Ana amafunikira chitsulo mu zakudya zawo, chifukwa chake makolo ambiri amayesa kuonetsetsa kuti ana awo amadya zakudya zambiri zowonjezera tsiku lililonse. Popanda chitsulo, amakhala pa chiopsezo cha kusowa kwa magazi m'thupi .
Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani mukapeza chitsulo chambiri?
Mwamwayi, izi sizili vuto kwa ana ambiri, monga momwe thupi lawo limalamulira kuchuluka kwa chitsulo chomwe amamwa ndi kusunga. Koma ngati ali ndi hemochromatosis, matenda omwe amatha kulandira kuchokera kwa makolo a mwana, mwana akhoza kutenga zitsulo zochulukirapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitsulo chikhale chosungika mu chiwindi cha mwana, mtima, kapangidwe, ndi ziwalo zina.
Zizindikiro za Hemochromatosis
Zizindikiro, zizindikiro, ndi mavuto omwe amapezeka ndi hemochromatosis angathe kumaphatikizapo:
- kupweteka kwina (arthralgia) ndi nyamakazi
- kutopa
- kuchepa mphamvu
- kulemera
- ululu wamimba
- kupweteka tsitsi
- Matenda a mtima, kuphatikizapo matenda a mtima ndi kulephera kwa mtima ndi arrhythmias
- matenda a chiwindi, ndi chiwindi chachikulu (hepatomegaly), kupweteka kwa chiwindi, ndi chiwindi
- imvi kapena khungu la mkuwa
- hypothyroidism
- matenda a shuga
- kupanda mphamvu
- amenorrhea (kusowa kwa nthawi)
Ana ambiri omwe ali ndi hemochromatosis alibe zizindikiro zilizonse, komabe, monga zizindikiro sizikhoza kukhalira mpaka patapita nthawi mmoyo, monga chitsulo chowonjezera chimamangirira m'thupi lawo.
Kuzindikira Hemochromatosis
Popeza ana omwe ali ndi hemochromatosis nthawi zambiri alibe zizindikilo, zimakhala zovuta kudziwa. Chinthu chofala ndi chakuti wachibale wachikulire wapamtima amapezeka ndi hemochromatosis ndipo chifukwa chakuti ndi matenda a chibadwa, mamembala ena amayamba kuyesedwa.
Kotero mwana akhoza kuyesedwa ndi mwana wake wamwamuna ngakhale asanakhale ndi zizindikiro zirizonse, chifukwa cha mbiri ya banja lake.
Kuyeza kwa hemochromatosis kungaphatikizepo mayesero a magazi poyeza kuchuluka kwa chitsulo mu thupi la mwana, kuphatikizapo kufunafuna:
- Kutsitsa kokweza kokweza
- kotchedwa ferritin
- mpweya wa seramu wokwera
- kuchepa kwachitsulo kokakamiza kumanga mphamvu (TIBC)
Izi zimatchedwa gulu lachitsulo m'malabu ambiri.
Kuyezetsa magazi kwa Hemochromatosis
N'zotheka kuyesa ma genetiki kuti ayang'ane jini yolakwika (HFE gene) yomwe imayambitsa hemochromatosis, kuphatikizapo C282Y, H63D, ndi kusintha kwa S65C. Ana omwe ali ndi makope awiri a majeremusi a HFE omwe amatha kusintha amakhala ndi hemochromatosis (omwe ali pachiopsezo cha zizindikiro ngati ali ndi makope awiri ofanana mutated gene), ngakhale atakhala ndi jini imodzi yosinthika, ndiye kuti azitenga sichidzapezeka ndi zizindikiro za hemochromatosis.
Komabe, udindo wa kuyesedwa kwa majeremusi kwa ana ndizovuta kwambiri. Kumbukirani kuti American Academy of Pediatrics imati "kuchepetsa kufala kapena kufa chifukwa cha kuyesa kwa majeremusi sikunasonyezedwe muzinthu zambiri zomwe kuyesedwa koyambirira kumachitika," ndikuti "kudziŵa kuti chiwerengero cha chiopsezo chowonjezeka chingayambe kusokoneza maganizo a maganizo komanso, mwina, kusankhana ndi a inshuwalansi, olemba ntchito, kapena ena. "
Kawirikawiri, pazinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo hemochromatosis, amalimbikitsa kuti ayambe kuyesa ma genetic mpaka mwanayo atakula kapena atha kusankha bwino.
Chifukwa china chabwino chochotseratu kuyesedwa kwa majeremusi ndikuti anthu 50 okha omwe amayesa chithandizo cha hemochromatosis amakhala ndi zizindikiro.
Komabe, akatswiri a National Human Genome Research Institute akunena kuti "popeza matenda oyambirira amatanthauza kuchipatala koyambirira komanso kusamalidwa bwino kwa matenda, pangakhale phindu pozindikira ana omwe ali pangozi." Iwo amatsimikiziranso kuti "kuyesedwa kwa majini kumawoneka kuti ndi othandiza kwa mabanja omwe akukonzekera kukhala ndi banja."
Kawirikawiri, ana amafunika kuti awonedwe ngati akuyesera hemochromatosis ngati:
- Makolo onse awiri ali ndi hemochromatosis (mwanayo ali ndi hemochromatosis)
- Mayi mmodzi ali ndi hemochromatosis ndipo winayo ndi chonyamulira cha hemochromatosis (50% mwayi kuti mwanayo akhale ndi hemochromatosis)
- Makolo onse awiri ndi katundu wothandizira hemochromatosis (25% mwayi woti mwanayo akhale ndi hemochromatosis)
Pamene kholo silinapeze kuyesedwa kwa majini, mukhoza kulingalira kuti munthu ali ndi chiopsezo chokhala ndi majeremusi a hemochromatosis malingana ndi munthu wina m'banja yemwe ali ndi hemochromatosis:
- ngati azakhali anu kapena amalume ali ndi hemochromatosis, ndiye kuti mwayi wanu wokhala ndi majini a hemochromatosis ndi pafupifupi 1%
- ngati mmodzi wa makolo anu ali hemochromatosis, ndiye kuti mwayi wanu wokhala ndi majini awiri a hemochromatosis ndi pafupifupi 5%
- ngati mchimwene wanu kapena mlongo wanu ali ndi hemochromatosis, ndiye kuti mwayi wanu wokhala ndi majini awiri a hemochromatosis ndi pafupifupi 25%
Ndipo kumbukirani kuti akatswiri ambiri amavomereza kuti kuyesa kwa majini kusungidwira anthu akuluakulu omwe ali ndi anthu omwe ali ndi hemochromatosis, mmalo moyesera ma genetic pa ana a m'banja.
Komanso, ngati kholo limodzi liri ndi hemochromatosis ndipo kholo lina liri ndi mayeso ogonana ndipo limasonyezedwa kukhala loipa kwa majeremusi a hemochromatosis, ndiye kuti mwinamwake mwanayo sasowa kuyesedwa, popeza ali wonyamula chabe. Ngati kholo limodzi liri chonyamulira ndipo kholo lina liri loipa, ndiye kuti nthawi zina mwanayo akhoza kuyesa kuti awone ngati ayi kapena wonyamulira.
Mankhwala a Hemochromatosis
Chithandizo chachikulu cha hemochromatosis ndi mankhwala a phlebotomy, omwe wodwalayo ali nawo mwazi wawo (pafupifupi 500 ml) amachotsedwa sabata iliyonse. Popeza kuchuluka kwa chitsulo mthupi mwawo ndi mwazi wawo, uwu ndi njira yabwino yowonjezeretsa zitsulo zochuluka kuchokera mthupi lawo, zomwe zimapanga magazi ambiri.
Mankhwala ena angaphatikizepo mankhwala a chelation ndi deferoxamine ndi kuchepetsa zakudya zapamwamba zitsulo, mavitamini ndi chitsulo, vitamini C (zomwe zingapangitse kuyamwa kwa chitsulo), mowa, ndi nsomba zofiira (chifukwa cha chiopsezo cha matenda kuchokera ku mabakiteriya omwe ali m'nyanjayi) .
Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa Pokhudza Hemochromatosis Yachilengedwe
Zinthu zina zoti mudziwe zokhudza hemochromatosis ndizo:
- Hereditary hemochromatosis ndi vuto lodziwika bwino la ma genetic ndipo limapezeka kwambiri kwa anthu okhala kumpoto kwa Ulaya.
- Mmodzi mwa anthu 8 mpaka 12 ali ndi chithandizo cha hemochromatosis, koma popeza makolo onse ayenera kukhala zonyamula katundu, ndipo aliyense ayenera kupatsira mwana wake jeni ya hemochromatosis, chiopsezo cha hemochromatosis n'chochepa kwa ana ambiri.
- Ngati mwana ali pachiopsezo cha hemochromatosis ndipo mumasankha kulepheretsa kuyezetsa magazi, ndiye kuti mukuganiza kuti mukuyezetsa magazi nthawi zonse (zaka ziwiri kapena zisanu), kuphatikizapo serum iron, TIBC, transferrin saturation, ndi ferritin level, kuti muwonetsetse kuti ali Ndikulingalira zizindikiro zachitsulo chowopsa.
- Mitundu ina ya hemochromatosis imaphatikizapo mwana wamwamuna hemochromatosis ndi neonatal hemochromatosis.
- Chiwindi chimayesa kuchuluka kwa chitsulo chiwindi chiyenera kuchitidwa ngati mwanayo ali ndi kachilombo kapena hemochromatosis.
Katswiri wamatenda ndi / kapena gastroenterologist angakhale othandiza ngati mukuganiza kuti mwana wanu ali pachiopsezo cha hemochromatosis.
Zotsatira:
Heeney MM. Mankhwala otchedwa Iron homeostasis ndi matenda omwe amachokera ku chitsulo chosaneneka: Mwachidule. Hematol Clinic North North 01-DEC-2004; 18 (6): 1379-403
Hoffman: Hematology: Mfundo Zenizeni ndi Zomwe Zikuchitika, 4th ed.
National Human Genome Research Institute. Kuphunzira za Hemochromatosis Yachilengedwe. Inapezeka mu May 2016.
Nelson et al, Komiti Yachibadwidwe ya Amayi a American Academy of Bioethics: Malamulo okhudzana ndi kuyezetsa magazi m'thupi. Matenda (2001) 107: pp 1451-1455.