Chithandizo choyendetsedwa ndi kukula, siteji, ndi malo a chotupa
Khansara ya Colon ndi khansa yachitatu yomwe imapezeka kwambiri ku US, yomwe imawerengera pafupifupi 110,000 chaka chilichonse. N'zomvetsa chisoni kuti iyi ndi yachiwiri yomwe imayambitsa matenda a khansa pakati pa abambo ndi amai.
Khansara yam'koloni nthawi zina imagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana ndi khansa yosaoneka bwino , yomwe imakhala ndi khansa yoyamba komanso yoyandikana nayo. Mwa khansa makamaka yomwe imakhudza kachilomboka, pafupifupi 40,000 milandu imapezeka chaka chilichonse.
Khansara ya Colon si mtundu umodzi wokha wa khansa. Zimaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya malungo yomwe imasiyana mosiyana ndi malo, selo, zizindikiro, ndi liwiro lakupitirira. Kusiyanasiyana kumeneku kungayambitse njira imene mankhwala amathandizira ndipo amathandiza madokotala kuti adziŵe zotsatira za matendawa.
Mitundu ya Khansa ya Colon
Khansa ya Colon imasiyana kwambiri ndi mtundu wa minofu yowonjezera. Kuti, mogwirizana ndi malo a chotupacho, zingasinthe njira imene liwalo limagwirira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizindikiro zikhale zosavuta komanso zowoneka bwino .
Ma khansa ena sali ochepa kuposa ena ndipo angakhale ovuta kuwunikira, kaya chifukwa cha malo awo kapena kusowa kwawo. Ndi chifukwa chake ziwalo zina za khansa zimakhala zikuwoneka ngati zikupita patsogolo komanso zovuta kuchiza.
Zonsezi, khansa ikhoza kugawidwa motere:
- Carcinomas ndi khansa ya maselo a epithelial omwe amamanga ngalande zam'madzi ndi zowona.
- Sarcomas imakhudza minofu yambiri yomwe ili ndi ziwalo.
- Myelomas amagwira maselo a chitetezo cha m'thupi chotchedwa plasma maselo.
- Leukemias ndi khansa ya maselo oyera omwe amatchedwa leukocyte.
- Mafupa amachititsa maselo oyera a m'magazi otchedwa lymphocytes.
- Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo.
Mitundu ya Khansa ya Colon
Malinga ndi ziwalo zomwe zimakhudzidwa, khansa yamtunduwu imakhala yowonjezereka mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi magawo osiyanasiyana, aliyense ali ndi makhalidwe ake omwe ndi apadera:
- Adenocarcinomas ndi mtundu wochuluka kwambiri wa khansara ya colon, yomwe imayambira 90 mpaka 95 peresenti ya matenda. Mankhwalawa amachokera kumatenda am'madzi otsekemera. Kuwonjezera pa mavitamini a adenocarcinomas, pali magawo awiri: mucinous adenocarcinomaswhich amapanga ntchentche kwambiri ndipo amafalitsa ( metastasize ) msanga, ndi zolembera mphete adenocarcinomas zomwe ndizosawerengeka kwambiri ndipo zimaonedwa kuti ndi zachiwawa.
- Leiomyosarcomas imayamba mu maselo osakanikirana a mchere ndipo imakhala ndi zochepa zosachepera awiri peresenti za malignancies. Zizindikiro, kuphatikizapo kupweteka ndi kutuluka kwa magazi, zimakhala zikuchitika pamene khansa yatha kale. Leiomyosarcomas ikhoza kukhala yodalirika kwambiri ndipo ili ndi kuchuluka kwa kubwereza. Sichiyankhidwa bwino ndi chemotherapy kapena radiation ndipo amachotsedwa opaleshoni ngati yaying'ono.
- Mankhwala osakanikirana ndi achilendo ndi osazolowereka ndipo amatha kuyamba mu rectum kusiyana ndi colon. Non-Hodgkins lymphoma imakhala pafupi ndi 0,5 peresenti ya khansa yonse yosaoneka bwino ndipo nthawi zambiri imapezeka mu matenda apamwamba.
- Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amakhalanso achilendo ndipo amapezeka kupezeka ngati khansa yachiwiri (yofalitsidwa ndi khansa kuchokera kumbali zina za thupi). Zonsezi, amawerengera ocheperako awiri peresenti ya khansa mu colon ndi rectum
- Matenda a Neuroendocrine amawerengera pafupifupi 4 peresenti ya khansa yapamwamba. Ziphuphuzi zimabwera m'magulu a mitsempha ya mitsempha.ndi zowonongeka m'magulu awiri: ziphuphu zoopsa za neuroendocrine zomwe zimafalikira mofulumira ndipo zimakhala zosauka komanso ziphuphu zopanda matenda zomwe zimakhala zochepa pang'onopang'ono.
- Matenda a m'mimba otchedwa stastal tumor (GISTs) amayamba kuchokera ku maselo apadera mu colon omwe amatchedwa maselo osakanikirana a Cajal. Zikhoza kupezeka paliponse m'magawo osakanikirana koma sizodziwika bwino mu colon. Ena mwa zotupa zimenezi ndi khansa koma zina ndizoopsa.
Kodi Khansa Yamtundu Wambiri ya Coloni Imapezeka Kuti?
Ngakhale khansara ikhoza kukhala mbali iliyonse yamtunduwu, pali malo ena omwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri.
Izi ndizofukufuku ambiri zomwe zidzakambidwe panthawi ya colonoscopy . Kuchokera ku valve ya koocaecal (yomwe imalekanitsa katemera waung'ono kuchokera kumtunda) kumbali ya rectum, chiopsezo cha khansa pamalo ndi awa:
- Valve Ileocaecal: 2 peresenti
- Kukwera kolon ndi caecum: 20 peresenti
- Chitsulo chosinthika: 10 peresenti
- Kuchokera kumtunda: 5 peresenti
- Chiwerengero ndi chizindikiro cha sigimu: 55 peresenti
Malinga ndi mtundu, malo, ndi malo a khansara, madokotala amatha kupeza njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira kuchiza matendawa kapena kusamalira bwino zizindikiro ngati khansayo sichikuchiritsidwa.
Chitsime:
> National Cancer Institute. "Cancer Treatment (PDQ) - Health Professional Version." Bethesda, Maryland; zasinthidwa pa August 19, 2017.