Kuchepetsa Kulimbana ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo
Wosokonezeka, wodetsedwa ndipo sangakumbukire zinthu? Ngakhale zizindikirozi zingayambitse matenda a Alzheimer ndi mitundu ina ya matenda a dementia , pangakhale china, mwinamwake chosinthika, chimayambitsa : mankhwala. Mankhwala ambiri, otchedwa polypharmacy , angakhudze momwe mumatha kulingalira bwino, kumbukirani ndikupanga zosankha zoyenera.
Kusokonezeka Maganizo Okhudzana ndi Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wina, vuto lodziŵa kuti anali ndi vutoli linalipo pa 22 peresenti ya omwe amatenga mankhwala asanu kapena ocheperapo, pamene chiwerengero chimenecho chinawonjezeka kufika 33 peresenti mwa anthu omwe anatenga mankhwala oposa asanu ndi 54 ndi 54 mwa iwo omwe amatenga mankhwala khumi kapena kuposa.
Phunziro lachiwiri lochokera ku 12% la dementias lingakhale logwirizana ndi polypharmacy. Kafukufuku wachitatu adapeza kuti chiopsezo chotenga delirium chinapitirira kawiri mwa iwo omwe adatenga mankhwala oposa asanu. Zizindikiro za kupweteka kwa chidziwitso chochepa kapena mankhwala omwe amayamba pamene munthu akumwa mankhwala ambiri ayenera kufufuzidwa bwino.
Maphunziro Ogwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Oopsa
Malinga ndi nyuzipepala ya Clinical Geriatrics , "magulu a mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amatha kukhumudwitsa komanso kugwira ntchito kwa okalamba amakhala mankhwala osokoneza bongo , mankhwala osokoneza bongo , analgesics , sedative-hypnotics , ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo."
Kodi Kukonda Kwambiri Ndi Chiyani?
Mawu akuti poly amatanthawuza ambiri, ndipo mankhwala amatanthauza mankhwala. Choncho, poti polypharmacy ndi yochuluka kwambiri (yofotokozedwa ngati yoposa zisanu m'zinthu zina ndi zoposa zisanu ndi chimodzi mwa ena) mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira munthu. Pali zochitika zambiri zomwe mankhwala ambiri ndi ofunikira komanso oyenera, koma kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ambiri, makamaka okalamba, amakhalanso ndi zotsatira zosayembekezereka.
Zifukwa za Kupha Amtima
Pali zifukwa zingapo zowonjezera za polypharmacy, kuphatikizapo zotsatirazi:
1. Madokotala ambiri
Kawirikawiri, anthu amapita kwa dokotala oposa mmodzi, monga katswiri, pa zovuta zosiyanasiyana. Ngati simukufotokozera bwino lomwe mankhwala omwe akukakamizidwa ndi madokotala ena, kapena ngati zolemba zanu zachipatala sizikutumizidwa kwa dokotala wotsatira, mankhwala ambiri angapangidwe.
2. Zitsamba ndi Zowonjezera
Muyenera kulengeza zitsamba kapena zowonjezera zomwe mukuzitenga kwa dokotala wanu. Ngakhale zitakhala zachirengedwe, zimatha kusintha momwe thupi lanu limatengera mankhwala ndikupatsanso mwayi wogwirizana ndi mankhwala.
3. Kudzikonda
Anthu ena amaganiza kuti ngati mapiritsi awiri ali abwino, anayi ndi abwino. Kapena, amakhoka mankhwala kwa anansi awo chifukwa cha zowawa zosiyanasiyana. Kumbukirani kuti kusakaniza ndi kudzipangira mankhwala kungakhale ndi zotsatira zoipa, zonse zomwe sizikuthandizani vuto lomwe mukuyembekeza kuthetsa, ndi kuchititsa kuyanjana kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
4. Chikhalidwe-Chachikhalidwe Chachikhalidwe
Makamaka mu chikhalidwe chathu, ndizofala kufunafuna mankhwala pa chirichonse. Mukumva nkhawa? Tengani mapiritsi. Bondo lanu limapweteka? Mukhale ndi mankhwala. Cholesterol Chokwera? Pano pali piritsi lina. Inde, pali mankhwala abwino kwambiri - ndipo angakhale mankhwala enieni omwe mukufunikira. Koma, pazifukwa zina, pali njira zina zomwe zingayesedwe koyambirira, monga uphungu, chithandizo chamankhwala kapena zakudya zabwino komanso zolimbitsa thupi.
5. Zolakwika za Mauthenga a Mankhwala
Kwa anthu ena, kumwa mankhwala moyenera ndi kovuta. Si zachilendo kuti anthu aiwale kuti adatenga mankhwala awo ndiyeno amatenga mlingo wina, kutenga nthawi yolakwika ya tsiku, kutenga chakudya pokhapokha ngati palibe, kapena kutchula mayina a mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi kumwa mankhwala olakwika.
Nthawi zina, machitidwe otsogolera mankhwala amatha kuwathandiza kupewa zolakwika za mtunduwu.
6. Kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo
Pali mankhwala ochulukirapo ambiri omwe alibe mankhwala, koma monga mankhwala ndi zowonjezereka, mutha kumwa mankhwala ambiri, ndipo akhoza kuthandizana ndi mankhwala ena.
7. Hospitalizations
Nthawi zina mankhwala owonjezera amauzidwa ngati wina ali kuchipatala, ndipo amawongolera kuti akhale ndi nthawi yochepa. Koma, pakapita nthawi, mankhwalawa satha. Mukamapita kukaonana ndi dokotala pambuyo pa chipatala, funsani dokotala wanu kuti awonenso mankhwala omwe mukuwathandiza kuti awonetsetse kuti onsewa ndi oyenera.
8. Kuchiza Mankhwala Opweteka Mbali ndi Ma ARV Ena
Izi ndizovuta kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mankhwala ali ndi zotsatira zoyambitsa kuvomereza, dokotala angapereke mapiritsi ena m'malo movomereza kuti muzichita zambiri, kumwa madzi ambiri ndikudya zambiri. Malingana ndi chikhalidwe chanu, mankhwalawo akhoza kukhala chomwe mukufunikira kuti muteteze vuto lalikulu ngati chitseko cha matumbo. Koma, ndi kotheka kuti kwa anthu ena, njira zopanda mankhwala zingathetsere vutoli mogwira mtima.
Okalamba Achikulire ndi Mankhwala
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu 2005 ku Pharmacotherapy , anthu 40% akuluakulu amatenga mankhwala oposa asanu pa sabata, ndipo 10% amatenga 10 pa sabata.
Kuonjezera apo, chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa ndi kupereka mankhwala kwa achikulire, chifukwa matupi awo amakonda kuyankha molimbika kwambiri kwa mankhwala. Makamaka, anthu achikulire amayamba kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala, kulandira, kugawa ndi kusokoneza mankhwala pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri pamakhala malangizo osiyanasiyana ndi zoyamikira kwa okalamba kuposa anthu onse.
Kupewa
Pitirizani kukhala ndi thanzi labwino ndi mankhwala anu onse omwe adatchulidwa, komanso kuti mudziwe mankhwala omwe aliwonse. Ngati simudziwa chifukwa chake mukumwa mankhwala, funsani dokotala wanu. Mukapita kwa dokotala, tengerani mbiri yanu ndi inu.
Odwala amalimbikitsidwa kuti "ayambe kuchepa ndi kupita mofulumira" ndi mankhwala, komanso kumvetsera mankhwala omwe ali pa mndandanda wa Beer, kuphatikiza mankhwala omwe angakhale osayenera kwa okalamba.
Mawu ochokera
Pamene mankhwala angathe kuthandiza komanso oyenera kuthana ndi mavuto ena, kumbukirani kuti mgwirizano uliwonse uli ndi zotsatirapo zomwe zingagwirizane ndi mankhwala ena. Kudziwa kuti mankhwala ambiri angayambitse chisokonezo komanso kukumbukira kukumbukira kukuthandizani kudzidziwitsa nokha nkhawa kapena munthu amene mumamukonda. Musazengereze kufunsa dokotala wanu za mankhwala omwe mukuwatenga kuti onse awiri awone chifukwa chake akufunikira kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino.
Zotsatira:
Ntchito Zothandizira Anthu Okalamba. 2008 June; 3 (2): 383-389. Kuchepetsa: Kusokoneza, koma kumatha. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2546482/
Consultant360. Matenda Okhudzana ndi Matenda Aakulu Okalamba. Volume 16, Namba 08, August, 2008.http: //www.consultant360.com/articles/medication-related-cognitive-impairments-elderly-0
> Hein, C., Forgues, A., Piau, A., Sommet, A., Vellas, B. ndi Nourhashémi, F. (2014). Mmene Mkhalidwe Woperekera Makhalidwe Ambiri Wakhudzidwira pa Kupezeka kwa Delirium mu Odwala Okalamba Ovutika. Journal ya American Medical Directors Association , 15 (11), pp.850.e11-850.e15.
Linnebur, S. University of Colorado School of Pharmacy. Chiwerengero cha odwala m'mimba mwa okalamba okalamba. http://www.ucdenver.edu/academics/colleges/medicalschool/education/continuingmedicaleducation/Family%20Medicine%20Review%202011%20Documents/fmfall2011/wed4-Polypharmacy_in_Elderly_Patients_Fam_Med_Conf.pdf
> Maher RL, Hanlon JT, Hajjar ER. Zotsatira zachipatala Zotsatira za Mapulumukidwe Okalamba Okalamba. Lingaliro la akatswiri pankhani ya chitetezo cha mankhwala . 2014; 13 (1): 10.1517 / 14740338.2013.827660. lembani: 10.1517 / 14740338.2013.827660.