Mafuta a Fluoride ndi Fluoridated Link to Matenda a Chithokomiro
Kutentha kwa madzi kumatanthawuza kuti Kuwonjezera kwa makina opanga mafakitale otchedwa fluoride - makamaka hydrofluorosilicic asidi kapena sodium silicofluoride - ku madzi, ndi cholinga chothandizira kuchepetsa mano. Zikuoneka kuti 70 peresenti ya madzi ku United States ndi fluoridated. Izi zikusiyana ndi mitundu yambiri yotchuka, kuphatikizapo dziko lonse la Japan ndi ambiri a kumadzulo kwa Ulaya, omwe alibe mapulogalamu a fluoridation.
Kusintha kwa madzi m'madzi ku United States kwakhala kulimbikitsana pakati pa anthu m'madera ena, ndi mikangano yamphamvu yomwe ikuchitika m'madera omwe akulingalira za kutentha kwa madzi, ndipo nthawi zina, olimbikitsa kuyesa kuyesa kusokoneza mapulogalamu omwe alipo.
Pa mbali imodzi ya nkhaniyi ndi asayansi opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa - kuphatikizapo akatswiri a mano ndi akuluakulu a zaumoyo - omwe amaumirira kuti kutuluka kwa madzi kumakhala kotetezeka. Malo awo ndi akuti fluoridation yamadzi - kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito fluoride mankhwala opangira mankhwala ndi pakamwa pamphuno - akhoza kuchepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zikhomo. (1) Malinga ndi American Dental Association (ADA), madzi otulutsa madzi amachepetsa kuchepa kwa dzino pofika 20 mpaka 40 peresenti. Otsitsimutsa madzi amanena kuti zotsatira zokhazokha zoipa za fluoridation ndizoopsa za mano a fluorosis, kutuluka kwa dzino zowononga dzino zomwe zimapezeka ndi maulendo apamwamba a kutuluka kwa fluoride, ndipo sizowopsa, ndiye vuto la zokongoletsa.
Dental fluorosis amayerekezera kuti ndi ochepa kuposa achinayi pa anthu aliwonse a zaka zapakati pa 6 mpaka 49. (3) Kuphatikizana pakati pa ma fluoride ndi fluorosis kunaphunzitsidwa, kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa fluoride kuwonetsetsa kungachepe kapena kuthetsa zotsatirazi. Mu 2006, komiti ya National Research Council ya anthu khumi ndi awiri (12) idagwirizana kuti chiwerengero cha 4 mg / L (fluoride) m'madzi amatsitsidwe.
Pambuyo pake, bungwe la World Health Organization linakhazikitsa chitsimikizo cha 1.5 mg / L wa fluoride m'madzi akumwa monga njira yotetezera fluorosis. (4)
Otsutsa fluoride amanena kuti madalitso a fluoride ali operewera ndi mndandanda wa zoopsa zaumoyo zomwe zimapita kupitirira fluorosis. Iwo amanena kuti zopindulitsa za fluoride zimakhala zokayikitsa, kuti kafukufukuyo sali wosatsimikizika (kapena ngakhale kusokonezedwa ndi mphamvu zamakampani a mano). Otsutsanawo amanenanso kuti kumenyana kwapakati kumachokera ku maonekedwe a pamwamba komanso kuti kumeza kwa fluoride sikofunikira. Amanena kuti kuwonetsa mopitirira muyeso sikungapewe pamene fluoride ili m'madzi komanso kuti kutulukira kwa nthawi kumathandiza kuti fluoride ikhale ndi thupi, komwe ingasokoneze ubongo, kuchepa kwa IQ, kuwonongeka kwa matenda, komanso kuwononga mafupa, pakati pa ena ambiri zotsatira za thanzi. (5)
Imodzi mwazovuta kwambiri ndi zotsatira za fluoride pa chithokomiro. Anthu ambiri sakudziwa kuti kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, mankhwala a fluoride amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo , pofuna kuchepetsa chithokomiro pa odwala hyperthyroid . Fluoride inapezeka yothandiza kuthetsa kapena kuchepetsa chithokomiro, malinga ndi kafukufuku, ndipo mlingo woyenera kuchepetsa ntchito ya chithokomiro inali yochepa - 2 mpaka 5 mg pa tsiku kwa miyezi yambiri.
(6)
Otsutsa madzi otulutsa madzi akuda nkhawa kuti ma fluoride omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira chithokomiro chochita kupitirira muyeso (1.6 mpaka 6.6 mg / tsiku) omwe amawerengedwa ndi anthu omwe amakhala m'madera omwe ali ndi madzi otentha.
Ngakhale kuti maphunziro angapo sanapeze chiyanjano pakati pa fluoride ndi matenda a chithokomiro, maphunziro ena (7) apeza kuti fluoride ingayambitse kusintha kwa chithokomiro, kuphatikizapo
- kuchepetsa ma T3
- kuwonjezeka kwa TSH
- Kukula kwa chithokomiro (goiter)
Kodi Matenda a Chithokomiro Ayenera Kutani?
Mtsutsano wa fluoridation wawopsya kwa zaka zoposa 50 ndipo izi zikhoza kupitilira mtsogolomu.
Ndi maphunziro opikisana ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi zokhudzana ndi chithokomiro zidzapitirira zaka zambiri, monga akatswiri kumbali zonse za nkhaniyi akulozera kufufuza komwe kumathandizira malo awo ndi zolinga zawo.
Pakadali pano, odwala a chithokomiro ayenera kuchita chiyani?
Monga chiyambi, mukhoza kukhala odziwa. Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza pro-fluoride, tsamba loyamba loyamba ndi tsamba la American Dental Association's Fluoride and Fluoridation. Chimodzi mwa magwero abwino kwambiri a zokhudzana ndi kutsutsana ndi kutuluka kwa madzi ndi Fluoride Action Alert, motsogoleredwa ndi Dr. Paul Connett.
Ndithudi, odwala a chithokomiro ali ndi mwayi wotsatila malangizo a ADA ndi Centers for Disease Control (CDC), ndipo akupitiriza kudya madzi otentha , ndipo amagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala opangidwa ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi fluoridated.
Komabe, ndizofunikira kudziwa za CDC chenjezo lokhudza kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala okhudzana ndi makanda omwe amadziwidwanso ndi madzi ofunika. Malingana ndi CDC, ngati mwanayo ndi yekhayo amene ali ndi chakudya chopatsa thanzi, "pangakhale mwayi wowonjezereka wa mafupa ochepa a mano. Kuti achepetse mwayi uwu, makolo angathe kugwiritsa ntchito madzi otsekemera otsika otentha nthawi zina kusakaniza mkaka wa makanda; madzi otsekemera amatchedwa kuti de-ionized, purified, demineralized, kapena distilled. " (8)
Mwinanso mutha kudziwa momwe Fluoride imayambira mu madzi anu. Mgwirizano wodalirika ku deta ya CDC, Fluoride Finder , ingakuthandizeni kudziwa mayendedwe a fluoride m'chigawo chanu.
Kwa iwo amene akuganiza kuti zodandaula zomwe otsutsa amatsutsa ndizovomerezeka, Richard Shames, MD, wolemba mabuku angapo pa matenda a chithokomiro , ndi dokotala wophatikiza ophunzitsidwa ku Harvard akuti:
Tikudziwa kuti 4 kapena 5 mg pa tsiku la fluoride ndi wambiri, koma vuto ndiloti palibe amene amadziwa kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akupeza. Anthu omwe amamwetsa ndikumwa madzi ochuluka, amasamba nthawi zambiri, amasambira m'madzi, ndi zina zotero kapena amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala odzola mavitamini kapena am'kamwa, amatha kukhala ndi fluoride mopanda kuzindikira. Chinthu choyamba chimene mungachite ndicho kusiya kumwa madzi odzola. Mudzasowa zambiri kusiyana ndi momwe carbon ikufunira zowonongeka madzi. M'malo mwake, mufunikira chosowa chokhachokha. Ndimaperekanso mankhwala osakaniza a fluoridated, omwe amapezeka mosavuta pang'onopang'ono kumalo osungirako zakudya. Ndikuzindikira kuti n'zotheka kuti ana osagwiritsira ntchito fluoride akhoza kukhala ndi zikopa zambiri, koma izi sizinatsimikizire kuti adokotala onse amakhutira. Ine ndikukhulupirira kuti ubwino wa fluoride, ngakhale kwa ana, watha kwambiri, ndipo zoopsa zimachepetsedwa. Kwa iwo amene amawona kuti akufunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangidwa ndi fluoridated kwa mano a ana awo, monga ndi nkhani zambiri zathanzi, kuchepetsa ndichinsinsi. Gwiritsani ntchito mochepa ndi kuyang'anitsitsa, ndipo musalole ana kuti azidya mankhwala omwe ali ndi fluoride.
Zotsatira
(1) Petersen, P. et. Mgwirizano wa WHO, " Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology , Voliyumu 32, Issue 5, tsamba 319-321, October 2004, Buku Lopatulika
(2) Association of American Dental Association, "Flouride & Fluoridation," Fact Sheet, www.ada.org
(3) Beltrán-Aguilar, E. et. Al. "Kukula ndi Kuopsa kwa Mankhwala Opatsirana Mankhwala ku United States, 1999-2004," NCHS Data Brief, Number 53, November 2010, Online
(4) Fagin D, "Zachiwiri zokhudzana ndi fluoride". Scientific American 298 (1): 74-81. January 2008
(5) Connett, Paul, "Zifukwa 50 Zotsutsa Kutentha, September 2012," Fluoride Action Network, Online
(6) Galletti P, et. al. 1958. "Mmene zimapangidwira pulogalamu yamadzimadzi yododomodayimayira ya hyperthyroidism Journal of Clinical Endocrinology," 18 (10): 1102-1110. 1958
(7) Susheela AK, et al. "Kuchuluka kwa fluoride ingestion ndi chithokomiro cha hormone derangements kwa ana okhala ku New Delhi, India." Fluoride , 38: 98-108. 2005. National Research Council. "Fluoride m'madzi akumwa: kufufuza kwasayansi za EPA." National Academy Press, Washington DC 2006.
(8) "Zowonongeka: Njira Yachichepere ndi Fluorosis," Zomwe Zimayambitsa Matenda ndi Kupewa Matenda, Online