Ndani ali woyenera ndipo muyenera kuyembekezera chiyani?
The cornea ndi mbali kutsogolo kwa diso lomwe limaphimba iris, wophunzira, ndi chipinda chamkati. Kuika phokoso, kapena keratoplasty (KP), kumaphatikizapo kuchotsa mbali yapakati ya cornea ndi kuikamo ndi minofu yoyera ndi yathanzi yoperekedwa ndi banki la maso.
Ngati mukuganiza kapena mwauzidwa kuti mukufunika kuika khungu,
Ndani Akufunikira Kuthandizidwa Kwa Korneal?
Masomphenya abwino amafunika kuti cornea ikhale yoyera, yosalala komanso yathanzi.
Kuwala sikungayang'ane bwino mkati mwa diso ngati cornea imawopsya, yotupa, kapena yowonongeka. Zotsatira zake ndizowonetseratu zozizwitsa.
Kuika khunyu kungafunikire ngati cornea yako yowonongeka kapena yopanda thanzi. Zilonda zamtundu wathanzi zimapezeka m'mabanki a maso ataperekedwa ndi anthu opereka ndalama. Ma corneas operekedwa amayesedwa bwino kuti atsimikizire kuti ali otetezeka komanso abwino kugwiritsa ntchito.
Nyuzipepala ya National Eye Institute inanena kuti pafupifupi 40,000 kusintha kwapadera kumachitika chaka chilichonse ku United States. Amafunikira maulendo angapo a diso, kuphatikizapo zotsatirazi:
- Keratoconus : Keratoconus ndi chikhalidwe chimene chimakhala chozungulira kwambiri chimakhala chochepa thupi ndipo chimapanga khungu.
- Mphuno yamakono: Zinthu zambiri zingachititse kuti cornea ikhale yotupa ndi mitambo, monga Fuchs 'dystrophy ndi pseudophakic bullous keratopathy. Pa milandu yoopsa, cornea ikhoza kukhala ndi mitsempha yaing'ono, yopweteka pamtunda.
- Matenda a Corneal: Matenda a cornea angakhale mabakiteriya, fungal, kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Matenda owopsa kwambiri amachititsa kufooka, kuponda, kapena kuperewera kwa cornea. (Herpes simplex ndi kachilombo ka HIV kamene kangayambitse kupweteka.)
- Kuchotsa mitsempha: Mavuto ena (dystrophies) amachititsa kuti cornea ikhale yosavuta kapena yosasintha.
- Kuvulala kwa Korneal: Kuvulala kwa cornea kungayambitse kupweteka kwa thupi komwe kungakhudze masomphenya
Katswiri wanu wamagetsi adzayang'anitsitsa mkhalidwe wanu mosamala kuti aone ngati mukufunikira kuika khungu.
Mitundu ya Kuphulika kwa Korneal
Mitundu itatu ya ziphuphu zamagetsi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito lero. Katswiri wanu wamagetsi adzadziwa kuti ndi njira iti yomwe ikuyenera kwambiri kwa inu malinga ndi chikhalidwe chanu.
Kutha Kwathunthu Kukonzekera kwa Korneal
Ngati zigawo zonse zamkati ndi zamkati ziwonongeke, cornea yanu yonse iyenera kuyimilira. Komanso kumatchedwa keratoplasty (PK) yowonjezera, kufalikira kwa khunyu kumaphatikizapo kubwezeretsa kutayira kwa khungu kapena kuwonongeka kwa nyamayi ndi khungu lomveka bwino.
PK imakhala ndi nthawi yowonjezereka poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya ma cornea transplants. Zitha kutenga chaka chimodzi kapena kutalika kuti masomphenya onse abwezeretsedwe. PK imakhala ndi chiopsezo chokwanira kusiyana ndi mitundu ina ya ziphuphu zakuthengo zomwe wopereka chithandizo cha cornea adzakanidwa. Nthawi zina kukanidwa kumachitika ngati chitetezo cha mthupi chimagonjetsa matupi atsopano.
Kuperewera kwapadera Kudzala kwa Korneal
Nthawi zina zigawo zapakati ndi zamkati za cornea zowonongeka ndipo zokhazokhazo ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Mapeto ake amatha kukhala m'malo.
Kuika izi kumatchedwa kuti "deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty" (DALK).
DALK imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira keratoconus kapena bulging ya cornea. Nthawi yobwezera pambuyo pa DALK ndi yofupika kuposa mutatha kuika khunyu. Kukana kornea yatsopano sikungakhalenso ndi chiopsezo kusiyana ndi kukwanira kwathunthu kokhala.
Endothelial Keratoplasty
M'maso ena a maso, mkati mwa cornea (endothelium) yawonongeka. Kuwonongeka kumapangitsa kuti cornea imve, kuwonetsa masomphenya anu.Kukhalitsa keratoplasty ndi opaleshoni yomwe imalowetsa mchere wa cornea ndi minofu yabwino.
Iwo amadziwika kuti kusakaniza pang'ono, monga mitsempha yokha ya mkati imalowetsedwa.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya endothelial keratoplasty: DSEK (kapena DSAEK) ndi DMEK. Endothelial transplants amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kumbuyo kwa cornea monga Fuchs dystrophy ndi fetous disease. Amapewa bala lalikulu la opaleshoni, limachepetsanso kusokonezeka kwa maso kuchoka ku astigmatism, ndipo limapereka chithandizo chofulumira kwambiri kusiyana ndi kupweteka kwa keratoplasty pazifukwa zina.
Mtundu uliwonse umachotsa maselo oonongeka kuchokera m'kati mwa khola la Descemet. Zowonongeka zowonongeka zimachotsedwa kupyolera pang'onopang'ono, kenako minofu yatsopano imayikidwa, nthawizina pogwiritsa ntchito zochepa. Ambiri a cornea sanasiyidwe, osachepera chiopsezo chokana cornea yatsopano pambuyo pa opaleshoni.
Asanachitike Opaleshoni
Mukasankha kukhala ndi phokoso lamakono, ophthalmologist wanu amathera nanu nthawi kuti akonze njira yonseyo. Tsiku lidzasankhidwa kuti uchitire opaleshoni, koma dziwani kuti tsikulo lingasinthe ngati munthu wabwino wopereka ndalama sapezeka pa tsikulo.
Katswiri wanu ophthalmologist adzafunika kudziwa za mankhwala omwe mumatenga, kuphatikizapo mankhwala ndi mankhwala osayenera. Mwina mungafunikire kusiya kumwa mankhwala musanakwane opaleshoniyo.
Mudzalimbikitsidwanso kupanga msonkhano ndi dokotala wanu wamkulu. Mudzafunsidwa kuti muyambe kuyesa ma laboratory monga mayeso a magazi ndi EKG kuti mutsimikizire kuti muli ndi thanzi labwino kuti muchitidwe opaleshoni. Dokotala wanu adzayang'ana maso anu ndi mayesero apadera kuti mutsimikize kuti diso lanu liri okonzekera opaleshoni.
Kumbukirani kuti simungathe kuyendetsa galimoto pambuyo pa opaleshoni yoika. Muyenera kukonzekera kuti wina akuyendetseni kunyumba atatha opaleshoni.
Pa Opaleshoni
Mwina amwenye kapena anesthesia ambiri angagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi zambiri. Dokotala wanu adzakambirana ndi inu mtundu wanji wa aneshesia omwe ndi abwino kwa inu. Mukangolowa m'chipinda chogwiritsira ntchito, maso anu amatsukidwa ndi kuphimba. Oxyjeni adzapatsidwa kwa inu ndi chubu la pulasitiki likuikidwa pafupi ndi mphuno zanu. Dokotala wa opaleshoni adzaika kachipangizo kakang'ono pa diso lanu.
Panthawi yonseyi, chida chozungulira chotchedwa trephine chimachotsedwa pakati pa cornea. Bulu la zopereka zoperekera mchere limadulidwanso kuti likhale loyenera. Minofu yoperekayo imasulidwa m'malo ndi sutures yabwino.
Mwinanso, madokotala ambiri opaleshoni tsopano akugwiritsa ntchito laser femsecsecond laser kuti adye mthupi la wodwalayo komanso minofu. Laser imalola kuti minofu idulidwe muzithunzi za zig-zag ndi pazitali zolamulidwa kuti zikhale zosavuta kwambiri. Izi zimapangitsa kuti thupi la wodwalayo likhale lopangidwa ndi mchere komanso wopereka chithandizo kuti agwirizane palimodzi ngati chidutswa chophweka.
Ndi zida zamtundu zomwe zimachitika ndi trephine, zingatenge miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena khumi ndi iwiri kuti ikhale yolimba ndi kupeza masomphenya abwino. Komabe, ndi laser femsecsecond laser, precision molondola amachiza mofulumira, kulola kuchotsa mwamsanga kuchotsa ndi masomphenya bwino.
Mu EK kapena endothelial keratoplasty ndondomeko, kokha kumbuyo kwa cornea kumalowetsedwa. Wodwala amachiza mofulumira kwambiri njirayi, popeza kuti cornea yonse siidzasinthidwa. Pambuyo pokonza njirayi, chishango cha diso chidzagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza diso. Mukatero mudzatengedwera kupita kuchipatala kuti mukakhale musanayambe kumasulidwa.
Pambuyo pa Opaleshoni
Diso nthawi zambiri limasindikizidwa paliponse masiku atatu kapena atatu. Dokotala wanu maso nthawi zambiri amakuwonani tsiku lotsatira ndikuchotsa chigamba cha diso. Iye adzapenda opaleshoniyo kuti ayang'ane machiritso ndi kuyang'ana kukana minofu, pogwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti RSVP monga chitsogozo:
- Kukonzekera - Kuwala kwadzidzidzi kumaso ndi chizindikiro cha kukanidwa.
- Utsitsimutso wa S - Kukanidwa kawirikawiri kumachititsa chidwi kwambiri.
- V ision - Kukana kungayambitse masomphenya, otupa kapena otupa.
- P ain - Kuwonjezeka kwadzidzidzi kwa ululu wa maso kapena kumva kwa thupi kunja kungakhale chizindikiro cha kukanidwa.
Pambuyo pa tsiku loyamba kapena lachiwiri mutatha opaleshoni, mukhoza kubwerera kuzinthu zachizolowezi monga kutsuka mano, kusamba, kugwedezeka, kuwerenga, kuyenda kapena kuonera TV. Kugwiritsira ntchito diso lako sikukupweteka maso kapena kumakhudza machiritso, koma muyenera kupewa masewera olimbikitsa kapena kukhudzana ndi nkhope kapena diso. Zikhoza kuperekedwa kuti mupitirize kuvala chishango cha maso kwa sabata yoyamba kapena ziwiri pambuyo pa opaleshoni kuti muteteze diso lanu usiku pamene mukugona.
Muyenera kukhala okonzeka kwambiri poika madontho m'maso mwanu monga momwe dokotala akufotokozera. Chimodzi mwa zigawo zofunika kwambiri pazomwe mukusamalira pambuyo pake ndikusunga malo anu onse a dokotala. Dokotala wanu adzafunika kudziwa ngati minofu imayamba kukanidwa. Mmodzi mwa anthu asanu ndi atatu omwe amawotchera akukumana ndi kukanidwa kwachitsulo. Ngati atagwidwa mofulumira, nthawi zambiri amatha kusokonezedwa ndi mankhwala.
Pambuyo pa miyezi ingapo, cornea idzakhala yosasunthika mokwanira kuti iyesedwe kwa magalasi atsopano a maso. Nthaŵi zina, mayendedwe a astigmatism kapena oyang'anitsitsa angayambe, koma magalasi a maso angathetsere vutoli mosavuta. Nthawi zina, pangakhale lenti yapadera yolumikizira kuti muphimbe kusokoneza kulikonse komwe kulibe pa cornea.
Mawu Ochokera
Kuwona kuti mukufunikira kuika khunyu kungakhale kovuta. Kukonzekera kwapakhomo ndi opaleshoni yaikulu ya maso ndipo ndibwino kuti muzidera nkhawa. Komabe, ndi zamakono zamakono, anthu ambiri omwe amatha kuponyera mankhwala amadzimadzi amakhala osasintha. Kuphunzira zambiri za zomwe zimachitika pakupaka mpweya kumabweretsa mavuto anu mosavuta.
Chitsime:
Boyd, Kierstan. About Corneal Transplantation. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Sep 2017.