Ngati mwakuvulaza khosi lanu kapena kubwerera kuntchito, mwinamwake mwakhala mukudwala matenda osokoneza bongo. Matenda a minofu, omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa MSD afupikitsidwe, amatanthauzidwa ngati vuto limene limapezeka kuntchito - ngakhale zitatenga kanthawi kuti likhale - zomwe zimakhudza mitsempha yanu, minofu ndi / kapena tendons.
MSDs ndi imodzi yothandizira yayikulu yotayika nthawi yogwira ntchito.
Malingana ndi OSHA, yomwe ndi Occupational Safety ndi Health Agency ya boma la US, gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu pa kuvulala kwa ntchito zomwe zinachitika mu 2015 zinali MSDs.
Kuvulala kwa minofu komwe kumagwira ntchito kungawononge abwana kupitirira $ 30,000.
Mu 2015, wapakatikati mwa masiku asanu ndi atatu adatayika pa ntchito ya mtundu uliwonse wa kuvulala kosapweteka, komwe kunaphatikizapo, koma sikunayambe, kwa MSDs. Izi zinati, chiwerengero cha masiku ogwira ntchito chifukwa cha kuvulala chimasiyanasiyana kwambiri malinga ndi malonda.
Mitundu ya Ntchito Zowononga Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo
CDC, bungwe lina lokhala ndi thanzi laumphawi, linena kuti malo omwe antchito akukhala nawo ndi omwe amachititsa kuwonjezeka kwa MSDs, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa zinthu zomwe zilipo kale. Zitsanzo za kuvulala zomwe zingapitirizebe ndi ergonomics zosavuta zimaphatikizapo, koma sizingatheke, zimaphatikizapo mitsempha ya minofu, mitsempha ya mitsempha, matenda a carpal, ndi zina zambiri.
M'munsimu muli mndandanda wambiri.
- Mitsempha yobwerera kumbuyo
- Ligament imatulutsa
- Mitsempha yambiri
- Kutha kwa msana
- Kupweteka kwakumbuyo kwenikweni
- Matenda a misempha
- Sciatica
- Herniated disc
Zochitika Zowopsa za MSD
Bungwe la Labor Statistics (BLS) likupita patsogolo posiyanitsa MSD monga momwe thupi limayankhira osati chifukwa cha kugwedezeka, kugwa kapena kuyenda.
Kodi iwo amatanthawuza chiyani izi? Kodi kugwa sikuchitapo kanthu?
Osati kwenikweni. Pankhaniyi, momwe thupi limayendera ndikuyenda thupi lanu likugwira ntchito kukwaniritsa ntchito yanu. BLS imakhala ikugwedezeka, kukwera, kukwera, kufikira ndi kupotoza monga maonekedwe a thupi.
Pogwiritsa ntchito maonekedwe a thupi, BLS imanena kuti kuwonjezereka ndi kubwereza mobwerezabwereza kungapangitse chiopsezo chanu cha MSD. Khulupirirani kapena ayi, kuyendetsa mopitirira malire ndi kubwereza mobwerezabwereza kungakhale gawo la ntchito yokhala pansi. Ganizilani zomwe zimachitika mukalemba pa kompyuta tsiku lonse: Zamba zanu zikuyenda nthawi zonse, pamene minofu yomwe imayendetsa manja anu ikugwira ntchito mwakhama kuti igwirizane.
Izi zikachitika, mumanenedwa kuti, mu ergonomic mawu, kuti "poyera" pazifukwa zoopsa zokhudzana ndi matenda okhudzana ndi minofu. N'chimodzimodzinso ngati ntchito yanu ikufuna kuti mutenge zinthu zolemetsa, kupindika, kufikira, kukankhira kapena kukoka katundu wolemera ndi zina zotero.
Zithunzi zojambulidwa zimatchedwanso "ngozi."
Chinthu china chotheka kuti MSD chiwonongeke ndikumaganiza kuti sikunalowerera ndale kapena "kovuta" thupi. Ngati pulogalamu yanu imayikidwa pambali imodzi, mwachitsanzo, izi zingatanthauze kuti khosi lanu limakhala m'malo opotoka kwa tsiku lonse. Kwa anthu ambiri, kupirira kapena kusasokonezeka kumabweretsa ululu, nayenso.
Ndipo ntchito yolemetsa, kusuta, chiwerengero chachikulu cha thupi - kutanthauza kuti kukhala wochulukirapo - kukhala ndi zovuta zaumoyo komanso / kapena zovuta kuntchito kumawonjezera pangozi.
Mndandanda wa "boma" wotsatila kuopsa koopsa kuntchito, malinga ndi OSHA, ndi uwu:
- Mphamvu yochulukirapo, yomwe imakhudzana ndi kukweza zinthu zolemetsa, kukoka ndi kukankhira mofanana ndi maonekedwe a thupi. Mphamvu zowonjezereka zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kumagulu osasunthira kwambiri, monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa mu chitsanzo choyimira.
- Kubwereza, zomwe ziri muzochitika zosiyanasiyana za fakitale, ndi kachiwiri, kulemba.
- Kukhazika mtima pansi, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusagwira ntchito kosauka.
- Cold.
- Kuthamangitsidwa. (Ganizirani opanga jackhammer.)
- Kuphatikiza pa chilichonse cha pamwambapa.
Kodi muyenera kuchita chiyani mukapeza MSD Pa Ntchito?
Uthenga wabwino ndi wakuti MSD zokhudzana ndi ntchito zingaletsedwe, malinga ndi OSHA. Pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo za ergonomics - zomwe zikukhudza kugwira ntchito kwa wogwira ntchito, osati wogwira ntchito - mungapewe kapena kuchepetsa kutopa kwa minofu, kapena kuchepetsa nambala komanso kuuma kwa ma MSD ogwira ntchito.
Ma MSD okhudzana ndi ntchito omwe amafunikira thandizo lachipatala kupatula thandizo loyamba, kugwira ntchito yopuma, kapena chifukwa cha zizindikiro zomwe zimatha sabata kapena kupitilira, amatchedwa MSD. Ngati muli ndi chochitika cha MSD, muyenera kulengeza kwa abwana anu. Olemba ntchito amafunidwa ndi lamulo kutenga lipoti lanu mozama, kuti asafune chilango chifukwa mudalankhula, ndipo nthawi zambiri kupereka chithandizo choyenera cha mankhwala.
Zotsatira:
> da Costa, B., Vierira, E. Am J Ind Med. March 2010. Zowopsa za matenda okhudzana ndi matendawa: Ntchito yowonongeka ya posachedwapa. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19753591
Ergonomics Program. Malamulo Operekedwa. Register Register # 64: 65768-66078 Standard # 1910. November 23 1999.
> Dziwani Mavuto. Chitetezo ndi Thanzi Mitu. OSHA webusaiti. https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/ergonomics/identifyprobs.html
> Nkhani Yopereka Zofooka Zopanda Ntchito Zopanda Ntchito ndi Matenda Ofuna Masiku Kuti Achoke ku Ntchito, 2015. Boma la Ntchito Zomangamanga. US Department of Labor. November 2016.
> Kupewa Matenda a Muscleskeletal ku Ntchito. Ergonomics. Webusaiti ya OSHA.gov. https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/ergonomics/
> Matenda a Musculoskeletal & Ergonomics. Kupititsa patsogolo Ntchito zaumoyo kuntchito. CDC webusaitiyi. https://www.cdc.gov/workplacehealthpromotion/health-strategies/musculoskeletal-disorders/