Zimene Muyenera Kudziwa
Ambiri a ife tinayamba kulandira katemera ngati ana aang'ono. Timatemera katemera kuti tipewe matenda. Komabe, anthu ena amadandaula za chitetezo cha katemera komanso zotsatira zake zoipa. Katemera umayendetsedwa ndi jekeseni, inhalation, kapena nthawi zina kudya. Kuyika kwa katemera kumayambitsa wodwalayo kuti apangidwe ndi thupi lanu ( chitetezo cha mthupi ) chomwe chimakutetezani kuti musadwale ngati muli ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena poizoni.
Mitundu ya katemera
Pali mitundu yambiri ya katemera: ophedwa (osagwidwa), amakhala attenuated (omwe amalephera kukhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV kapena mabakiteriya), kapena magulu aang'ono. Magulu aang'ono, kawirikawiri mapuloteni kapena shuga, akhoza kuchotsedwa ku kachilombo kapena mabakiteriya kapena opangidwa mu labotore. Odwala katemera ndi anthrax, kolera, hepatitis A, jekeseni wa mafupa, mliri, poliomyelitis, ndi rabies. Katemera wotetezedwa m'magulu amapezeka ndi TB, nthendayi yamphongo, kabokosi, mouth typhoid, nkhuku, nkhuku, ndi yellow fever. Katemera wotetezedwa amaphatikizapo chimanga, mawere, ndi rubella. Katemera wa puloteni m'magulu amphatikizapo diphtheria, hepatitis B, ndi pertussis. Katemera wa shuga a m'magazi ndi monga meningococcus, pneumococcus, haemophilus Fluenza B (katemera wa shuga ndi mapuloteni conjugate) ndi jekeseni wa typhoid. Katemera wa anthrax sichipezeka kwa anthu ambiri, ndipo katemera wa nthomba sunawapereke kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1970.
Anthu Odwala Matenda Omwe Amakhala ndi Matendawa Amakhala ndi Nkhaŵa
Chifukwa katemera amachititsa chitetezo cha mthupi, anthu ena omwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana omwe amatenga mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatha kusokoneza. Kuonjezera apo, anthu ena omwe ali ndi matenda a rheumatic, monga matenda a rhumum ndi nyamakazi , amadzifunsa ngati katemera ndi otetezeka komanso ogwira ntchito.
Ena amaganiza kuti katemera angapangitse kuti vuto lawo likhale loipa kwambiri. Anthu ena atha kunena kuti katemera angayambitse matenda awo oopsa. Kodi ayenera kuda nkhawa? Kodi zoona ndi ziti?
Kutetezeka kwa Anthu Amene Ali ndi Matenda a Nyamakazi?
Malingana ndi chipatala cha opaleshoni yapadera, odwala nyamakazi odwala nyamakazi amene amatenga mankhwala osokoneza bongo ayenera kupeŵa katemera wamoyo. Katemera wamoyo ukhoza kuyambitsa matenda kwa munthu amene amatenga mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso akhoza kukhalabe m'thupi ndi kubwereranso kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana. Odwala katemera, mapuloteni, ndi shuga amaonedwa kuti ali otetezeka, ngakhale kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a rheumatic omwe amachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Kugwira Ntchito kwa Anthu Odwala Matenda a Khunyu?
Katemera ndi ovuta kwambiri pamene anthu omwe ali ndi nyamakazi akudwala bwino (mwachitsanzo, osati mumoto ) osati pa chithandizo chachikulu. Mwachitsanzo, odwala matenda a nyamakazi omwe amachiritsidwa kwambiri ndi prednisone kapena immunosuppressants samapanga mphamvu zowonjezera ma antibodies: akhoza kutetezedwa osatetezedwa ngakhale atalandira katemera. Mankhwalawa, osati matenda omwewo, angasokoneze chitetezo choperekedwa ndi katemera. Odwala omwe amachiza dola prednisone angathe kutetezedwa ndi katemera, komabe.
Kodi Katemera Amayambitsa Matenda Kapena Amuna Ambiri Omwe Amakhala ndi Matendawa?
Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti ali ndi matenda a nyamakazi akatha katemera wa chimfine kapena mtundu wina wa katemera, mwina chifukwa chakuti anthu amawoneka ngati akufanana pakati pa zochitika pamoyo wawo. Chochititsa chidwi, ndinadzichita ndekha: Ndinapezeka kuti ndili ndi matenda a nyamakazi pa zaka 19, ndipo pamene ndinasanthula maganizo anga, ndinakumbukira katemera wa nkhumba. Ndinagwirizanitsa zochitika ziwiri, koma zenizeni, nthawiyi inachititsa kuti izi zisatheke.
Kafukufuku wina wochokera kwa Sibilia et al, wofalitsidwa mu 2002, anaonetsetsa kuti chifuwa chachikulu cha nthenda ya hepatitis B chimachitika.
Ngakhale kuti pali njira zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti majeremusi ayambe kugwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa cha chiwopsezo cha hepatitis B, ochita kafukufuku anamaliza kuikapo chiopsezo kuti adziwe ngati ndi zoyenera kulandira katemera wa hepatitis B. Zolinga za sayansi, ndizokuti katemera sagwidwa ndi nyamakazi kapena matenda ena a rheumatic.
Malingana ndi chipatala cha opaleshoni yapadera, ponena za kuwonjezeka kwa matenda a rheumatic, palibenso maphunziro ambiri. Umboni wambiri umakhudzana ndi katemera wa matenda a chimfine ku lupus odwala, ndipo zinatsimikiziridwa kuti palibe kupweteka kwa lupus chifukwa cha katemera. Ngakhale kuti pali ziwerengero zochepa zokhudzana ndi matenda a nyamakazi, chigamulo chili chimodzimodzi: nyamakazi ya nyamakazi siipiritsidwa ndi katemera.
Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri
Pali atatu omwe amachokapo pa nkhani yofunikayi yokhudzana ndi katemera wa anthu omwe ali ndi nyamakazi:
- Katemera kawirikawiri amawoneka otetezeka komanso ogwira mtima kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a nyamakazi kapena matenda ena a rheumatic.
- Chitetezo ku katemera sichikhoza kukhala ochepa kwambiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
- Odwala omwe ali ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ayenera kupatsidwa katemera wamoyo.
> Zotsatira:
> Katemera ndi Rheumatic Disease. Michael D. Lockshin, MD. Chipatala cha Opaleshoni Yapadera. 1/10/11
> Katemera ndi nyamakazi ya nyamakazi. Sibilia J. et al. Annals wa Rheumatic Diseases. July 2002.
> Katemera Wodziwika Pakati pa Okalamba Musamapangitse Kuopsa Kopanga Matenda a Matenda a Nyamakazi: Matenda Ochokera ku Phunziro la Ezira la Swedish. Bengtsson C. et al. Annals wa Rheumatic Diseases. July 2010.