Matenda Akale Amapitirizabe Kupitirizabe
M'chaka cha 1873, Dr. Armauer Hansen wa ku Norway anali ndi mbiri yodabwitsa padziko lapansi: khate linayambitsidwa ndi bacterium ( Mycobacterium leprae ). Mpaka apo, matendawa amaganiziridwa kuti achokera ku temberero kapena khalidwe lochimwa, lomwe limatchulidwa kawirikawiri m'Baibulo.
Kukula
Khate, lomwe limatchedwa Hansen's Disease , lidalipo lerolino. Malingana ndi bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO), kuchuluka kwa khate padziko lonse kumayambiriro kwa 2014 kunali 180,000 matenda aakulu komanso 215,000 atsopano.
Anthu oposa 15 miliyoni adachiritsidwa kuyambira kuchipatala m'zaka za m'ma 1980, koma khate lidali ndi udindo wowononga kapena kulepheretsa anthu oposa 2 miliyoni.
Kutumiza
Mankhwala amasiku ano amatiuza kuti khate imafalikira pamene munthu yemwe alibe kachilomboka amatsokomola kapena amawombera (koma osati kugonana kapena mimba) Komabe, khate silili lofalitsa. Pafupifupi 95% mwa anthu ali ndi chitetezo cha thupi.
Anthu omwe ali ndi khate omwe amachizidwa ndi mankhwala sayenera kukhala okhaokha. Chifukwa cha kusamvetsetsa matendawa, m'mbuyomu, anthu akhate anatumizidwa ku "zilonda zam'chipululu" kuzilumba zakutali kapena kuchipatala chapadera.
Zizindikiro ndi Zizindikiro
Chizindikiro choyamba cha khate kaŵirikaŵiri ndi khungu pa khungu lomwe lingakhale lofiira pang'ono, lakuda, kapena lakuwala kuposa khungu lenileni la munthu. Malowo akhoza kutaya kumverera ndi tsitsi. Kwa anthu ena, chizindikiro chokhacho chimapweteka mu chala kapena chala.
Ngati mankhwala osatulutsidwa, khate lingapite patsogolo kuti liwononge thupi, kuphatikizapo:
- Manja ndi mapazi - Mabakiteriya a khate amayambitsa mitsempha m'manja ndi m'mapazi ndikuwapangitsa kuti asatope. Munthu akhoza kudula kapena kuyaka pazigawo zopanda kanthu ndikusazidziwa, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda omwe amachititsa kuwonongeka kwamuyaya. Zala ndi zala zingathe kutayika ku matenda. Matenda aakulu m'mapazi angafunike kuchotsedwa. Kufa ziwalo kungayambitse zala ndi zala zazing'ono kuti zizitha kuwonongeka.
- Maso - Mabakiteriya a khate akuyambitsa mitsempha yoyang'ana m'maso, kuwonetsa imfa ya kunyezimira reflex (yomwe imateteza diso kuvulala ndikuyambanso pamwamba). Maso amakhala ouma ndipo ali ndi kachilombo, ndipo khungu limatha. Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa diso, munthuyo sangathe kumva zowonongeka pamaso kapena maso.
- Zowonongeka - Kuwonongeka kwa pakhomo lamkati mwa mphuno kumapangitsa kuwonongeka komanso kutha kwa mphuno.
Kudziwa
Khansa imapezeka mwa kutenga chithunzi cha khungu ( biopsy ) ndikuchiyang'ana pansi pa microscope, kufunafuna mabakiteriya a khate. Mayeso ena ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi matenda a khungu. Khungu kakang'ono kamapangidwa khungu ndipo kamtundu kakang'ono kamadzimadzi kamatengedwa. Izi zimayang'aniridwa ndi microscope kuti alipo mabakiteriya.
Chithandizo
Uthenga wabwino ndi wakuti khate ndi lochiritsidwa. Mu 1981, WHO inalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu itatu ya maantibayotiki - kawirikawiri dapsone, rifampin, ndi clofazimine - mankhwala, omwe amatenga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pachaka kapena kuposerapo. Matenda ena angapangidwe ndi ma antibayotiki awiri, koma rifampin ndi chigawo chofunikira cha regimen. Kuyambira mu 1995, WHO inapereka mankhwalawa kwaulere kwa odwala onse a khate padziko lapansi.
Pakati pa chithandizo, thupi likhoza kuchita ndi mabakiteriya wakufa ndi ululu ndi kutupa pakhungu ndi mitsempha.
Izi zimachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala opweteka, prednisone kapena thalidomide (pansi pa zofunikira).
Kuthamangitsani
Asanatuluke mankhwala, matenda a khate amachititsa kuti anthu azivutika komanso kumva ululu komanso kuti anthu asakumane nawo. Lero, maantibayotiki ndi chisamaliro chabwino cha khungu zidzateteza matendawa kuti asaphonye thupi. Mwina m'tsogolo, katemera adzathetsa mliri wakalewu.
Chitsime:
Bungwe la World Health Organization. "Khate Lero." Mapulogalamu ndi mapulojekiti, 2015.