Modzidzimutsa, chitetezo champhamvu cha mthupi mwachangu ndi mankhwala otchedwa anaphylaxis. Ngakhale kutentha kofala kumayambitsa kuyabwa, mphuno yamphongo, kapena mphuno, anaphylaxis amachititsa kuti thupi lonse lisamayende bwino.
Mbiri
Anaphylaxis poyamba anadziwika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 pamene akufufuza kuti ateteze agalu ku nthenda ya anemone ya m'nyanja.
Mmalo mokhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira ku matenda a anemone a m'nyanja, agalu anaipiraipira ndi chiwonetsero chilichonse chotsatira.
Ngakhale kuti katemera amafunika kukhala pulojekiti yothandizira agalu, zotsatira zake zimakhala zosiyana, kotero adayankha mosiyana ndi prophylaxis, anaphylaxis.
Mitundu
Zochitika za Anaphylaxis zimatsatira katatu. Kumvetsetsa zomwe zimachitika kuti anaphylaxis ikutsatireni ingakuthandizeni kumvetsa (ndi kuthandizira akatswiri azachipatala kumvetsa) momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito zovuta zanu.
Machitidwe a uniphasic (1 gawo) ndi njira yowonongeka ya anaphylaxis. Pafupifupi 70 mpaka 90 peresenti ya milandu amatsatira chitsanzo ichi. Kusintha kwa uniphasic ndizovuta kwambiri mkati mwa mphindi 30 mpaka 60 ndipo nthawi zambiri zidzathetsa nthawi yotsatira.
Machitidwe a Biphasic (2 gawo) ndi ochuluka kwambiri kawiri kuposa ana akuluakulu komanso owerengeka ndi oposa 23 pa 100 aliphylaxis. Zochita za Biphasic zimakhala ndi kubwereza kwa anaphylactic zizindikiro maola angapo pambuyo pa kuthetsa zizindikiro.
Kuchitapo kanthu kwa nthawi yayitali ndi mawonekedwe oopsa kwambiri komanso mtundu wa anaphylaxis. Mayendedwe afupipafupi amapitirira ndipo amatha masiku angapo kupita masabata angapo.
Mmene Mumatetezera
Pofuna kumvetsetsa zomwe zimayambitsa anaphylaxis , zimathandiza kumvetsa kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chanu chimayesetsa kuteteza thupi lanu ku zinthu zoipa monga mavairasi kapena mabakiteriya.
Imodzi mwa machitidwe ovuta kwambiri a thupi lanu omwe amapangidwa ndi ziwalo zamaliseche (fupa la bone ndi thymus), mitundu yambiri ya maselo, ndi mapuloteni.
Pali mitundu iwiri yosiyanasiyana ya chitetezo cha m'mimba: innate (chitetezo chimene mumabadwa nacho) ndi adaptive (wophunzira kapena wophunzira).
Ndondomeko ya Immune System
Mmene thupi lanu limatetezera kuthupi limakhala chitetezo chachibadwa kuti mumabadwa ndi izo zimakuthandizani kuti musatenge kachilombo kapena kuwonetsetsa kwa owopsa. Khungu lanu ndilo thupi lanu loyamba kuteteza.
Mapuloteni omwe ali m'matumbo anu kapena madzi ena amthupi amathandiza kwambiri m'thupi lanu. Mphaka anu ali ndi puloteni yofunika yotchedwa lysozyme yomwe imalola makoma a bakiteriya kuti awonongeke mosavuta. Maselo apadera otchedwa phagocytes (kuphatikizapo neutrophils, monocytes, kapena macrophages) ndi ofunikira komanso amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mabakiteriya ozungulira ndi owononga kapena zinthu zina zovulaza.
Tsatanetsatane wa Kutetezedwa kwa Mthupi
Mmene thupi lanu limagwirira ntchito ndilo gawo lanu la chitetezo chomwe chimaphunzira nthawi yonse ya moyo wanu.
Pamene wabadwa, muli ndi maselo T ndi B omwe ali ndi ma receptors pa iwo. Pamene thupi lanu likudziwika ndi ma antigen (osiyanasiyana), maselo anu a T ndi B amadziphatika kuti amenyane kwambiri ndi antigen.
Ichi ndi chifukwa chake mutakhala ndi matenda ena, matenda omwe amatsatira amakhalitsa afupikitsa, kapena simungadziwe kuti mwatululidwa.
Mosiyana ndi chitetezo choyambitsa matenda, chitetezo cha mthupi chosinthika sichitha kuperekedwa kwa ana anu.
Zimayambitsa
Thupi lanu likayamba kupezeka ku thupi lanu, thupi lanu lingakhale ndi maselo oteteza thupi lawo omwe amadziwika bwino kwambiri. Ngati thupi lanu limapanga maselo a chitetezo ku matendawa, ndiye kuti mudzakhala ndi zizindikiro za chifuwa chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa .
Sindimvetsetsa chifukwa chake anthu ena amayamba kupweteka ndipo ena samatero. Ngati mukuyamba kudwala matendawa, thupi lanu lidzakhala ndi ma antibodies omwe amadziwika kuti immunoglobulin E (IgE), omwe angayankhe nthawi iliyonse pamene thupi lanu likuwonekera ku allergen.
Matenda a Immunoglobulin Amagwira ntchito poyambitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda , omwe ndi mbali ya maselo oyera a thupi lanu.
Basophils ndi maselo akuluakulu amamasula omvera omwe amachititsa kusintha mkati mwa thupi lomwe limagwirizana kwambiri ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zomwe zimachitika. Omwe akugwirizana nawo mu anaphylaxis ndi awa:
- histamine : imayambitsa kuyabwa, kuthamanga, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kumutu, mphuno, ndi bronchospasm
- tryptase: masitepe apamwamba omwe ali ndi milandu yambiri ya anaphylaxis, kupatula pa chifuwa cha zakudya
- Chinthu choyambitsa mapiritsi: ma level apamwamba omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la anaphylaxis
- nitric oxide: imayambitsa kusayengana kofanana ndi kuchepa kwa mitsempha ya magazi
- arachadonic acid metabolites: amachititsa bronchospasm, hypotension, ndi erythema
Sizilombo zonse zomwe zimachititsa anaphylaxis . Ngati mukudwala matenda obwera chifukwa cha chakudya, mankhwala, kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, muyenera kudera nkhaŵa kuti mukhale ndi anaphylaxis ndipo muyenera kupewa chotsitsa.
Njira inanso yomwe ingayambitse anaphylaxis imakhala ndi zotsatira zosagwirizana ndi IgE zokhudzana ndi maselo a T-maselo. Mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti si-IgE anaphylaxis akuphatikizapo:
- aspirin
- NSAIDs: monga Ibuprofen, Aleve, kapena Celebrex
- Kusiyana kwa zithunzi za radiographic (x-ray, CT scans, MRI, kapena ultrasound)
- Vuto la immunoglobulin IV
- Heparin
- zovuta ku dialysis membranes
Kugwiritsa ntchito T-maselo kumayambitsa mtundu womwewo wa kuyambitsa ma basophil ndi maselo akuluakulu omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa.
Zizindikiro
Anaphylaxis ingakhudze ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za thupi, kuphatikizapo:
- Khungu: msuzi , kuyabwa, kapena kutupa
- Kupuma: kutsokomola, kupuma, kapena kupuma kovuta
- Mtima: kumenyedwa kwa mtima, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kapena kupweteka pachifuwa
- mimba: kunyoza, kusanza, kapena kupweteka
- Kukhala ndi thanzi labwino: mutu, chisokonezo, kapena chizungulire
Zizindikiro zofala kwambiri zimakhala kutupa (makamaka nkhope kapena angioedema ), mavuto opuma, komanso kutsika kwa magazi.
Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro za anaphylaxis , chithandizo chodzidzimutsa, kuphatikizapo epinephrine shot, chikufunika mwamsanga. Kudziwa zomwe zinayambitsa zomwe zimachitika kungathandize kupewa mtsogolo, mwa njira zina .
Mawu Ochokera
Kupeza anaphylaxis ndizowopsa kwambiri. Kuphunzira zomwe zimayambitsa anaphylaxis, pamodzi ndi mankhwala ndi njira zotetezera zigawo , zidzakhala mbali yofunikira yothetsera vuto lanu loipa. Ngati simukudziwa ngati mukukumana ndi vuto lalikulu, muyenera nthawi zonse kupeza thandizo lachangu.
> Zotsatira:
> Loverde, D, Iweala, O, Eginli, A & Krishnaswamy, G. (2018). Anaphylaxis. CHEST, 153 (2): 528-543. DOI: 10.1016 / j.chest.2017.07.033
> Zowona mwachidule mawonekedwe a chitetezo cha mthupi. Tsambulani webusaitiyi. 2017.
> Pathophysiology ya anaphylaxis. Tsambulani webusaitiyi. 2018.