Kuwonjezeka ndi Kukula kwa Khansa ya M'magazi ku United States
Mwinamwake mwakumva kuti khansara yamapapo ndi yomwe imayambitsa matenda a khansa ku United States ndipo amayi amodzi mwa amayi awiri ndi atatu mwa atatu aliwonse amakhala ndi khansa m'moyo wawo wonse. Koma ndi mwayi wotani kuti inu mutha kukhala ndi khansa ya m'mapapo? Zoonadi, mbiri ya kusuta imabweretsa mavuto, koma pali zifukwa zambiri za khansa ya m'mapapo kuposa kusuta.
Kodi ndizogwirizana bwanji ndi Khansa Yambiri ya Khansa ku United States ?
Poyankhula za khansa ya m'mapapo ndi kofunika kuti muzindikire koyamba khansa ya m'mapapo yamaphunziro kuchokera ku khansa yomwe imayambira m'madera ena a thupi ndikufalikira m'mapapo. Khansara zambiri zimafalikira kumapapo, monga khansa ya m'mawere, khansa yamtundu, khansara ya prostate, ndi khansa ya impso. Pankhaniyi, khansara ikhoza kutchedwa khansara ya thupi lomwe khansayo imayambira, metastatic mapapu. Mwachitsanzo, khansara yomwe imayambira m'mawere ndipo kenako imafalikira m'mapapu sikukanatchedwa khansara yamapapo, koma mmalo mwake imayambitsa khansa ya m'mawere m'mapapo. Nkhaniyi ikukamba za chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi khansara yamaphunziro oyambirira , osati kwa omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mapapo.
Ku United States, khansa ya m'mapapo imayambitsa imfa zambiri zokhudzana ndi khansa kuposa khansara iliyonse. Mu 2015 zikuyembekezeka kuti anthu 221,200 adzakhala ndi khansa yamapapo, ndipo 158,040 adzafa ndi matendawa.
Nthawi yowopsya kuti munthu adzalandira khansa ya m'mapapo ndi 1 pa 13, pamene amayiwa ali ndi 1 pa 16 . Khansa ya m'mimba imapereka 13 peresenti ya matenda onse a khansa ndipo 27 peresenti ya onse akufa khansa. Chiwerengero cha imfa za khansa ya m'mapapo mwa amuna chacheperachepa m'zaka zaposachedwapa, pamene amayiwo akhala akulimbitsa.
Amsinkhu wa zaka zomwe amatha kudziwa kuti khansa ya m'mapapo ndi ya 72, koma chifukwa cha zifukwa zosadziwika, chiwerewere cha khansa ya m'mapapo mwa achinyamata, osasuta fodya akuwonjezeka kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa.
Kodi Ndizogwirizana Bwanji ndi Khansa Yam'mimba Padziko Lonse?
Padziko lonse, khansa ya m'mapapo ndiyo khansa yowopsa kwambiri, yomwe ili ndi anthu pafupifupi 1.8 miliyoni omwe anapezeka m'chaka cha 2012 (chaka chatha chomwe tili nawo.) Kusuta ndilo vuto lalikulu la khansa ya m'mapapo pakati pa amuna padziko lonse lapansi, koma 50 peresenti ya khansa ya m'mapapo Azimayi omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mapapo padziko lonse lapansi sakhala akusuta.
Kodi Ndizogwirizana Bwanji ndi khansa ya m'mimba mwa anthu omwe amasuta?
Kusuta ndikooneka kuti ndizoopsa kwa khansara yamapapo ndipo imalingalira kuti ndi yochititsa kuti 80% ya khansa ya m'mapapo imapezeka ku United States. Ngozi imakula panthawi yomwe kusuta kumawonjezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa fodya tsiku ndi tsiku, chinachake chomwe chimatchedwa "zaka-pack" za kusuta . Kusiya kusuta kumachepetsa chiopsezo, ndipo kuchoka pambuyo pozindikira kuti khansa ya m'mapapo imapangitsa kuti munthu apulumuke komanso akhale ndi moyo wabwino.
Pali deta pang'ono yolekanitsa vuto la khansa ya m'mapapo pakati pa osuta ndi osuta fodya ku US, koma maphunziro m'mayiko ena ayesa izi mozama.
M'chaka cha 2006 ku Ulaya, chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mapapo chinali:
- 0.2 peresenti kwa amuna omwe sanasute (0,4 peresenti ya akazi)
- 5.5 peresenti ya amuna omwe poyamba ankasuta (2,6 peresenti ya akazi)
- 15,9 peresenti ya anthu omwe amasuta fodya (9.5 peresenti ya akazi)
- 24,4 peresenti ya amuna "osuta fodya" amatanthawuza kusuta fodya kuposa fodya 5 patsiku (18.5 peresenti ya akazi)
Kafukufuku wakale wa ku Canada anagwiritsira ntchito pangozi ya moyo wa amuna osuta fodya pa 17.2 peresenti (11,6 peresenti ya akazi) poyerekeza ndi 1.3 peresenti yokha pa amuna osasuta (1.4 [peresenti mwa akazi osakhala fodya].
Kodi Ndizogwirizana Bwanji ndi khansa ya m'magazi ku Non-Smokers?
Imodzi mwa nthano zapampingo 10 za khansa ya m'mapapo ndi khansa ya m'mapapo imapezeka mwa anthu omwe amasuta.
Izo si zoona. Ndipotu, khansa ya m'mapapo mwa anthu omwe sanasutepo ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda a khansa ku United States. Pakali pano, anthu ambiri omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi osuta fodya-amatanthauza kuti ankasuta kale ndi kusiya (omwe poyamba ankasuta fodya,) kapena osasuta.
Pafupifupi 10-15 peresenti ya anthu omwe amakhala ndi kansa ya m'mapapo sakhala akusuta, ndipo 20 peresenti ya amayi omwe ali ndi kansa ya m'mapapo ndi osakhala fodya nthawi zonse. Iyi ndi mfundo yofunikira kwambiri: Aliyense yemwe ali ndi mapapo akhoza kutenga khansa ya m'mapapo. Taonani zina mwazifukwa za khansa ya m'mapapo mwa osuta fodya , makamaka pangozi yowonongeka kwa radon m'nyumba , kuti muone zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu.
Kodi Pali Ochuluka Ambiri Omwe Angapulumutsidwe ndi Khansa Kumeneko ku United States?
Kuyambira pa January 1, 2014, panali anthu 430,090 odwala khansa ya m'mapapo okhala ku United States, omwe amaimira 3 peresenti ya amayi omwe ali ndi khansa komanso 3 peresenti ya amuna omwe ali ndi khansa. Kwa zaka zingapo zapitazo, pakhala chitukuko chachikulu pa matenda ndi khansa ya m'mapapo, ndipo akuyembekeza kuti chiwerengero cha anthu omwe adzapulumuka ndi kupitirira khansa yamapapu chidzapita patsogolo kwambiri.
> Zotsatira:
> American Cancer Society. Kuchiza Khansa ndi Zomwe Zidzapulumutse ndi 2014-2015. Inapezeka pa 08/19/15. http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content/@research/documents/document/acspc-042801.pdf
> American Cancer Society. Kansa Yam'mimba (Cell Osapang'ono). Kusinthidwa 03/04/15. http://www.cancer.org/cancer/lungcancer-non-smallcell/detailedguide/non-small-cell-lung-cancer-key-statistics
> Brennan, P. et al. Kuopsa Kowonjezereka kwa Khansa Yam'mimba Imfa pakati pa osuta ndi osasuta ku Central ndi Eastern Europe. American Journal of Epidemiology . 2006. 164 (12): 1233-1241.
> Villeneuve, P. ndi U. Mao. Mpata wamoyo wa kukhala ndi khansa ya m'mapapo, mwa kusuta fodya, Canada. Magazini ya Canadian Health Public . 1994. 85 (6): 385-8.
> World Cancer Research Fund International. Mawerengedwe a Khansa Yam'mimba. Inapezeka pa 08/30/15. http://www.wcrf.org/int/cancer-facts-figures/data-specific-cancers/lung-cancer-statistics