Kuyezetsa matenda a sitiroko kumafuna kufufuza mosamala komanso mwamsanga, nthawi zambiri mothandizidwa ndi sayansi ya zamankhwala. Ngati mwapezeka ndi stroke, kufufuza kwanu kungaphatikizepo zida zotsatirazi.
Kufufuza kwa Neurological
Mayesowa amachitidwa ndi dokotala kuti apeze ngati pali vuto mu ubongo zomwe zingatsimikizire kukayikira kuti munthu ali ndi matenda okhwima.
Gawo lirilonse la kafukufuku wamaganizo amayesa mbali yosiyana ya ubongo, kuphatikizapo:
- Kuzindikira ndi kuzindikira
- Kulankhula, chinenero, ndi kukumbukira
- Masomphenya ndi kayendedwe ka maso
- Kuthamanga ndi kusuntha m'maso ndi miyendo
- Maganizo
- Kuyenda komanso kulingalira
Computed Tomography Scan
Mayesowa amachitikira mu chipinda chodzidzimutsa kuti aone kuti akudwala matenda opweteka kwambiri .
Kuyeza tomato (CT) kumayeso ndi mayesero abwino chifukwa chaichi osati chifukwa chakuti amazindikira kuti magazi amatha kulowa mkati mwa ubongo, komanso chifukwa amatha kuchitidwa mofulumira.
Kuyeza kwa CT kungasonyezenso kukwapula kwachisokonezo, koma nthawi zambiri sangazindikire zikwapulo zachemesi mpaka kumapeto kwa maola 6 mpaka 12 mutangoyamba kumene.
Lumbar Puncture
Nthawi zina mayeserowa amachitikira mu chipinda chodzidzidzika pamene pali chikayikiro champhamvu chifukwa cha kupweteka kwa magazi. Chiyesocho chimaphatikizapo kulumikizidwa kwa singano m'dera la pansi pa mzere wa msana kumene kuli kosavuta kusonkhanitsa cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Pamene magazi akutuluka mu ubongo, magazi amatha kuwona mu CSF.
Maginito Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Imeneyi ndi imodzi mwa mayesero othandiza kwambiri pa matenda a stroke chifukwa amatha kuona zikwapu pakangotha mphindi zochepa. Zithunzi za MRI za ubongo ndizopambana kwambiri kwa zithunzi za CT. MRI yapadera yotchedwa magnetic resonance angiography , kapena MRA, imalola madotolo kuganiza kuti kuchepa kwa mitsempha ya m'mitsempha m'mabongo.
Transcranial Doppler (TCD):
Mayesowa amagwiritsa ntchito mafunde omveka kuti awononge magazi mwa mitsempha yambiri ya ubongo mu ubongo . Malo ofupika mkati mwa chotengera cha magazi amasonyeza kusiyana kosiyana kwa magazi kusiyana ndi malo opezeka. Malangizowa akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi madokotala kuti atsatire mtsogolo mwa mitsempha ya magazi yotsekedwa.
Ntchito ina yofunika kwambiri kwa TCD ndiyo kuyendera magazi kudzera m'mitsempha ya magazi m'malo mwa mliri wamagazi, chifukwa mitsempha ya magazi ili ndi mphamvu yowonjezera "vasospasm" yowopsa kwambiri komanso yowonongeka ya chotengera cha magazi chomwe chingalepheretse magazi.
Cerebral Angiography:
Madokotala opweteka amagwiritsa ntchito mayesowa kuti aganizire mitsempha ya magazi m'khosi ndi ubongo. Pachiyeso ichi, dayi yapadera, yomwe imawoneka pogwiritsa ntchito X-ray, imayikidwa mu mitsempha ya carotid, yomwe imabweretsa magazi ku ubongo. Ngati munthu ali ndi chitetezo chochepa kapena chokwanira mu imodzi mwa mitsempha ya mitsempha, kaonekedwe ka dye kangathandize kuthandizira mthupi lachilendo.
Chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a sitiroko ndi kupyapyala kwa mitsempha ya carotid, carotid stenosis, yomwe nthawi zambiri imachokera ku kolesterolini m'makona a mitsempha iyi. Matendawa angapezekenso ndi mayeso otchedwa Carotid Duplex, omwe mafunde amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa magazi kutuluka m'mitsinje iyi.
Malingana ndi kukula kwa zizindikiro komanso zizindikiro za munthu, opaleshoni angafunikire kuchotsa chipikacho kuchokera ku mitsempha yosokonekera.
Cerebral angiography ingathandizenso madokotala kuti azindikire zikhalidwe zotsatirazi zomwe zimadziwika kuti zimakhala ndi zilonda zam'mimba
Pambuyo pa matenda a sitiroko, nthawi zina, kuyesedwa koyezetsa magazi atsopano kumafunika kuchitidwa kuti mudziwe chifukwa cha stroke.
Electrocardiogram
Mayesowa, omwe amadziwikanso kuti EKG kapena ECG, amathandiza madokotala kuzindikira mavuto ndi magetsi oyendetsa mtima.
Kawirikawiri, mtima umagunda kachitidwe ka nthawi zonse, kamene kamalimbikitsa kuthamanga kwa magazi ku ubongo ndi ziwalo zina. Koma pamene mtima uli ndi chilema pamakono opangira magetsi, ikhoza kumenyedwa ndi nyimbo yosasinthasintha. Izi zimatchedwa arrhythmia, kapena kugunda kwa mtima kosayenerera .
Mitundu ina ya arrhythmias, monga matenda opatsirana pogonana, imayambitsa mapangidwe a magazi mkati mwa zipinda zamtima. Nthawi zina magaziwa amatha kupita ku ubongo ndikuyambitsa matenda.
Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE)
Mayesowa, omwe amadziwikanso monga 'echo' amagwiritsa ntchito mafunde omveka kuti awone zamagazi kapena zitsime zina za mkati mwa mtima. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuyang'ana zopanda ntchito mu mtima zomwe zingayambitse maonekedwe a magazi mkati mwa zipinda zamtima. Ma TTE amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuti afufuze ngati magazi amachoka pamilingo amatha kuyenda kudutsa mu mtima ndikufika ku ubongo.
Leg Ultrasound
Kawirikawiri madokotala amachita mayeso awa pa odwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Chiyesocho chimagwiritsa ntchito mafunde amphamvu kuti ayang'ane magazi m'mitsempha ya miyendo, yomwe imadziwikanso ndi mavuto aakulu a DVTs. DVTs ikhoza kuyambitsa zikwapu pakupanga ulendo wautali womwe umatha mu ubongo. Choyamba, chidutswa chaching'ono cha DVT chimachoka ndikupita kumtima kudzera m'magawuni. Kamodzi pamtima mitsempha yamagazi kuchokera ku dzanja lamanja kupita kumanzere kwa mtima kudzera pa PFO, kumene imatulutsidwa kudzera mu aorta ndi carotids kupita ku ubongo, kumene ingayambitse matenda.
Mayesero a Magazi
Kawirikawiri, mayeso a magazi amathandiza madokotala kuyang'ana matenda omwe amadziwika kuti aziwopsa kwambiri , kuphatikizapo:
Kuchokera
Bradley G Walter, Daroff B Robert, Fenichel M Gerald, Jancovic, Joseph Neurology pa zochitika zachipatala, mfundo zowunikira komanso kusamalira. Philadelphia Elsevier, 2004.
Kusinthidwa ndi Heidi Moawad MD