Malemba Amathandiza Chithandizo Chachindunji ndi Kulosera Kukhazikika
Pali magawo asanu a khansara ya coloni , yomwe imasankhidwa kuchokera ku 0 mpaka 4, yomwe sikuti imangowonetsa kuti matendawa ndi ovuta koma kuthandiza kulandira chithandizo.
Khansa ya khansa yachitatu yamtunduwu imatanthauzidwa kwambiri ndi maonekedwe a chotupacho ndi kufalitsa ( metastasis ) ya khansara kuchokera ku choyambirira (choyambirira) chotupa kupita ku maselo am'kati. Mosiyana ndi, ndi khansa ya pamadzulo 2 , chotupacho chimakhala chachikulu kwambiri pamtambo wamkati, pamene siteji yachinayi ikuphatikiza kufalikira kwa khansa ku ziwalo zakutali.
Kodi Khansa Yamtundu Wotani Imayendetsedwa Bwanji?
Pakhala pali mitundu yambiri yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambitsa khansara, monga momwe Duke Wamkulu adayambira m'zaka za m'ma 1930 ndipo gulu la Asler-Coller linayamba m'ma 1950. Lero, zonsezi zakhala zikutsatiridwa ndi magulu a TNM omwe amayamba khansa ndi makhalidwe atatu:
- Mtunduwu ("T") walowa mu khola la m'mimba
- Mlingo wa lymph node ("N") kulowerera
- Mlingo wa metastasis ("M")
Komanso, kuyambira gawo 3 khansara imatanthauzidwa ndi ma lymph nodes komanso chotupachokha, padzakhalanso zina zochepa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga A, B, kapena C.
Lymph Nodes mu Cancer Staging
Matupi athu ali ndi lymphatic system yomwe imakhala ndi zitsulo zam'mimba komanso zam'mimba . Monga mbali ya chitetezo cha mthupi, minofu imatulutsa zinyalala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (monga mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya) m'matenda kunja kwa kayendetsedwe ka madzi .
Zida zamakono zili ngati mitsempha ya magazi, koma mmalo mochita magazi, zimanyamula madzi, omwe amadziwika kuti amphine. Lymph imathandiza kutengera zinyalala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumatenda am'mimba omwe ali ndi ma lymphocytes (mtundu wa immune cells). Maselo amenewa amathandiza kuchepetsa matenda omwe amachititsa matenda ndipo amawachotsa mthupi.
Ndi khansa ya coloni, selo iliyonse yowopsya yomwe imachokera ku chotupa chachikulu imatha kusonkhanitsidwa ndi amphongo ndi kutumizidwa ku node yoyandikana nayo. Ngati mankhwala a metastasis achitika, apa ndi pomwe umboni udzawonekera poyamba. Ndi khalidweli kumathandiza kukhazikitsa gawo la matenda komanso zotsatira zake.
Kutupa Zosakaniza Khansa
Mu dongosolo la TNM, kansa yachitatu ya khansara imadziwika kwambiri ndi pamene chifuwacho chiri pamtunda kapena m'mimba. Izi zaphwasulidwa kukhala zigawo zinayi:
- T1 zikutanthauza kuti chotupacho chakulowetsa mucosal membranes wa mkati m'mimba khoma.
- T2 zikutanthauza kuti chotupacho chafalikira ku minofu pansipa.
- T3 zikutanthauza kuti chotupacho chalowa minofu koma osati kunja kwa m'mimba.
- T4 zikutanthauza kuti khoma lakunja lalowa mkati.
Kusankhidwa kwa Gawo 3 Khansara ya Colon
Pokhapokha mlingo wokhala ndi ma lymph node ndi ziphuphu zimakhazikitsidwa, dotolo wa khansa ( oncologist ) adzagawa gawo la matenda motere:
- Gawo 3A limatanthauza kuti mmodzi kapena atatu ali pafupi ndi ma lymph nodes amakhala ndi makhalidwe a T1 kapena T2.
- Gawo 3B limatanthauza kuti mmodzi kapena atatu omwe ali pafupi ndi ma lymph nodes amakhala ndi zikhalidwe za T3 kapena T4.
- Gawo 3C limatanthauza kuti majekesiti anayi kapena oposa omwe ali pafupi amakhala nawo, mosasamala kanthu za ziphuphu.
Kuchiza kwa Gawo 3 Khansara ya Colon
Chithandizo cha khansa yachitatu ya khansa nthawi zambiri chimaphatikizapo kuchotsa opaleshoni (resection) ya minofu yowonongeka, kenako imapezeka ndi chemotherapy. Pogwiritsa ntchito opaleshoni, dokotalayo amachotsa mbali ya colon yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi chotupacho ndikugwirizanitsa mapeto otsalira pamodzi. Mafupa am'mbali amkati amachotsedwanso,
Chemotherapy kawirikawiri imakhudzana ndi fOLFOX regimen (yomwe ili ndi folinic acid, leucovorin, ndi oxaliplatin) kapena boma la CapeOx (lomwe lili ndi capecitabine ndi oxaliplatin).
Malamulo ena osinthidwa angakonzedwe malinga ndi msinkhu wanu kapena / kapena thanzi lanu. Mankhwala othandizira mazira ndi / kapena chemotherapy angagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa anthu omwe alibe thanzi labwino opaleshoni.
Mawu Ochokera
Malingana ndi American Cancer Society, kuchuluka kwa zaka zisanu zapakati pa anthu omwe amapezeka ndi khansa yapakati ya 3A, ndi 89 peresenti, pamene chiwerengero cha magawo 3B ndi 3C ndi 63 peresenti ndi 59 peresenti.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti ziwerengerozi sizitha kuponyedwa pamwala.Pachifukwa cha munthu aliyense, anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya pamtunda 3 akhala akudziwika kuti akhala zaka zambiri popanda kukhululukidwa kapena kuchepetsa moyo wawo.
Mwa kuchitapo kanthu, kumanga chithandizo chothandizira , ndi kutenga zinthu pang'onopang'ono, muli ndi mwayi waukulu wodwala khansa ya coloni kuposa wina aliyense. Pitirizani kuyang'ana ndikusunga chikhulupiriro.
> Zotsatira:
> American Cancer Society. "Njira Zokwanira za Khansa." Atlanta, Georgia, yasinthidwa pa December 11, 2017.
> American Cancer Society. "Kodi Kupulumuka kwa Khansa Yoyamba Ndi Chiyani?" Atlanta, Georgia; zasinthidwa pa March 2, 2017.