Kumvetsetsa Zinthu Zomwe Zimakhudza Mavuto Akupulumuka
Funso loyamba limene munthu angafunse akapeza kuti ali ndi kansa ya m'mapapo, ndi "Kodi moyo umakhala wotani?" N'zomvetsa chisoni kuti khansara yamapapo imadziwika kuti ndi yovuta kwambiri. Izi zinati, gawo 1 ndilo gawo loyambirira la khansa ya m'mapapo yosautsa ndipo anthu ambiri amakhala ndi moyo nthawi yaitali ndi matendawa. Tiyeni tiyang'ane zina mwazovuta zomwe zingakhudzire matenda anu komanso zomwe zikuchitika zomwe zikupulumuka.
Gawo I Lungula Khansa: Tanthauzo
Khwerero I khansa ya m'mapapo ndiyake yoyamba ya khansara yopanda mphamvu ya khungu yamapapo. ( Gawo 0 khansa yamapapo ndi sitepe yoyamba yowopsa ya kansa yamapapo kapena carcinoma in situ).
Ziphuphu zomwe zimatchulidwa ngati sitepe I zidasweka m'magulu awiri:
- Mapangidwe a khansa ya khansa ya m'magazi ali m'mapapu ndipo ali ndi masentimita 3 (pafupifupi masentimita inchi ndi theka) m'mimba mwake.
- Gawo la khansa ya khansa ya IB imakhala pakati pa 3 ndi 5 masentimita mwake ndipo ikhoza kukhala ndi) kufalikira ku bronchus, b) kufalikira mkatikati mwa mapapu, kapena c) mbali ya mapapo ikhoza kutentha kapena kugwa.
Gawo I Lungula Khansa Moyo Yopitirira
Popeza khansara yamapapu imadziwika kuti ndi amwano ndipo imakhala yosauka, funso la kupulumuka limabwera nthawi zambiri. Musanapitirize kupita patsogolo, nkofunika kudziwa kuti chithandizo cha khansa ya m'mapapo ikukula komanso kuti chiwerengero cha moyo wanu chikukula. Komanso, aliyense ali wosiyana.
Ndipo potsiriza, ziŵerengero zimatiuza momwe winawake anachitira kale ndi khansara yamapapo. Popeza pali mankhwala ambiri atsopano izi sizitanthauza kulingalira kolondola.
Mitundu Yomwe Imakhudza Katemera Wopewera Khansa
Zina mwa zinthu zomwe zingakhudze kufala kwa khansa yamapapo ndi:
- Mtundu wa khansara wamapapu ndi malo: Pafupifupi 85 peresenti ya khansa ya m'mapapo imatengedwa kuti ndi yopanda khansa ya m'mapapo ya khansa. Khansayi imakonda kufalikira pang'onopang'ono kusiyana ndi khansa yaing'ono ya m'mapapo , ngakhale khansa yaing'ono yamapapu ya m'mapapo imayankha bwino mankhwala a chemotherapy , poyamba poyamba.
- Malo a khansa yanu: Ngakhale kuti opaleshoni nthawi zambiri amachiza chisankho cha khansa ya mapapo 1, ena mwa zotupazi zili m'madera omwe opaleshoni amawopsa. Ngati opaleshoni sizingatheke, pali mitundu iwiri ya mankhwala omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi cholinga chochepetsera: thupi la stereotactic radiotherapy (SBRT) ndi mankhwala a proton. (Kupulumuka kuli bwino ndi VATS lobectomy vs SBRT).
- Mapulogalamu a maselo anu: Pakalipano tili ndi mankhwala kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda omwe amatha kusintha. Kuyeza majekeseni (ma genetic test) ayenera kuchitidwa kwa aliyense amene ali ndi khansa ya m'mapapo yopanda maselo. Mankhwala amapezeka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kusintha kwa EGFR , ALK rearrangements , ndi rearrangements za ROS1 , ndipo mayesero am'chipatala akuyesa chithandizo cha khansa ya m'mapapo ndi ma genetic ena. (Mankhwalawa samagwiritsidwa ntchito pa malo oyamba, koma alipo ngati khansa iyenera kubwerera kapena kufalikira).
- Zaka zanu: Achinyamata amakonda kukhala ndi moyo wautali kuposa anthu achikulire omwe ali ndi khansara yamapapo.
- Kugonana kwanu : Kuyembekeza kwa moyo kwa mkazi yemwe ali ndi khansara yamapapo ndi wapamwamba pa gawo lililonse la matendawa.
- Kukhala ndi thanzi labwino pa nthawi ya matenda: Kukhala ndi thanzi labwino pa nthawi yochidziwitso kumagwirizanitsa ndi nthawi yayitali ya moyo, komanso kuthekera kwakukulu kupirira mankhwala omwe angapitirize kukhala ndi moyo.
- Momwe mumayankhira mankhwala : Zotsatira za mankhwala zimasiyana pakati pa anthu osiyanasiyana, ndipo zimachepetsa kuthekera kwanu kupirira mankhwala.
- Zochitika zina za thanzi zomwe mungakhale nazo: Matenda a matenda monga emphysema kapena matenda a mtima angachepetse chiwindi cha khansa ya m'mapapo. Anthu omwe alibe COPD ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu kuposa omwe ali ndi matendawa.
- Kusuta: Kusiya kusuta fodya asanayambe kuchitidwa opaleshoni ya khansa ya m'magazi, ikuwoneka bwino kwambiri. Pakali pano, anthu ambiri omwe amayamba khansa ya m'mapapo samasuta, koma kwa iwo omwe amachita kumeneko pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ayenera kusiya kusuta , kuphatikizapo kupulumuka.
- Kumene mukuchitiridwa: Kafukufuku wochepa apeza kuti anthu amene opaleshoni ya kansa ya m'mapapo pa malo opanga opaleshoni (monga chipatala chophunzitsira kapena malo akuluakulu a khansa) ali ndi zotsatira zabwino.
Kuwonjezera pa zosiyana zonse zomwe zili pamwambapa pakati pa anthu, khansara iliyonse ndi yosiyana. Kuchokera ku ma molecular, ngati pali anthu 100 omwe ali ndi khansara yamapapanotopo mu chipinda, iwo amakhala ndi khansa 100 zosiyana pa maselo. Zosiyanasiyana za maselo amatha kukhala ndi khalidwe losiyana la zotupa.
Gawo Lomwe Ndimayambitsa Khansa Moyo Wotheka Kuchuluka
Kuwonjezera pa kusiyana pakati pa anthu osiyanasiyana ndi khansa yosiyana, nkofunika kukumbukira kuti mawerengero kawirikawiri amakhala ndi zaka zingapo. Mankhwala ambiri omwe alipo tsopano ndi khansa ya m'mapapo sizinali pozungulira pamene chiwerengerocho chinachokera. Mwachitsanzo, pali ma immunotherapy angapo komanso mankhwala omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira pa chiyambi cha 2015.
Pakali pano, kuchuluka kwa zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi makumi asanu ndi awiri (49%) kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mapapo ya IA ndi 45 peresenti kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kansa ya kansa ya kansa yochepa ya sepulo. Izi zikhoza kukhala zapamwamba kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansara yamapapo atadziwika poyesedwa okha ndipo akhoza kukhala ochuluka kuposa 90 peresenti.
Gawo Lomwe Ndimayambitsa Khansa ndi Kuopsa Kwambiri
Pambuyo pa chithandizo cha khansa ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapu, kuthekera kwa khansa ya m'mapapo kumakhalapo. Zimaganiziridwa kuti pakati pa 30 ndi 50 peresenti ya khansa ya m'magazi yambiri imatha kubwerera, ndipo mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa ngoziyi. Kubwereza kumachitika mwa njira imodzi:
- Kubwereza kumidzi kumatanthawuza khansa yomwe imabwerera m'mapapo, pafupi ndi chotupa choyambirira.
- Kubwereza kumidzi kumatanthawuza khansa yomwe imabwereranso m'matenda am'mimba pafupi ndi chotupa choyambirira.
- Kuchulukanso kwakukulu kumatanthawuza khansa yomwe imabwerera kumalo akutali m'thupi, makamaka mafupa, ubongo, chiwindi, kapena gland adrenal. Khansara ikamapita kumalo akutali imatchulidwa kuti khansa ya masewera kapena masitepe.
Mwamwayi, kansalu ya khansa ya m'mapapu yambiri imakhala kumalo akutali. Komabe ngakhale podzibwereranso, kupulumuka kumawongolera. Ndipotu, kupita patsogolo kwa khansa yamapapu kwaposachedwapa ndipakati pa matendawa.
Kufunika Koyesa Udokotala
Malingana ndi National Cancer Institute, aliyense amene ali ndi sitepe iliyonse ya kansa ya m'mapapo ayenera kulingalira kuti angakhale ndi mwayi wopita kuchipatala. Pachilombo cha nthendayi pakali pano pali mayesero ambiri poyang'ana zifukwa zomwe khansara yoyamba ikhoza kubwereranso ndi mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuchepetsa ngoziyi.
Mawu Ochokera ku Matenda a Khansa ya Lung
Zotsatira za khansa ya m'mapapo 1 yapamwamba ndi yapamwamba pazigawo zina za matendawa, komabe osachepera gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a zotupazi adzabwereranso. Mankhwala akukula koma palinso zinthu zomwe mungadzipangire nokha kuti mupulumuke . Funsani mafunso ambiri. Pezani lingaliro lachiwiri, makamaka kuchokera kuchipatala cha khansa chomwe chimapanga kuchuluka kwa ma opaleshoni awa. Gwiritsani ntchito gulu lothandizira khansa yamapapo kapena gulu lothandizira pa intaneti. Kukhala wothandizira payekha pa chisamaliro chanu cha khansa kumangowonjezera nkhawa koma kungakuthandizenso zotsatira zake.
> Zotsatira:
> American Cancer Society. Khansa Zolemba ndi Zizindikiro 2017. https://www.cancer.org/research/cancer-facts-statistics/all-cancer-facts-figures/cancer-facts-figures-2017.html
> National Cancer Institute. Mankhwala Osakaniza Amtundu Wambiri Wopanda Khansa (PDQ) - Health Professional Version. 03/31/17. https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/non-small-cell-lung-treatment-pdq#section/all.
> Wang, X., Janowczyk, A., Zhou, Y. et al. Kulosera kwa Kubwereranso Kumayambiriro Oyamba Mayi Osagwiritsa Ntchito Ndalama Kulimbana ndi Khansa Yogwiritsira Ntchito Kompyuta Yopangidwa ndi Zida za Nyukliya Kuchokera ku Digital H ndi Zithunzi. Scientific Reports . 2017. 7 (1): 13543.