Kukonzekera Kumatipatsa Mapu a Msewu, Osati Makhalidwe Ovuta
Pali magawo asanu a khansa yaikulu , kuyambira pa siteji 0 mpaka siteji 4, zomwe zikutitsimikizira ngati ndi / kapena kutalika kwa malungo. Gawo lachinayi ndilo gawo lopambana kwambiri, kutanthauza kuti khansara yafalikira (yowonongeka) kupyola pa coloni kapena kubwereza ku ziwalo zina monga mapapo kapena chiwindi.
Ngakhale khansara 4 ikuwoneka ngati yoopsya, ikuwonetsa kuti matenda omwe ali osatha komanso osatetezedwa, ndi omwe amatanthauza?
Ndipo, chofunika kwambiri, kodi mawuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito motani ku khansara yoyipa makamaka?
Zigawo za Gawo 4 Kansala yeniyeni
Gawo lachinayi la khansa yoyipa ndilokutchulidwa. Pamene imatiuza kuti khansayo yakula kwambiri, sikutiuza ife kutalika kwake kapena momwe zimakhalire zazikulu kapena sizikhala zazikulu.
Pachifukwachi, timagwiritsa ntchito njira yotchedwa TNM yomwe imayesa chinthu monga chifuwa kukula (T), kulowerera m'mimba (N), ndi metastasis (M). Ndondomekoyi ndi yosavuta kumvetsetsa monga ikulamulidwa ndi lamulo losavuta: apamwamba chiwerengero kapena kalata, yomwe imakula kwambiri.
Malinga ndi ma metastasis (M) , timayika monga chimodzi mwa zinthu ziwiri:
- M1a , kutanthauza kuti khansara yafalikira ku chiwalo chimodzi
- M1b , kutanthauza kuti khansara yafalikira ku ziwalo zambiri
Ngakhale kuti M1b imawoneka kuti ndi yoyipa kwambiri, nkofunika kuzindikira kuti M1a kapena M1b sitiuza zinthu ziwiri zofunika: kaya chotupa choyambirira chinakula pakhoma la colon kapena rectum, kapena ngati mitsempha ya mitsempha yakhala ikukhudzidwa kapena ayi.
Kuyika Kuphatikizika kwa Matenda ndi Mitsempha Yambiri
Ziphuphu zonse ndi zochitika zogonana ndizofunika kwambiri potithandiza kuti tione zotsatira za matendawa komanso zomwe tingachite kuti tipeze chithandizo.
Ziphuphu zofotokozera delineate mpaka kutalika kwa chotupa choyambirira chikufalikira, ngati kuli konse, kupitirira koloni kapena kubwereza.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, maselo a m'magazi (imodzi mwa njira zoyeretsera magazi) amatiuza momwe khansara ikhoza kufalikira kapena ayi.
Malingana ndi chotupa choyambirira (T) , timafotokoza kukula kwa T1 mpaka T4:
- T1 zikutanthauza kuti chotupacho chalowa mu mucosal wosanjikiza wa colon kapena rectum koma osati minofu.
- T2 imatanthauza kuti chotupacho chaloĊµa mu mucosal wosanjikiza ndipo chimafikira ku minofu yakunja.
- T3 amatanthawuza kuti tsopano akuposa minofu mpaka kumtunda wosakanikirana koma sanafikepo.
- T4a amatanthawuza kuti yalowa mu khola kapena phokoso koma siinagonjetse matenda kapena ziwalo zapafupi.
- T4b amatanthawuza kuti yalowa mkati mwa colon kapena rectum ndipo yayamba matenda kapena ziwalo zapafupi.
Ponena za kutenga nawo mbali (N) , timagawira izi ndi pakati pa N0 ndi N3:
- N0 amatanthawuza kuti palibe khansara yomwe ili pafupi ndi mitsempha yam'mimba.
- N1 amatanthawuza kuti khansara ali m'kati mwa nthenda yamchere (N1a), awiri kapena atatu omwe ali pafupi ndi ma lymph node (N1b), kapena kuti palibe ma lymph nodes koma pafupi ndi maselo ozungulira (N1c).
- N2 amatanthawuza kuti kansa yomwe ili pakati pa zinayi kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi zapafupi pafupi ndi nyerere (N2a) kapena zisanu ndi ziwiri kapena kuposa zina zam'mbali zamkati (N2b).
Kukhazikitsa Gawo 4 Khansa Yoyamba
Pomwe katswiri wanu wamagetsi amatha kupanga magulu osiyanasiyanawa - "T," "N," ndi "M" - akhoza kutero.
Pogwiritsa ntchito kansa yachinayi yokha, izi zimatipangitsa chimodzi mwazigawo ziwiri:
- Gawo 4a limatanthawuza kuti khansara yayamba kufalikira kuchokera kumtunda kapena kubwereza ku thupi limodzi kapena kutalika kwa maselo.
- Gawo 4b limatanthauza kuti khansara yafalikira ku zoposa ziwalo zina, mbali yambiri ya ma lymph node, kapena chida cha m'mimba.
Mapu a Msewu Pambuyo Pogwiritsa Ntchito
Pamene ma stage amatipatsa zambiri, sizikutanthawuza chinthu chimodzi ndi chinthu chimodzi chokha. Mwachitsanzo, sichitiuza kuti chotupa choyambirira chinali - ngati chinali kukula kwa azitona kapena kukula kwa mphesa. Sitiyenera kusonyeza kuti kukhala ndi mitsempha ya mitsempha isanu ndi iwiri yowopsa kwambiri kuposa yachinayi.
Pamapeto pake, zochitika zonsezi ndi zosiyana, ndipo mapepala amangotipatsa mapu ambiri omwe amavomereza njira. Taganizirani izi monga kukhala ndi kampasi yomwe imatiuza njira yoyenera.
Malingana ndi zinthu zanu, gawo lachinayi la khansa lingaphatikizepo opaleshoni yothandizira (kudula malo a khansa yowononga ndi kubwezeretsanso zotsatira zathanzi). Chemotherapy ndi / kapena ma radiation amakhalanso ofanana malingana ndi kukula kwa maselo a m'mimba.
Monga momwe nthawi yamoyo ikukhudzidwira, zinthu zambiri zingakhudze miyoyo ya anthu. Malo obisala, kukula kwa chotupa, msinkhu wa munthu, thanzi labwino, komanso zinthu monga kupeza mwayi wathanzi komanso maganizo amodzi amathandizira kudziwa momwe munthu angapulumutsidwe nthawi yayitali .
Kuyankhula mwachizolowezi, munthu yemwe ali ndi khansa yoyendetsa gawo 4 ali ndi mwayi umodzi wokhala ndi moyo zaka zisanu zapitazo, ndipo ali kutali kwambiri ndi chiwerengero ichi. Izi zimatiuza kuti khansara ya 4yi, ngakhale yovutitsa, sitingayesedwe ngati chilango cha imfa. Pamapeto pake, chinthu chimodzi chimene chimasiyanitsa khansara ndi ena onse ndi inu . Inu ndi inu nokha.
Kotero chofunikira ndi ichi: musalole kuti siteji ya matenda imakulepheretseni. Pezani chithandizo ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino komanso kulimbikitseni chithandizo chilichonse chomwe mukukumana nazo. Tengani gawo limodzi panthawi.
> Chitsime:
> American Cancer Society. "Njira Zokwanira za Khansa." Atlanta, Georgia; zasinthidwa pa March 2, 2017.