Phokosoli ndi thumba lopanda pake lomwe limanyamula chakudya ndi zakumwa kuchokera mmero mpaka kumimba. Mphuno imadutsa pakati pa chifuwa, malo omwe amatchedwa mediastinum . Mapangidwe ndi ntchito zake ndi ziti, ndipo ndizochitika zotani zachipatala zomwe zingakhudze chiwonongeko?
Chikhalidwe
Mphuno imayamba pammero (pharynx) ndipo imapita kumimba, kudutsa muzeng'onoting'ono.
Kutalika kawirikawiri kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 25 (9 mpaka 10 mainchesi) mwa akuluakulu. Amadutsa m'mbuyo mwa trachea (windpipe) ndi kutsogolo kwa msana.
Pali 2 sphincters (malo omwe angathe kutsegulidwa ndi kutsekedwa) pamtunda.
- The upper esophageal sphincter (UES) imadzipereka mwadzidzidzi komanso kuyendetsa mwadzidzidzi. Zimagwirira ntchito pofuna kupewa chakudya ndi zakumwa kuti zisalowe mumphepete mwa mphepo (trachea,) m'mawu ena, zimalepheretsa chakudya kuti "asayende molakwika" (aspirating.) IUS ikhoza kutsegulidwa ndi kutsekedwa mosamala, monga nthawi ya burping, kumeza, ndi kusanza .
- Mankhwala otsika otchedwa sophageal sphincter (LES) sali ozindikira bwino ndipo amayesetsa kuteteza mimba ya asidi kuti asayambe kulowa m'mimba. Mowa, komanso mitundu yambiri ya mankhwala ochiritsira, angayambitse kumasuka kwa LES kutsogolera.
Ntchito
Mankhwalawa amapereka chakudya ndi zakumwa kuchokera pakamwa mpaka mmimba. Izi zimakwaniritsidwa ndi zosiyana siyana (contraistalsis) mmalo mwa mphamvu yokoka.
Ndi kusanza, izi zimasinthidwa, zomwe zimalola kuti m'mimba zinthu zibwezeretsedwe pakamwa kuti zilavuke.
Zochitika Zamankhwala
Pali zinthu zambiri zamankhwala zimene zingathe kuchitika. Ena mwa awa ndi awa:
- Reflux ya gastroesophageal (GERD)
- Kupweteka kwa chifuwa - Kutentha kwa mtima kumatanthauza kutentha komwe anthu ambiri adziwona m'chifuwa ndi pamimba pakudya chakudya chokwanira. Kutsekemera kwachilendo sikungakhale kosavuta, monga kuwonongeka kwa chiwalo ndi chiopsezo cha mtundu umodzi wa khansa yowopsya.
- Kuthamanga kwa m'mimba (kutupa kwa mimba) - Mthempha imatha kutuluka chifukwa cha asidi obwezeretsedwa mmimba, kuchokera ku matenda, kapena kuwonongeka kwachilendo ndi mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa kuchifuwa.
- Chigoba cha Barrett - Chigoba cha Barrett ndi "chosasunthika" kusintha kwa minofu yomwe imayika phokoso, kawirikawiri imayambitsidwa ndi GERD yayitali. Ngati mwakhala ndi GERD osatha ndi zizindikiro za kupweteka kwa mtima, dokotala wanu angapangire mayesero kuti awonetse poyerekeza za Barrett. Ngati kusintha kwatchulidwa, chithandizo chamankhwala chingatengedwe kuti chichepetse chiopsezo cha khansa ya umoyo wathanzi m'tsogolomu.
- Khansa ya Esophageal - Khansa ya Esophageal ndi khansa yomwe imakhala ndi moyo wochepa. Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya khansara iyi. Mtundu umodzi, khansara yokhala ndi maseŵera ochepa kwambiri, amaganiza kuti ndi wogwirizana ndi mbiri ya kusuta fodya ndi kumwa. Mtundu winanso, wotchedwa œophageal adenocarcinoma kawirikawiri umapezeka mwa anthu okhala ndi kupweteka kwa nthawi yaitali.
- Misozi-Weiss misonzi - Izi ndi misozi yambiri ya mimba yomwe nthawi zina imachitika ndi kusanza kwaukali.
- Matenda a Esophageal - Izi ndizo "mitsempha ya varicose" yomwe imakhudza mitsempha ya mthendayi yomwe imayamba kuchepa kwambiri ndi chiwindi cha chiwindi.
- Achalasia - Achalasia ndi chikhalidwe chomwe m'munsimu mulibe mpumulo, kuteteza chakudya kuti chisadutse m'mimba.
> Zotsatira:
> American Cancer Society. Kodi Cancer ya Esophagus n'chiyani? Kusinthidwa 06/14/17. http://www.cancer.org/cancer/esophaguscancer/detailedguide/esophagus-cancer-what-is-cancer-of-the-esophagus
> National Library of Medicine. MedlinePlus. Matenda a Esophagus. Kusinthidwa 12/06/17. https://medlineplus.gov/esophagusdisorders.html