Kuthetsa Cholinga cha Moyo Chopereka Chakupereka kwa Organ
Mphatso ya thupi ndi minofu ndi mphatso yomwe mumasiya ena mukamwalira. Ngakhale kuli kotheka kupereka ziwalo pamene mukukhalabe , nthawi zambiri zopereka zimachitika pa imfa.
Malingana ndi boma la US, anthu pafupifupi 85 amalandira ziwalo zosinthidwa tsiku lililonse. Ndiwo uthenga wabwino. Nkhani yoipa ndi yakuti anthu 22 ku United States amafa tsiku lililonse kuyembekezera chiwalo chomwe sichipezeka.
Panthawi iliyonse, pafupifupi 118,000 Achimereka akudikira mphatso ya chiwalo kapena thupi la munthu amene wamwalira.
Ovomerezeka ndi mamembala ndi mabanja a opereka ndi olandira amapeza chisangalalo pa kupatsa ndi kulandira. Wina amene amalandira chiwalo kapena minofu yatsopano adzakhala ndi moyo wautali komanso wathanzi, kapena kuti moyo wake udzasintha. Banja la wopereka nthawi zambiri limamva ngati chisoni china choferedwa ndi wokondedwa wawo chimachepetsedwa ndi kudziwa kuti moyo wa munthu wina wapindula ndi zoperekazo.
Pamene odwala amalingalira zokhumba zawo zokhutira moyo wawo , amafunikanso kuphatikizapo ziganizo zogwiritsa ntchito ziwalo, minofu kapena matupi awo onse. Mafunso ndi mayankho otsatirawa angakuthandizeni kupanga zosankha zanu.
Kodi matenda kapena zaka zimakhudza bwanji ziwalo zopereka?
Palibe zaka zapamwamba zowonjezera mphatso. Mosasamala kanthu momwe munthu wodwala amamwalira akamwalira, pangakhalebe mbali zina za thupi lomwe lingathe kuikidwa.
Ndizowona kuti matenda ena opatsirana amachititsa opanga chisankho kukana wodwalayo monga wopereka. Odwala akulingalira zopereka akulangizidwa kuti apange chisankho chopereka, ndipo alole akatswiri akuganiza pa nthawi ya imfa ngati chithandizo chikhoza kuvomerezedwa.
Kodi ndi mbali ziti za thupi la munthu zomwe zingaperekedwe pambuyo pakufa chifukwa cha kuikidwa?
Mbali zambiri za thupi la munthu zikhoza kuikidwa kwa anthu ena kuti apititse patsogolo moyo wawo , kapena kuwathandiza kuti apulumuke.
Mungapereke ziwalo zisanu ndi zitatu zofunika, kuphatikizapo mtima, impso, mapasitiki, mapapo, chiwindi, ndi matumbo. Mukhoza kupereka ziphuphu kuphatikizapo cornea, khungu, miyendo yamtima, fupa, mitsempha ya mitsempha, ndi minofu. Kusinthasintha kwa manja ndi nkhope sizodziwika, tsopano zikuchitika.
Ziwalo zanu ndi ziphuphu zanu zimapereka mwayi wokwana makumi asanu ndi limodzi (50) oyenera kubzala, monga bungwe la US Health and Human Services, kuphatikizapo ziwalo zofunika zomwe zingapulumutse miyoyo isanu ndi itatu. Zitsanzo zimaphatikizapo zizindikiro zowonongeka . Ngakhalenso ngati masomphenya a munthu amene amwalira sali angwiro, corneas yawo imatha kuyang'ana maso a omalandira. Khungu lopereka wathanzi lingalumikizidwe kuthandiza kuthandizira. Impso zatsopano zingalole kuti munthu amene ali ndi dialyse nthawi zonse akhale ndi ufulu woletsa mankhwala oletsa dialysi.
Nanga bwanji zopereka za thupi lonse?
Mtundu wina wa zopereka, koma mphatso yochuluka kwambiri, ndiwopereka thupi lonse. Pamene thupi laperekedwa kwa sayansi yachipatala, limapereka mwayi kwa madokotala ophunzira kuti aphunzire za kutuluka kwa thupi ndi matenda. Amathandizanso ochita kafukufuku kuti adziwe zambiri zokhudza matenda, momwe amayambira ndi kupita patsogolo, ndipo mwinamwake njira zina zomwe matendawa akanapewedwera kapena kuchiritsidwa.
Maunivesite azachipatala ndi ma laboratory ofufuza amayamikira kwambiri zopereka za matupi aumunthu. Ndalama zochuluka zimavomerezedwa, ngakhale matenda ena opatsirana angapereke mphatso. Pezani zambiri zokhudzana ndi thupilo lanu lonse mwa kulankhulana ndi koleji yophunzitsa maphunziro pafupi ndi inu, kapena imodzi mwa mapulogalamu a dziko lonse omwe amalandira matupi. Mabungwe awiri omwe angakhale othandiza ndi Anatomy Gifts Registry ndi Science Care. Kawirikawiri, thupi lanu kapena matupi anu atagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kufufuza kapena kuphunzitsidwa, pamakhala kutsiriza kwa kutentha ndipo zotsalira zimabwereranso ku banja.
Ndani angapeze ziwalo zanu zoperekedwa ndi ziphuphu?
Zosankha za yemwe angapeze ziwalo zathanzi ndi minofu ziyenera kukhala zabwino ndi zolinga. Ku United States, ziwalo sizingatheke kugulitsidwa kapena kugulitsidwa, ndipo ziganizo zokhudzana ndi omwe adzalandila ziwalo zatsopano zatsopano zimapangidwa malinga ndi momwe akufunira.
Bungwe lotchedwa UNOS (United Network for Organ Sharing) ndilo ulamuliro wonse wa momwe ziganizozo zimapangidwira. Iwo amakhala ndi mndandanda wa mayina a odwala, malo awo, ndi zosowa zawo. Pamene odwala akuyembekezera kudwala kuti ziwalo zikhalepo, mndandandawo umasinthidwa. Panthawi iliyonse, mukhoza kufufuza intaneti pa UNOS kuti muwone momwe anthu ambiri ku United States akudikirira ziwalo kapena ziwalo zina.
Nchiyani chimachitika pa imfa ngati inu mupereka bungwe?
Mukafera kuchipatala kapena malo ena, katswiri wamalonda adzaonana ndi wachibale wanu pafupi, kapena musanafe. Banja lanu lidzapatsidwa chidziwitso, funsani mafunso ngati mukufuna kupereka ziwalo ndi matenda, kapena thupi lanu lonse. Katswiri adzafufuza laisensi yanu yoyendetsa galimoto ndikulembetsa boma kuti muone ngati mwasankha kuti mukhale wopereka.
Banja lanu lidzakhala ndi nthawi yochepa kwambiri, nthawi zina mphindi zochepa mutatha kufa, kuti mudziwe ngati akufuna mphatsoyo. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndizovuta kuti mudziwe zofuna zanu kwa banja lanu pamene mukukhala ndi thanzi labwino kuti mukambirane.
Mudzakhalabe ndi manda otseguka ngati muli chiwalo, diso, kapena wopereka mankhwala. Thupi lanu lidzapatsidwa ulemu ndi ulemu pamene minofu ikukololedwa.
Kodi ndi ndalama zingati kuti mupereke thupi lanu kapena ziwalo?
Palibe mtengo kwa wopereka kapena banja la wopereka. Banja likufunikanso kubisa maliro a maliro. Ndalama zowonjezera zimatengedwa ndi odwala omwe amafunikira ziwalo kapena matenda.
Kodi pali zoletsa zachipembedzo kwa zopereka za thupi?
Zikhulupiriro zachipembedzo sizifukwa zambiri zokana lingaliro loperekera ziwalo, thupi, kapena thupi. OrganDonor.gov mndandanda wa zipembedzo ndi zikhulupiriro zawo zokhudzana ndi zopereka ndi kuziika. Zipembedzo ndi miyambo yambiri ya Chikhristu, Chiyuda, ndi Islam zimavomereza kupereka mphatso komanso zimalimbikitsa. Zosiyana kwambiri ndi Mboni za Yehova, Akristu Asayansi, ndi chikhulupiriro cha Shinto.
Kodi madokotala adzagwira ntchito mwakhama kuti apulumutse moyo wanu ngati akudziwa kuti ndinu wopereka chithandizo?
Izi zakhala mantha, mwina pogwiritsa ntchito mafilimu oipa kapena malingaliro openya, koma sizowona. Ndi imodzi mwa zikhulupiriro zambiri zomwe zafotokozedwa pa webusaiti ya United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS).
Madokotala ndi ogwira ntchito zachipatala ali ndi ntchito yoyamba kuonetsetsa kuti akupatsani moyo malinga ngati angathe, ndipo ngati banja lanu likufuna mutakhalabe ndi moyo. Zosankha zina zokhudzana ndi zopereka zikuchitika pokhapokha popanda chiyembekezo mungathe kukhala ndi moyo.
Kodi mumakhala bwanji gulu kapena thupi lonse wopereka?
Mungathe kulembetsa ngati wopereka bungwe ngati muli ndi zaka 18 kapena kupitirira. Pali njira ziwiri zolembera, pa intaneti kapena mwa-munthu pa dipatimenti ya galimoto yanu. Kenaka muyenera kudziwitsa banja lanu zomwe mukufuna . Pamene mukufotokozera zofuna zanu kwa abanja lanu, funsani kuti akhale thupi kapena opereka thupi, nawonso. Komanso, muyenera kukhala ndi malemba apamwamba . Pamene mukufotokozera zofuna zanu kwa abanja lanu, funsani kuti akhale thupi kapena opereka thupi, nawonso.
Ambiri amakulolani kuti musankhe ziwalo kapena zida zomwe mukufuna kupereka kapena kunena kuti ndinu wokonzeka kupereka chilichonse chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Mukhoza kusintha mkhalidwe wanu wopereka nthawi iliyonse, koma simukuyenera kuyambiranso. Kukhala mu boma lolembera ndi chilolezo chalamulo.
> Zotsatira:
> Mfundo Zokhudza Mphatso ya Mgwirizano. United Network for Sharing Sharing. https://www.unos.org/donation/facts/.
> Zopereka Zogwirizana Mafunso. US Department of Health & Human Services. https://www.organdonor.gov/about/facts-terms/donation-faqs.html.