Zomwe Thupi Lanu Zimadziwira Zomwe Mukukalamba
Kodi impso zanu, mtima wanu kapena mabere anu angakhale akula msanga kuposa thupi lanu lonse? Kafukufuku wina amasonyeza kuti si mbali zonse za m'badwo wa thupi zomwe zimakhala zofanana . Kutulukira - ngati kupitiriza kupereka chiwerengero cha momwe matenda amatha msinkhu - potsirizira pake amathandiza asayansi kuchepetseratu kapena kutsitsa ukalamba.
Nthawi Yogwiritsira Ntchito Maselo
Nkhani ina yofalitsidwa m'nkhani ya Genome Biology ya 2013 imasonyeza mmene mankhwala amadzimadzi omwe amapezeka mkati mwa selo angagwiritsidwe ntchito monga mtundu wa nthawi kapena kuchepa kwa selolo.
Njira imeneyi, yomwe imatchedwa methylation, imasintha DNA - maselo a maselo - mwachitsanzo yogwirizana ndi ukalamba.
Kafukufuku musanayambe ku yunivesite ya California ku Los Angeles (UCLA) adagwiritsira ntchito sampha zamatumbo kuchokera pa awiri awiri awiri a mapasa omwe akufanana kuti awonetse malo omwe DNA imagwirizanitsa ndi methylation moyenera mpaka zaka za phunzirolo. Asayansi anayesera kuchuluka kwa mankhwala a methylation m'madera ochulukirapo ndipo amatha kufotokoza zaka za munthu aliyense wamkulu pasanathe zaka zisanu, pogwiritsa ntchito matayalawo.
Steve Horvath, pulofesa wa UCLA waumunthu ndi pulofesa wa biostatistics, adafufuzanso kafukufukuyu ndipo anafufuza zoposa 8,000 zinyama ndi selo zoperekedwa ndi asayansi ena. Zitsanzo zaumunthu zinatengedwa kuchokera asanabadwe kufikira zaka zoposa 101, m'magulu osiyanasiyana ndi ma selo oposa 50 ochokera kumbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi, kuphatikizapo chiwindi, impso, ubongo, mapapo, ndi mtima. DNA ya methylation imapanga mlingo wosasinthasintha wa momwe ziwalo zosiyanasiyanazo zinaliri kukalamba mofulumira.
Horvath ndi anzake amagwiritsa ntchito mlingoyo kuti aone ngati akukalamba m'magazi 6,000 a khansa , omwe amaimira mitundu 20 ya matendawa.
Mbali Zosiyana za Thupi la Thupi Pazigawo Zosiyana
Gulu la Horvath linapeza kuti matenda ambiri ali ndi zaka zokongola kwambiri; Momwemo, zaka zawo zachilengedwe , mwachitsanzo, momwe zikugwiritsidwira ntchito bwino, zikufanana ndi zaka zawo , mwachitsanzo, chiwerengero cha zaka zomwe zikuyimiridwa pa kalendala.
Komabe, minofu ya m'mawere inali yosiyana. Zaka za m'mawere zathanzi mofulumira kwambiri ndipo zikugwira ntchito zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu kuposa zonse za thupi la mkazi. Izi zikhoza kufotokoza chifukwa chomwe khansa ya m'mawere ndiyo khansa yowonjezeka kwambiri pakati pa amayi kuyambira ali okalamba ndi chinthu chowopsya ndipo minofu yowonongeka ingapangidwe kwambiri ndi khansa.
Kwa amayi omwe ali kale ndi khansa ya m'mawere, kukalamba kofulumira kumatchulidwa kwambiri. Kuyeza minofu pafupi ndi zotupa za khansa ya m'mawere, ofufuza anapeza kuti pafupifupi zaka khumi ndi ziwiri kuposa thupi lonse.
Kodi Maselo Achikulire Otha msinkhu Amatha Kuposa Khansa?
Matenda a khansa amapezeka kuti ndi aakulu kwambiri kuposa minofu yathanzi yomwe imapezeka kwinakwake m'thupi. Kagulu kafukufuku kakufufuza mitundu yoposa 20 yosiyana ndi khansa ndipo adapeza zizindikiro zosasinthika za ukalamba mwamsanga mu zitsanzo za matenda. Ndipotu, minofu ya khansa inali yaikulu zaka 36 kuposa thupi lonse.
Izi zikufunsa funso lofunika: Kodi maselo omwe akula msanga kwambiri ali pachiopsezo cha khansa kapena zaka za khansa zimakhala mofulumira? Horvath akufotokoza kuti zonsezi zikhoza kukhala zoona. Mwachitsanzo, m'matenda ambiri a khansa, minofu yapafupi imawoneka achichepere, kapena zaka zenizeni za anthu zomwe zitsanzozo zinachokera, zomwe zimapereka khansara yokhayo maselo.
Mfundo yakuti ngakhale minofu ya m'mawere imakhala yakale poyerekeza ndi mankhwala a methylation poyerekezera ndi thupi lonse la mkazi limasonyeza kuti minofu yambiri yokalamba ingayambe kudwala khansa.
"Zophunzira zowonjezera zidzafunika pakuyesa izi," Horvath akuti. "Tikufuna kuyeza msinkhu wa tizilombo tomwe timakhala ndi thanzi labwino, osati tizilombo toyambitsa khansa." Kuwonjezera apo, tifuna kuwona ngati msinkhu wa msinkhu wa m'mawere ndiwongoleratu kukula kwa khansa pamapeto pake. "
Kuyezetsa magazi kwambiri pamatenda osiyanasiyana pa moyo wa mkazi - kutha msinkhu, kutha msinkhu, kutenga mimba, ndi kutha kwa kutha kwa thupi - kumathandiza kuwunikiritsa ngati minofu yomwe ikula msanga kwambiri, ndiyotheka kukhala ndi khansa.
Ngati ndi choncho, kuyesa mlingo wa methylation mkati mwa mabereko tsiku lina ungakonze mwayi wamayi kuti adziwe matendawa.
Telomeres
Telomeres amapereka njira ina yoyeretsera ukalamba. Ma telomeres ndizinyumba zing'onozing'ono zomwe zimasuntha zamoyo zamkati mwa selo pamene selo likukonzekera kugawa. Nthawi iliyonse magulu a maselo amachitika, ma telomere amafupikitsa pang'ono; kamodzi akakhala ofooka kwambiri, selo silingathe kugawa, zomwe zimachititsa kuti maselo afe.
Pali kafukufuku omwe akuyesa kuyesa kutalika kwa telomere ngati mtundu wa malingaliro a momwe maselo othamangira m'thupi lanu akukalamba. Kuwonjezera apo, asayansi akufufuza ngati kusunga ma telomeres kutalika kungapangitse maselo kukhala aang'ono ndikugawa moyenera.
Zotsatira:
Methylation. US National Cancer Institute Dictionary ya Cancer Terms. Idapezeka pa October 25, 2013.
http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?cdrid=655031
Steve Horvath. "DNA ya methylation m'badwo wa ziwalo za anthu ndi maselo." Biology ya Gome 2013, 14: R115.
http://genomebiology.com/2013/14/10/R115
Sven Bocklandt, Wen Lin, Mary E. Sehl, Francisco J. Sánchez, Janet S. Sinsheimer, Steve Horvath, ndi Eric Vilain. "Epigenetic Predictor Age." PLoS ONE 6 (6): e14821.
http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0014821