Keratoconus ndi matenda omwe amachititsa kuti cornea ipitirire kunja. The cornea ndi zomveka, zomangidwa ngati dome pa mbali kutsogolo kwa diso. Patapita nthawi, cornea imakula kwambiri. Keratoconus ndi mawu achigiriki omwe amatanthauza "cornea yoboola pakati." Ndi mkhalidwewu, cornea imakhala yofanana, ndipo masomphenya amakhala opotoka kwambiri ndi osokonezeka.
Keratoconus amayamba kuwonetsa zaka zachinyamatayo ndipo amatha msinkhu wa zaka 40. Anthu sangadziwe ngakhale kuti ali nawo poyamba. Ngakhale kuti keratoconus nthawi zonse imaoneka kuti ikuipira diso limodzi, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochitika m'maso onsewo. Pamene keratoconus ikupita, masomphenya amakhala ophwanyika komanso osokonezeka. Masomphenya akufalikira chifukwa ngati ziphuphu zamakono zikupita patsogolo, kusagwirizana kosadziwika bwino ndi kusayang'anitsitsa kumachitika. Pamene chikhalidwe chimawonjezeka, kupweteka kwa khungu kungabwere, kuwonetseratu kuperewera kwa masomphenya. Odwala ena omwe ali ndi keratoconus amadziwa masomphenya akusinthasintha nthawi zambiri pamene ena amangowona kusintha kwa zaka.
Anthu omwe ali ndi keratoconus amadandaula kuti masomphenya samapindula kwambiri ndi makina a maso. Nthaŵi zina, cornea ikhoza kutsogolo ndipo imakhala yoonda kwambiri moti sichimawoneka bwino. Nthawi zambiri, cornea ikhoza kuchepa, kuwonetsa masomphenya ochepa kapena ngakhale khungu.
Zifukwa za Keratoconus
Chifukwa chenichenicho cha keratoconus ndichabe chinsinsi. Komabe, asayansi amakhulupirira kuti majini, chilengedwe, ndi mahomoni angakhudze chifukwa chake anthu ena amapanga keratoconus.
Genetics: Zimaganiziridwa kuti anthu ena ali ndi vuto la chibadwa limene limayambitsa mapuloteni ena mu cornea kuti akhale ofooka.
Nsaluzi zimagwira ntchito yokhala ndi cornea pokhapokha kukhalabe zomveka bwino. Mitunduyi ikakhala yofooka, nyamakazi imayamba kukula. Asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti majini amathandiza kwambiri keratoconus chifukwa, nthawi zina, wachibale amakhala ndi keratoconus.
Chilengedwe: Anthu omwe ali ndi keratoconus amakhala ndi chifuwa chachikulu, makamaka pa matenda opatsirana monga fever , asthma, eczema, ndi chifuwa cha zakudya. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti odwala ambiri amene amakhala ndi keratoconus amakhala ndi mbiri ya maso. Ena mwa anthu awa ali ndi chifuwa ndipo ena samatero, koma amayamba kupukuta maso awo. Zimaganiziridwa kuti diso lopaka masoli likhoza kuwononga ku cornea, kuchititsa kuti keratoconus ikule. Chiphunzitso china chodziwika kwambiri pa zomwe zimayambitsa keratoconus ndikumayambitsa matenda oopsa. Pazifukwa zina, anthu omwe amapanga keratoconus amachepetsedwa ndi antioxidants mkati mwa cornea. Pamene cornea ilibe antioxidants okwanira, collagen mkati mwa cornea imakhala yofooka ndipo cornea imayamba kuphulika. Kupsyinjika kwa oxidative kungayambitsedwe ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangika monga kusakaniza maso kapena nthawi zina, kutuluka kwa ultraviolet kwambiri.
Mahomoni amachititsa: Chifukwa cha msinkhu woyamba wa keratoconus, amalingalira kuti mahomoni akhoza kugwira ntchito yaikulu pa chitukuko chake.
Kawirikawiri keratoconus imakula pambuyo pa kutha msinkhu. Idawonetsedwanso kupititsa patsogolo kapena kupita patsogolo kwa amayi apakati.
Kuzindikira kwa Keratoconus
Nthaŵi zambiri, anthu omwe ali ndi keratoconus oyambirira amayamba kusokonezeka. Astigmatism imayambitsidwa ndi cornea yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe oblongola, ngati mpira, m'malo mozungulira, monga basketball.
Kornea yokhala ndi astigmatism ili ndi mizere iwiri, imodzi yamphepete, ndi imodzi yomwe ili yaikulu. Izi zimapangitsa mafano kuti awoneke asokonezedwa powonjezera kuwonekera momveka bwino. Komabe, odwalawa amakonda kubwerera ku ofesi yawo ya optometrist nthawi zambiri, akudandaula kuti masomphenya awo akuwoneka asintha.
Popeza kuti cornea imakhala yocheperapo, kuyang'anitsitsa kumayambanso kupezedwa. Kuyang'anitsitsa kumachititsa kuti zinthu zisokonezeke patali.
Madokotala a maso amayesa kuchuluka kwa cornea ndi keratometer. Akhoza kuona nthawi yowonjezera nthawi, ndipo kuyesedwa kwazomwe zidzasinthidwe. Munthu wolemba mapulogalamu oyendetsa makina ndi njira yowakometsera mapangidwe ndi kukula kwa cornea. Wolemba mapulogalamu ojambula zithunzi amapanga mapu omwe amasonyeza malo otentha kwambiri, mitundu yofiira ndi malo okongola m'mitundu yoziziritsa, yobiriwira. Topography idzawonetsa kuchepa kwa cornea. Nthawi zina zojambulajambula zidzasonyezeranso kuti zimakhala zofanana pakati pa theka la cornea ndi theka la cornea.
Pogwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wamaso, madotolo a maso amathandizanso kuyang'ana nyali zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito kachipangizo kameneka kamene kali kozungulira kamene kakuyang'ana khungu. Nthawi zambiri, odwala keratoconus adzakhala ndi mizere yabwino mumtunda wawo wotchedwa Vogt's striae. Ndiponso, pakhomo lachitsulo chosungirako zitsulo kuzungulira cornea likhoza kuoneka.
Chithandizo cha Keratoconus
Pali njira zingapo zothandizira keratoconus malingana ndi kuuma kwa chikhalidwe.
Maselo othandizira kuti astigmatism apangidwe: Kumayambiriro ka keratoconus, phula lofewa limatha kuvekedwa. Lenti yamoto ndi lens yomwe imakonza astigmatism. Lens ndi lofewa, koma liri ndi mphamvu ziwiri: mphamvu imodzi komanso mphamvu zosiyana 90 madigiri kutali.
Magetsi olemera omwe amatha kugwiritsira ntchito makalenseni: Pazigawo zochepa za keratoconus. Galasi lopanda mphamvu lopaka gasi limapangitsa kuti phokoso likhale lolimba, kotero kuti njira iliyonse yokhotakhota ikhoza kuphimbidwa. Pamene keratoconus ikupita, zingakhale zovuta kuvala galasi yowonongeka ya galimoto yokhazikika chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa mitsempha yambiri komanso kutuluka kwa disolo. Mitengo yambiri ya gasi yowonongeka ndi mapuloteni aang'ono, kawirikawiri amakhala ozungulira mamita 8 mpaka 10 ndipo imazungulira pang'ono ndi khungu la khungu.
Makalenseni othandizira osakanikirana : Makina opangidwira amtunduwu ali ndi lenti yapakati yomwe imapangidwa kuchokera ku gasi lolimba lopangidwa ndi chovala chozungulira chozungulira. Izi zimapereka chitonthozo chabwino kwa munthu wovala lens. Chifukwa chakuti likululi ndi lolimba, ilo limaperekanso masomphenya omwewo kuwongolera monga nthawi yowonongeka gasi yoyenerera ya lens.
Zojambula zamakono: Zilonda zamakono zamakono ndizitsulo zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zofanana ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyikirapo magetsi. Komabe, zilonda za scleral ndi zazikulu kwambiri ndipo zimaphimba khungu ndipo zimagwera pa sclera, mbali yoyera ya diso. Lala la scleral limapangika kwambiri mbali yaikulu kwambiri ya cornea, kuonjezereka chitonthozo ndi kuchepetsa mwayi wophedwa.
Kuphatikizana kwa Korneal: Kugwirizana kwa Korneal ndi njira yatsopano yomwe imathandizira kulimbitsa mgwirizano mu cornea kuti zithandize kusunga mawonekedwe ake. Ndondomekoyi imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito vitamini B (riboflavin) ku diso mu mawonekedwe a madzi. Kuwala kwa ultraviolet kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ku diso kuti likhale lolimba. Kuphatikizana kwamtundu wa corneal sikumachiritsa keratoconus kapena kuchepetsa kukula kwa cornea, koma kumalepheretsa kuwonjezereka.
Kuchulukitsa keratoplasty: Kawirikawiri, keratoconus imaipiraipira mpaka pamene pakufunika kuphulika. Pa njira yowonjezera ya keratoplasty , wopereka cornea amadziphatikizidwa kumbali ya pakhomo la wolandirayo. Njira zatsopano za laser zowonjezera kupambana kokakwera. Kawirikawiri, kusintha kwa thupi kumapindula. Komabe, kukanidwa nthawi zonse kumakhala kovuta. N'zovuta kufotokoza zotsatira za masomphenya a wodwalayo. Ngakhale kuika kwake kungapambane, wodwalayo angakhalebe ndi mankhwala apamwamba komanso kufunika kovala magalasi.