Kukhala ndi katemera ku matenda ndi gawo lofunikira lachithandizo chaumoyo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana (IBD) . Kukhazikitsa nthawi ndi nthawi pa majekeseni n'kofunika pa zifukwa zambiri, koma makamaka pamene mankhwala omwe angakhalepo angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'tsogolomu. Kawirikawiri, nthawi yopindulitsa kwambiri yopereka katemera ndiyambe isanayambe, koma ena angaperekedwe pambuyo pakufunika.
Anthu omwe ali ndi IBD ayenera kukaonana ndi madokotala awo za momwe amapezera katemera. Akuluakulu, makamaka, angafunike kukonzekera katemera komwe akufunikira. Kukhala wotetezeka pa katemera kudzakhala chitetezo chabwino kwambiri pa matenda opewedwera m'tsogolomu.
Kawirikawiri, katemera akulimbikitsidwa wodwalayo asayambe pa mankhwala a biologic. Katetezedwe katemera wodwala ndi kofunika chifukwa mankhwala a biologic amachiza chitetezo cha mthupi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti munthu amene alandira mankhwala a biologic akhoza kukhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Matendawa angayambitse mavuto ambiri ndipo amatanthauza kuti biologic iyenera kuyimitsidwa kwa kanthawi pamene matenda atha kukhazikitsidwa. Izi sizowonjezereka zomwe zingakhale zopindulitsa kuti zithetse vuto la IBD, ndipo chifukwa chake katemera amaperekedwa nthawi zambiri asanayambe mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kapena ngakhale nthawi zina.
Kodi Chithandizo cha Biologic Chiyenera Kuchokera ku Katemera?
Dokotala adzakhala njira yabwino yothetsera funsoli, koma nthawi zambiri, mwina ayi.
Katemera ambiri angaperekedwe pambuyo atayamba mankhwala a biologic. Mtundu umene nthawi zambiri umapewa ndi katemera wodwala , kapena ma LaIV, omwe ali ndi katemera wamoyo. Mwamsanga pamene biologics ikufotokozedwa ngati chithandizo chamankhwala, katemera ayenera kukhala mbali ya zokambirana.
Katemera Akulimbikitsidwa Kwa Amene Amalandira Thandizo la Biologic
Ndondomeko ya katemera aliyense adzakhala yosiyana, pogwiritsa ntchito katemera omwe adalandira kale komanso omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chotenga matenda ena. Dokotala yemwe amapereka katemera ayenera kugwira ntchito ndi wodwala wa IBD kuti apange ndondomeko yomwe imapereka chithandizo chodzaza katemera. Pali njira zina zothandizira katemera kwa omwe ali kale kulandira chithandizo ndi wothandizira biologic.
- Katemera wa Hib . Haemophilus influenzae mtundu wa b (Hib) umayambitsa matenda a umoyo, chibayo, ndi matenda ena. Katemerawa amaperekedwa kwa ana nthawi zonse ndipo amalangizidwa kwa akuluakulu omwe sanalandirepo, kuphatikizapo aliyense amene alandira biologic.
Katemera wa HPV . Katemera wa papillomavirus (HPV) ndi mndandanda wa ma shoti 3 omwe amaperekedwa kuti ateteze matenda a HPV. HPV yakhala ikugwirizana ndi chitukuko cha mitundu yosiyana ya khansara ya mabala obereka komanso khansara ya khosi ndi ana. HPV imalimbikitsidwa mpaka zaka 26 za anthu omwe ali osasokonezeka (omwe akuphatikizapo odwala IBD omwe amalandira mankhwala a biologic).
Katemera wa pneumococcal. Izi ndi katemera motsutsana ndi mabakiteriya a streptococcus pneumoniae , omwe amachititsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda. Ndikofunika kuti wodwala aliyense alandire katemera uwu, ndi kuyesetsa konse kuti apereke asanayambe mankhwala a biologic. Katemera uwu ndi wovuta kwambiri chifukwa ndi wosiyana kwa iwo omwe adalandira kale ndi iwo omwe sanawulandirepo. Amene adalandira katemera m'mbuyomo angafunike katemera awiri, omwe nthawi zambiri (koma osati nthawi zonse) amaperekedwa pafupifupi chaka chimodzi. Odwala IBD omwe sanalandire katemera wa pneumococcal, pangakhale katemera katatu. Chilimbikitso zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zilimbikitsanso.
Chiwombankhanga cha nyengo . Anthu omwe ali ndi IBD, ngakhale omwe akulandira chithandizo cha biologic kapena akugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena omwe amaletsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Chifuwacho sichikhala ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda. Mphungu yamphongo (yomwe siilipo pa nyengo ya chimfine ya 2017-2018) siyikulimbikitsidwa chifukwa ndi LAIV.
Tetanus . Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi IBD, mfuti ya tetanus imalimbikitsidwa chimodzimodzi ndi anthu ambiri. Zizindikiro za tetetus ziyenera kuperekedwa zaka khumi ndi ziwiri, ndipo mobwerezabwereza ngati ngozi ikuchitika, monga kukhomerera msomali. Katemera wa tetanus umaphatikiziranso ndi katemera wina, omwe ndi diphtheria ndi tetanus toxoids ndi katemera wa acellular pertussis (DTaP). Katemerawa amateteza tetanus, pertussis (chifuwa chofufumitsa), ndi diphtheria. Akulu omwe sanalandire katemera wa pertussis angafunike DTaP, yomwe ingaperekedwe mu katemera katatu.
Katemera Akulimbikitsidwa Muzochitika Zina
- Katemera wa Hepatitis A. Matenda a hepatitis A angayambitse matenda a chiwindi a hepatitis. Katemera uwu umalimbikitsidwa kwa anthu oposa zaka 1 omwe ali pachiopsezo chotenga kachilomboka, ngakhale iwo omwe alandira biologic.
- Katemera wa Hepatitis B. Vuto la hepatitis B lingayambitse matenda m'chiwindi, chomwe chikhoza kukhala chosachiritsika. Katemera uwu umathandizidwanso kwa omwe amaonedwa kuti ali pangozi yotenga kachilombo ka hepatitis B.
- Katemera wa meningococcal. Katemera wa meningococcal umateteza matenda ndi mtundu wa mabakiteriya wotchedwa Neisseria meningitidis . Katemerayu angagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a meningococcal, omwe akuphatikizapo ana, ana, ndi achinyamata (makamaka omwe amapita ku koleji).
- Katemera wa polio. Katemera wa poliyo saperekedwanso kawirikawiri ku United States. Nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo chotenga kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a polio chifukwa cha ulendo wopita kudziko limene polilio amapezekabe.
Katemera Wosakonzedwa Osapatsidwa Pamene Akupeza Thandizo la Biologic
Mtundu wa katemera omwe sali woyenera kwa odwala IBD omwe akulandira mankhwala a biologic ndiwo omwe ali ndi mavairasi amoyo. Ndibwino kuti, ngati katemerawa akufunika, ayenera kuperekedwa asanayambe mankhwala ndi biologic. Izi zimafunikanso kuganiza mozama: Madokotala ndi ogwira ntchito za IBD ayenera kuyang'ana momwe angapezere katemera kapena atangokhalira kuganizira ndikukonzekera tsiku limene wodwala angafunike biologic.
- Katemera wa nkhuku. Katemera wa nkhuku amatithandiza kupewa matenda ndi varicella-zoster virus. Katemera uwu umaperekedwa kwa ana, muzigawo ziwiri. Ili ndi LAIV, choncho nthawi zambiri, sizingavomerezedwe kwa aliyense amene akugwiritsa ntchito biologic. Kafukufuku watsopano akusonyeza kuti katemera uyu sungakhale wotetezeka kwambiri kwa odwala omwe akulandira mankhwala a biologic, koma pakalipano, malingalirowa ayenera kupitilira kupeĊµa.
- Chitetezo cha Herpes zoster . The herpes zoster virus imayambitsa nkhuku ndi zina zotchedwa shingles . Anthu amene ali ndi nkhuku akhoza kukhala ndi zibwenzi, kawirikawiri ali ndi zaka zoposa 60. Katemera wa herpes zoster amatha kuteteza shingles ndi theka ndipo amatetezeranso mavuto omwe amakhalapo chifukwa cha herpes zoster virus. Komabe, katemera uwu ndi LAIV ndipo sichikuvomerezeka kwa anthu omwe alandira biologic. Kafukufuku wina waposachedwapa amasonyeza kuti zingakhale zotetezeka, koma zotsatila zamakono ziyenera kupeweratu.
- Katemera wa m'magazi-rubella . Katemera, chikuku, ndi rubella (jekeseni wa German measles) amaperekedwa mobwerezabwereza kwa ana. Sikoyenera kwa anthu omwe alandira biologic chifukwa ndi LAIV.
Mawu Ochokera
Immunology ndi sayansi yovuta ndipo imakhala kwambiri mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda aakulu monga IBD. Ngakhale zilipo zotsatila zotsatila za katemera zomwe zili ndi anthu omwe ali ndi IBD omwe amalandira biologic, palinso zosiyana. Ndikofunika kuti aliyense amene ali ndi IBD azikhala ndi katemera, asanayambe mankhwala a biologic, chifukwa mankhwalawa amateteza chitetezo cha mthupi.
Komabe, katemera ambiri angaperekedwe kwa wodwala amene akutenga biologic. Chofunika pa zonsezi ndi kukhala ndi zokambirana za katemera ndi akatswiri a zaumoyo asanakhale mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chikhale chofunika.
> Zotsatira:
> Gawo la Viral Hepatitis. "Hepatitis A Mafunso ndi Mayankho a Othandizira Zaumoyo." Maofesi a Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. 13 Jul 2016.
> Ferreira I, Isenberg D. "Katemera ndi biologics." Ann Rheum Dis. 2014 Aug, 73: 1446-1454.
> Padziko Lonse la Kukonzekera, Kuzindikira, ndi Kudwala Matenda Opatsirana. "Katemera wa HPV: Katemera Wanu Wamwamuna Kapena Wachinyamata." Chigawo cha Kuletsa ndi Kupewa Matenda. 26 Jan 2015.
> Padziko Lonse Lapansi la Matemera ndi Matenda Opuma. "Meningococcal: Ndi Ndani Amene Amafunika Kupewa Katemera?" Zomwe Zidzasamalidwe ndi Kuteteza Matenda. 26 Aug 2016.
> Padziko Lonse Lapansi la Matemera ndi Matenda Opuma. Katemera wa Tetanus (Lockjaw): Amene Aliyense Ayenera Kudziwa. " Maofesi a Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. 9 Jan 2013.