Ngakhale sikutheka kuteteza khansa ya chiwindi, mukhoza kuchepetsa chiopsezo mwa katemera wa chiwindi B, kuyesedwa kwa chiwindi cha C, kuchita zachiwerewere, ndi kuchepetsa kumwa mowa. Zina zingathe kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu. Pamodzi, matenda a hepatitis B ndi matenda a hepatitis C amachititsa 85 peresenti mpaka 90 peresenti ya khansa ya chiwindi, motero kutenga njira zothetsera matendawa, ndi kuwafunsira mankhwala ngati alipo, ndi njira yabwino yothetsera chiwopsezo cha khansa ya chiwindi koma matenda ena ofanana.
Katemera
Mwamwayi, palibe katemera wa chiwindi cha matenda a chiwindi. Chitetezo cha hepatitis B , komabe, chilimbikitsidwa kwa ana onse ku United States ndipo amayenera sukulu kuti alowe.
Ngati ndinu wachinyamata, onaninso zolemba zanu zachipatala kuti muwone ngati muli ndi katemera wabwino ngati mwana. Ngati mulibe zolembazo, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu ngati mukupeza katemera wa hepatitis B kwa inu. Ena akuluakulu omwe sanatetezedwe angaganize kuti ali ndi katemera, makamaka ngati ali ndi chiopsezo chotenga matendawa.
Pakalipano akulimbikitsidwa kuti akatswiri onse azachipatala alandire katemera, komanso wina aliyense amene angakhale ndi magazi.
Zowopsa za matenda a chiwindi a B ziphatikizapo kukhala ndi anthu ambiri ogonana, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, odwala matenda opatsirana pogonana (kuphatikizapo kachilombo ka HIV), odwala matenda a chiwindi, ndi matenda a shuga omwe ali ndi zaka zosachepera 60. Chifukwa cha chiwindi cha hepatitis B kunja kwa United States, akuluakulu omwe anabadwira kutsidya lakutali ali pachiopsezo pamene kachilombo ka HIV kamasamutsidwa kuchoka kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana panthawi ya kubala kapena kuyamwitsa, nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa matenda aakulu.
Anthu ambiri omwe sadziwa kuti ndi ovuta kugwiritsira ntchito kachilombo ka hepatitis B , mosiyana ndi mavairasi monga HIV. Kugawana kabuku kake kapena kukhala ndi mabala aang'ono pa dzanja lanu ndi kugwiritsira ntchito kachipatala ndi chidziwitso cha magazi kuchokera kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi chiwindi cha B chikwanira chokwanira.
Pafupifupi anthu 95 mwa anthu 100 alionse amene amadwala matenda a hepatitis B amachotsa kachilomboka, ngakhale kuti amadwala kwambiri. Enanso 5 peresenti amakhala othandiza kwambiri matendawa. Iwo nthawi zambiri amadwala pamene adapeza ndipo mwina sakudziwa kuti matendawa amatha kuwonongeka (kuphatikizapo zomwe zimachititsa khansa ya chiwindi).
Kuyesedwa
Kuyesedwa kwa matenda omwe angayambitse khansa ya chiwindi kungapite patsogolo kuti agwire zoopsa izi kumayambiriro poyesa kuwaletsa kuti asapitirire motere.
Chiwindi cha Hepatitis B ndi C
Ngati munabadwira pakati pa 1945 ndi 1965, yesetsani magazi anu ku chiwindi cha chiwindi . Anthu ena omwe ali ndi zifukwa zoopsa, monga zomwe zafotokozedwera ku chiwindi cha chiwindi B, ayenera kuyesedwa.
Chiwindi cha matenda a chiwindi ndi chimene chimayambitsa khansa ya chiwindi ku United States, Europe, ndi Japan. Mgwirizanowu umagwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda a hepatitis B, komabe 40 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV sali ndi zifukwa zilizonse zomwe zingayambitse matendawa.
Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi (C), omwe amakhala ndi matenda a chiwindi (cerebral), amakhala osowa kwambiri kuposa omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi (B), ndipo 10 peresenti (30%) mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa amayamba kudwala matenda a chiwindi.
Vuto la hepatitis C linapezeka kokha mu 1989, ndipo kuyezetsa magazi komwe kunagwiritsidwa ntchito poika magazi kwa chiwindi cha C kokha kwakhala kochitika kuyambira m'ma 1990. Zomwe zikutanthawuza, ndikuti aliyense yemwe adaika magazi nthawi imeneyo asanakhale pangozi, choncho kuyesedwa koyesa.
Ngati zatsimikiziridwa kuti munthu ali ndi hepatitis C, mankhwala alipo omwe angathe kuthetsa kachilomboka kwa anthu opitirira 99 peresenti. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngakhale mutakhala ndi chitsimikizo, mutha kuteteza chiwindi komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya chiwindi.
Ngati zatsimikiziridwa kuti wina ali ndi chithandizo cha chiwindi cha B, pali mankhwala omwe angachepetse chiopsezo chotenga matenda a chiwindi (komanso chiwindi cha chiwindi).
Koma kuti muwoneke, muyenera kudziwa kuti muli ndi kachilomboka.
Kuyesa Hemochromatosis
Kukhala ndi mamembala m'banja amene ali ndi khansa ya chiwindi kapena yowonjezera chiwopsezo chanu, komabe ndikumakhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana osiyana siyana, ena omwe simukudziwa kuti mumatenga. Hemochromatosis - kutengeka kwambiri ndi kusungirako chitsulo chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a chiwindi, ndipo m'kupita kwa nthaŵi, khansa ya chiwindi-ndi imodzi mwa iwo.
Ngati muli ndi mbiri ya banja la anthu omwe anali ndi matenda a chiwindi (osati kansonga ya chiwindi) koma omwe sankamwa mowa kwambiri, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za kuyesedwa kwa matendawa. Anthu ena a m'banja lanu angayamikirenso, monga momwe chikhalidwechi chikudziwikiridwa kwambiri.
Palinso matenda ena a chibadwa, ngakhale kuti ndi ochepa kwambiri, omwe amachititsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya chiwindi. Ndikofunika kudziŵa mapangidwe anu a chibadwa kuti dokotala akhoze kukuyesani bwino kwa ena omwe angakhale okhudzana ndi khansa ya chiwindi kapena matenda ena.
Kugonana Kwatetezeka
Chiwindi cha hepatitis B ndi hepatitis C chingaperekedwe kugonana. Kugwiritsira ntchito makondomu mosalekeza kungachepetse mwayi wanu wodwala matenda a chiwindi komanso matenda ena opatsirana pogonana, kuphatikizapo HIV.
Ngati muli ndi chiwindi cha mtundu wa B, muyenera kulangiza mnzanuyo kuti atenge katemera. Ngakhale katemera utatha, makondomu ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Wokondedwa wanu akhoza kuyesedwa kuti awone ngati ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pambuyo pa mlingo womaliza.
Ngati mulibe hepatitis B, mukhoza kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu mwa kuchepetsa chiwerengero chanu chogonana.
Ngati muli ndi matenda a chiwindi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito makondomu. Ngati mwapatsidwa chithandizo, ndipo potsirizira pake muchotsa kachilomboko, mukhoza kusiya (ngakhale izi zikulangizidwa ngati muli pachibwenzi). Chiwindi cha matenda a Hepatitis C sichitha kufalikira kugonana kusiyana ndi matenda a chiwindi B, koma akadakalibe.
Kuchepetsa Kuledzera Kwa Mowa
Kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso kungayambitse kupweteka koopsa kwa chiwindi, matenda otchedwa cirrhosis. Ngati kumwa kumapitirirabe, vutoli lingapitirire kuchoka ku matenda a chiwindi (kutanthauza kuti chiwindi chikhoza kugwira ntchito mwakuya kwake) ku chiwindi (komwe chiwindi chimagwiranso ntchito).
Mfundo yofunika kwambiri ndi iyi: Cirrhosis imapangitsa kuti chiopsezo cha chiwindi chilephereke, ndipo kumwa mowa kwa nthawi yaitali (zoposa zakumwa zitatu tsiku ndi tsiku) zingakuchititseni chiopsezo cha khansa ya chiwindi. Ngati simungathe kuima, lankhulani ndi wothandizira zaumoyo za mankhwala omwe mungasankhe kapena kuwathandiza kuti mugwirizane ndi magulu monga Alcoholics Anonymous.
Kusuta Fodya
Ngati muli wosuta, ino ndiyo nthawi yoti musiye. Kuonjezera kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima, kupwetekedwa, ndi khansa zina, kusuta kungapangitse chiopsezo cha khansa ya chiwindi.
Kafukufuku wa 2018 anapeza kuti pamene kusuta kunachulukitsa chiwopsezo cha khansa ya chiwindi ndi pafupifupi 25 peresenti, kuphatikiza kuphatikiza kuphatikizapo kachilombo ka hepatitis B kunali kowonjezera kowonjezereka chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa chiopsezo. Anthu omwe anali kunyamula matenda a hepatitis B koma osasuta anali maulendo 7.6 omwe angakhale ndi khansa ya chiwindi, koma kwa iwo omwe anali ndi chiwindi cha mtundu wa B ndipo anali atasuta kale, pangoziyi inali 15.68 nthawi yochulukirapo.
Ngati muli inshuwalansi, ndondomeko yanu ya umoyo idzapindulitsa mtengo wosachepera umodzi wosuta fodya pachaka. Dipatimenti yaumoyo ya m'deralo ingaperekenso chithandizo chopuma chosuta fodya.
Kusamala Ndalama Yoyenera
Chiwerengero chachikulu cha matenda a hepatitis C (kuphatikizapo matenda ambiri a hepatitis B) amayamba chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (IDU). Popanda katemera kutetezera ku matenda a chiwindi (kapena HIV), njira yokhayo yopezera matenda a IDU ndi kuti asayambe mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena kuti asagwirane nawo singano ndi siringi. Izi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala, monga thonje, spoons, ndi zipangizo zina zophika.
Ngati mutasankha kupitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, muyenera kupeza njira zosinthira za singano zoperekedwa ndi akuluakulu akuluakulu a zaumoyo ndi a municipalities. Komabe, taganizirani kuti mankhwala osokoneza bongo amachititsa kuti munthu asatenge chiwindi koma akhoza kufulumira matenda a chiwindi-kutanthauza kuti chiopsezo chanu cha chiwindi ndi khansa chimakhala chozama kwambiri.
Vuto la khansa ya chiwindi yokhudzana ndi IDU sizimachoka. Kafukufuku wina wa 2018 anapeza kuti pakati pa 1990 ndi 2016, chiŵerengero cha padziko lonse cha khansa ya chiwindi chokhudzidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo chinapitirira kuposa katatu.
Kugawana zida za tattoo ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda (ndi mavairasi a chiwindi ndi HIV). Ngati mutenga chithunzi, onetsetsani kuti wojambulajambula amagwiritsa ntchito singano zatsopano. Ngakhale kuti ndilamulo ku United States kuti zitsulo zatsopano ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndibwino kuti muwone ngati zili choncho.
Kufufuza kwa Madzi
Madzi abwino akhoza kukhala magwero a arsenic, khansa yotchedwa kansajeni yomwe imadziwika chifukwa cha khansa ya chiwindi. Arsenic ikhozanso kuyambitsa kuwonongeka kwa impso, matenda a mtima, ndi mavuto a ubongo wa ana. Amatha kulowa pansi pamadzi pogwiritsa ntchito zachirengedwe m'deralo, komanso ngati mankhwala owononga tizilombo komanso mafakitale.
Arsenic m'madzi onse osatetezedwa apezeka m'madera onse a United States.
Ndithudi arsenic m'madzi abwino ndi otsika pa mndandanda wa zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya chiwindi, koma, kuwonjezera pa mavuto ena okhudzana ndi arsenic, palinso zifukwa zina zomwe muyenera kuyesa madzi anu abwino. Zowonjezera zina zingaphatikizepo zina zitsulo zolemera, mankhwala, nitrates ndi nitrites, ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono, zomwe zingapangitse zina zokhudzana ndi thanzi.
Chitetezo cha Kumalo
Anthu ena ali pangozi yowonjezereka yopezeka ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi khansa ya chiwindi chifukwa cha mtundu wawo wa ntchito kapena malo ogwira ntchito.
Mankhwala okhudzana ndi khansa ya chiwindi ndi awa:
- Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)
- Mankhwala osokoneza bongo (PFCs)
- Mabiphenyls a polychlorinated (PCBs)
- Benzo (a) pyrene (BaP)
- Acrylamide
- Vinyl chloride (imayambitsa angioscoma pachiwindi)
- Trichlorethylene
Zina mwa ntchito zomwe zingaphatikizepo zowonjezera izi ndi monga kuyeretsa wouma, woyang'anira galimoto, wogwira ntchito yopanga PVC, ndi ntchito iliyonse yomwe imayenera kugwira ntchito pafupi ndi asphalt kapena fumvu.
Olemba ntchito amafunika kupereka Zolemba Zachidziwitso Zachilengedwe (MSDSs) pa mankhwala alionse amene mungakhale nawo kuntchito. Ndikofunika kuwerenga ndikutsata zodzitetezera, monga kugwiritsa ntchito magolovesi, kupuma mpweya, ndi zina zambiri. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health ili ndi mndandanda wochuluka wa mfuti zomwe zingapereke zambiri.
Ngati muli ndi nkhawa zokhudza malo ogwira ntchito, mukhoza kulankhulana ndi National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (OSHA).
Kuchepetsa kulemera
Kunenepa kwambiri (kapena kukhala wonenepa kwambiri) sikunayanjane mwachindunji ndi khansa ya chiwindi, koma ndi chiwopsezo cha zinthu zingapo zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a khansa ya chiwindi.
Matenda omwe si oledzeretsa a chiwindi ndi matenda omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala okhudzana ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Matendawa akugwirizanitsidwa ndi chiwopsezo china chowonjezeka cha chiwindi cha chiwindi.
Mtundu wa shuga wa 2 ndi kachilombo ka khansa ya chiwindi. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2 ali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi khansa ya chiwindi katatu. Popeza mtundu wa shuga 2 umagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi kukhala wonenepa kwambiri, ichi ndi chifukwa chinanso chowonera kulemera kwako.
Ngati kutaya thupi kukuwopsya, kumbukirani kuti kutayika mapaundi asanu mpaka 10 kunapezeka kuti pali kusiyana kwakukulu pankhani ya thanzi labwino. Kutaya 7 peresenti ya kulemera kwa thupi kumawongolera momwe thupi lanu limagwiritsira ntchito insulini ndi kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa insulini.
M'malo mochepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chimene mukudya (pamene izi ndi zofunika), tengani kamphindi kuti mudziwe zomwe zimatengera kuti muchepetse thupi ndipo musalole kuti mukhale ndi mwayi wopambana.
> Zotsatira:
> Bungwe la Chiteteza. Zowononga Zomwe Madzi Amakhala ndi Zotsatira Zake. https://www.epa.gov/privatewells/potential-well-water-contaminants-and-their- zotsatira
> Erkekoglu, P., Oral, D., Chao, M., ndi B. Kocer-Gumusel. Hepatocellular Carcinoma ndi Zomwe Zingatheke Zachilengedwe ndi Zachilengedwe Zomwe Zimayambitsa: Kubwereza. Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology, ndi Oncology . 2017. 36 (2): 171-190.
> Liu, X., Baecker, A., ndi M. Wu. Kuyanjana pakati pa Kusuta fodya ndi matenda a Hepatitis Virus pa Kuopsa kwa Kansa ya Chiwindi mu Chinese Population. International Journal ya Cancer . 2018. 142 (8): 1560-1567.
> National Cancer Institute. Primary Primary Cancer Treatment (PDQ) -Health Professional Version. Kusinthidwa -2/06/18. https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/hp/adult-liver-treatment-pdq
> Yang, J., Zhang, Y., Luo, L., Meng, R., ndi C. Yu. Kufa kwa Mdziko Lonse Kulemedwa kwa Cirrhosis ndi Kansa ya Chiwindi Yopangidwira Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo, 1990-2016: Kuunika kwa Zaka Zakale ndi Kuwonetsa Kwambiri Kwambiri. International Journal of Environmental Research ndi Health Public . 2018. 15 (1): 170.