"Kodi sizodabwitsa," adatero Shakespeare mu Ado About About , "nkhosa imeneyo iyenera kutulutsa miyoyo kuchokera kwa matupi a anthu?" Zingwe za Elizabethan nyimbo ndi makanema a makina a makono amakono ali ndi cholinga chomwecho-kuphatikiza kodabwitsa kwa ziwalo zamagetsi ndi zizindikiro zamagetsi zimene zimapangitsa ubongo ndi malingaliro a munthu.
Kodi mafunde a mpweya amatha bwanji kusuntha maso athu?
Kodi munthu yemwe alibe maphunziro a nyimbo amadziwa bwanji ngati nyimbo zimamveka bwino kapena ayi? Nchifukwa chiyani nyimbo inayake ingachititse kuti abwenzi athu asangalale koma atisiye ife ozizira?
Nyimbo ndi Inu
Ndife ubongo wathu, ndipo zinthu zochepa zimatikhudza ife, ndipo chotero machitidwe athu amanjenje, monga nyimbo zingathe. Akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo mwachibadwa amadabwa ndi zodabwitsa zapadziko lonse ndi zochitika zapadera. Ngakhale zinyama zina, monga mbalame kapena nyulukazi, zimagwiritsa ntchito nyimbo poyankhulana, anthu ndi otentheka kwambiri ponena za kulenga nyimbo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito.
Njira imodzi yobweretsera mafunsowa ndiyo kuphunzira milandu yodabwitsa. Mwachitsanzo, anthu ena omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri la zilonda m'madera ena a ubongo amakhala ndi amusia-ndiko kuti sangathe kubweretsa kapena kuyimba nyimbo. Mu matenda osowa kwambiri oimba nyimbo, kuimba nyimbo zina (ngakhale nyimbo zabwino) kungabweretse matenda a khunyu .
Chibadwa cha Williams syndrome chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chidwi choimbira nyimbo, koma mphamvu zowonongeka m'madera ena amalingaliro.
Powerenga zochitika zapaderazi ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zofufuzira, asayansi akuyamba kumvetsa zinsinsi za nyimbo. Ena amaona kuti ndi bwino kugawunikira nyimbo kumagulu atatu: kuzindikira phokoso, kuzindikira nyimbo, ndikukumana ndi maganizo.
Kuzindikira Zomveka
Mafunde atangomveka akugunda pamtunda, dongosolo la mitsempha limayamba kupanga bungwe. Maselo aubweya mkati mwa khutu la mkati amamva makonzedwe kotero kuti maulendo otsika amachititsa maselo pafupi ndi pamwamba ndipo maulendo apamwamba amakafika pachimake. Bungwe ili limasungidwa ngati chizindikiro chikufalikira kudzera mu mtima wa ubongo mpaka mu mtima wa pakati pa thalamus. Kuchokera pamutu uno, zizindikiro zolembedwera zimatumizidwa ku chigoba cha ubongo pambali ya chiwonongeko cha nyengo.
Kuzindikira Music
Matenda ndi thupi la kuyimba kwa nyimbo sikumveka bwino ngati mfundo zozama zowona. Mbali iyi ya kuyamikira nyimbo imapezeka mu lobes ndi mtsogolo, mbali yatsopano ya ubongo yomwe imasiyanasiyana kwambiri kuchokera kwa munthu payekha. Zovala zapamwamba zimakhudzidwa ndi mtundu wotchuka wa machitidwe wotchulidwa ndi pulofesa wa nyimbo Joseph Waters, moteronso zimakhudzidwa ndi kuzindikira zoimbira zosiyanasiyana, nyimbo, ndi nyimbo.
Akatswiri ena asanthula momwe oimba amaonera nyimbo mosiyana ndi osakhala oimba. Kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti pakumvetsera nyimbo, mbali ya kumanzere ya ubongo imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi oimba kusiyana ndi osakhala oimba.
Mbali ya kumanzere ya ubongo imalingaliridwa kuti ndi yowonongeka kwambiri kuposa yolondola, kutanthawuza kuwonanso koyimbira kwa nyimbo mu omvetsera ophunzitsidwa bwino kwambiri.
Nyimbo ndi Chisoni
Ngakhale ma lobes apambali angathandize kudziwa ndi kuzindikira mbali zosiyanasiyana za nyimbo, pali nyimbo zambiri kuposa nyimbo zofufuza. Maganizo omwe nyimbo zimayambitsa ndi zomwe ambirife timabwerera kudzafuna zambiri. Chimodzi mwa zovuta za nyimbo ndikuti khalidwe la nyimbo silikugwirizana kwathunthu ndi zomwe takumana nazo. Mwachitsanzo, tikhoza kumvetsera zovuta kwambiri ndikukumva chisoni, pomwe panthawi imodzimodziyo timasangalala kwambiri ndi zochitikazo.
Kukhoza kwathu kunena momwe nyimbo zina zimalinganizidwira kuti tizimva kuti zikugwirizana ndi zaka zachitukuko kwa ana. Pamene ana amakula, amatha kugwirizanitsa makiyi akulu ndi masewero ofulumira ndi chisangalalo ndi zing'onozing'ono makiyi ndi kuyenda pang'onopang'ono ndi chisoni zimakhala zowonjezereka. Mbali iyi ya kuyamikira nyimbo yatsimikiziridwa ndi ntchito kumbali ya kumanzere ndi kumbali yotsatizana yotsatizana.
Timamva mphamvu ya nyimbo zina ndi thupi lathu lonse. Nyimbo zosangalatsa zimathandiza kuti ubongo ufike poyambira, malo opindulitsa omwe amathandizidwa ndi chikondi chachikondi ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Dera la ventral tegmental likugwira ntchito mu dera la neural lomwe limaphatikizapo hypothalamus, malo okhudza ubongo okhudzana ndi kayendedwe ka mitsempha ya thupi. Izi zingachititse kuwonjezeka kwa mtima, kusintha kachitidwe ka kupuma, komanso ngakhale "kukhumudwa".
Coda
Nyimbo ndizofunika kwambiri pa ubongo wathu. Nyimbo zimatikakamiza ngati makanda ndipo nthawi zambiri timakhala ndi ubwino wosokoneza ubongo pamene tikulamba. Zotsatira za nyimbo za anthu ndizokale. Umboni woyamba wa zida zoimbira za anthu unayambira zaka pafupifupi 50,000 kuchokera ku chitoliro cha fupa chomwe chinapezeka m'phanga. Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti chimodzi mwa zinthu zowunikira kwambiri zomwe angaphunzire za munthu wina zabodza chifukwa chokonda nyimbo. Pozindikira mmene ubongo umayendera nyimbo, akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo akuyembekeza kuphunzira zambiri zokhudza chimene chimatipangitsa kukhala wapadera komanso makamaka anthu.
Zotsatira:
Steven A Sparr, Amusia ndi matenda a khunyu. Malipoti Otsitsirana Masiku Ano ndi Sayansi ya Sayansi (2003) Volume: 3, Magazini: 6, Mapeji: 502-507
The Musical Brain: Nthano ndi Sayansi. Antonio Montinaro World Neurosurgery May 2010 (Vol 73, Issue 5, masamba 442-453).
Brandy R. Matthews, Chaputala 23 Ubongo wa nyimbo, Handbook of Clinical Neurology 2008; 88 (): 459-469.