progestin:
Pali mitundu yambiri ya progestins , ndipo aliyense ali ndi mbiri yosiyana ndi progesational, estrogenic, ndi androgenic ntchito / kapena zotsatira. Zotsatira za zotsatirazi zimadalira kugwirizana kwa mtundu ndi mlingo wa progestin ndi mlingo wa estrogen.
Chifukwa mahomoni omwe amapezeka mu mapiritsi amtundu uliwonse ndi osiyana, ndipo chifukwa chakuti mkazi aliyense amatsatira mapiritsi mosiyana, malangizo awa sangagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa amayi onse. Kuti mumvetse bwino momwe progesin ingakhazikitsire, ndizothandiza kufotokoza zotsatira za progestin pa thupi lachikazi.
- Zotsatira za Progestational: Progestational zotsatira zimatanthawuza momwe progesin imathandizira ovomerezeka a progesterone (potero amathandiza kupewa kutsekula kwa ovulation ndi kuchepetsa kutuluka kwa msinkhu). Mawu ofanana ndi progesational selectivity, omwe ndi kuchuluka kwa momwe progesational zotsatira zimapindulitsa ndipo zotsatira za androgenic zimachepetsedwa. Kawirikawiri, cholinga cha piritsi yoletsa kubereka ndi kukwaniritsa msinkhu wa progesational selectivity.
- Zotsatira za Androgenic: Zotsatira za Androgenic zimatanthawuza mwayi woti progesin ingapangitse zotsatira zoipa. Majekesitanti omwe ali ndi apamwamba kwambiri a androgenic angathe kuwonjezera mwayi wa zotsatira zokhudzana ndi androgen zomwe zimaphatikizapo ziphuphu ndi hirsutism (kukula kwa tsitsi lachikazi losafunikira).
Komanso, progesin yomwe imakhala ndi zochepa zomwe zimachitika ndi androgenic zimakhala zochepa kwambiri pa thupi limagwidwa ndi thupi, momwe thupi limawonongeka ndikupanga shuga zosavuta kukhala timagulu ting'onoting'ono timene tingagwiritsire ntchito ndi thupi. - Zotsatira za Estrogenic: Estrogenic ntchito imakhudzana ndi ethinyl estradiol, mtundu wa synthetic estrogen wopezeka m'mapiritsi oletsa kubereka. Chiwerengero chapamwamba cha micrograms cha ethinyl estradiol chimayambitsa zotsatira zowonjezereka za isrogenic. Kuchuluka kwa ntchito ya estrogenic kumathandiza kuchepetsa zotsatira zokhudzana ndi androgen. Komabe, progestins amatha kugonjetsa zina za maestrogenic a ethinyl estradiol.
Chizindikiro cha Progestins:
Mapiritsi ophatikizako ophatikizira akuphatikizapo estrogen ndi progesin imodzi. Pali mitundu eyiti ya progestins. Zambiri mwa mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala ochokera ku testosterone (otchedwa 19-nortestosterone derivatives).
Mapiritsi omwe ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu (19) a nestestosterone angathe kupatulidwa m'mabanja awiri: estrane ndi gonane.
- Banja la Estrane (kawirikawiri, mbadwo woyamba wa progesin) liri ndi norethindrone ndi ma progestins ena omwe amagwiritsa ntchito norethindrone. Izi zikuphatikizapo norethindrone acetate ndi ethynodiol diacetate.
- Banja la Gonane : Mndandanda umenewu umagawidwa m'magulu awiri:
Mbadwo wachiwiri wamatsenga, omwe ali ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana za androgenic ndi estrogenic. Izi zikuphatikizapo levonorgestrel ndi norgestrel.
Gonanes atsopano, kapena progesins yachitatu; izi zimati zakhala ndi zotsatira zocheperako ndipo zimaphatikizapo desogestrel komanso sizinayambe.
- Drospirenone , progestin wotsiriza, ndiwowonjezera watsopano (4th). Drospirenone ndi progestin yodabwitsa chifukwa imasiyana ndi ena chifukwa imachokera ku 17a-spirolactone, osati kuchokera ku zotsamba za nortestosterone 19.
Kawirikawiri chibadwo chachitatu (ndi chachinayi) progestins chimakonda kukhala chosankha kwambiri ndipo chimakhala ndi minda yambiri ya androgenic. Izi zikuphatikizanso zovuta, deogestrel, ndi drospirenone. Pali umboni wina wosonyeza kuti m'zaka zitatu zapitazi pulogalamu ya progestins imakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha magazi .