Njira Yosintha, Lamina ndi Zambiri. Anatomy Yamkati kwa Ena Onsefe

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Mitsinje Yam'mimba

Kudziwa kupweteka kwafupipafupi kumaphatikizapo dzina la gawo la msana kumene adokotala amakhulupirira kuti ululu umachitika. Nkhaniyi ndi yopikisana pang'onopang'ono pamaganizo a mafupa a msana, pofuna kutchulidwa kwanu.

Mzere wa msana umapangidwa ndi ma vertebrae 24 omwe amapita kuchokera ku chigaza kupita ku sacrum.

Thumba la sacrum - limene liri kwenikweni mafupa asanu omwe amayamba kufota pa zaka chimodzi, ndi kusungunuka kwathunthu kumapeto kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi atatu - kuphatikizapo fupa lamphongo, kumaliza msana pansi pa chigawocho. (Coccyx ndi dzina loperekedwa kwa mchira wako.)

Pamalo odzaza thora ndi amtunduwu, msana umagwirizana ndi nthiti ndi pakhosi pofuna kupanga thunthu, kapena pachimake.

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Vertebra

Mawu akuti 'vertebra' amatanthauza fupa la msana. 'Vertebrae' ndi mawonekedwe ochuluka a mawu.

Vertebra ili ndi thupi lamakono kutsogolo ndi mphete ya bony kumbuyo.

Thupi la vertebra ndi wothandizila; Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ndondomeko ya msana imapangidwa ndi vertebrae 24, yomwe imakhala imodzi pamwamba pa inayo. Izi ndi zomwe zimapereka zowonjezera kulemera kwa msana.

Mphete ya bony imayikidwa kumbuyo kwa thupi lozungulira; Zili ndi mbali zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi likhale lofanana (lomwe lingakhale lovuta, mofulumira.) Mbali izi zimaperekanso malo amtundu wa msana ndi mitsempha kuti agwirizane.

Mphepete mwa msana umadutsa mumtsinje wautali wotchedwa vertebrae wodulidwa mkati mwa msana, womwe umatchedwa mphavu wamtsempha. Mng'oma wam'nsagwada amamangidwa m'kati mwa mphete za ma vertebrae 24 omwe amapanga gawolo.

Mitsempha imachoka pamtunda wa msana ndi kuchoka msana pogwiritsa ntchito mabowo ang'onoang'ono pambali mwa mafupa, otchedwa neuralforamina. The neuralforamina amamangidwa kuchokera kumtunda kumbali kumbali yomwe imayang'anizana pamodzi.

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The Vertebral Bodies ndi Intervertebral Discs

Thupi lachiberekero ndilo lalikulu kwambiri komanso lothandizira kwambiri vertebra.

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, thupi lozungulira ndilo lalikulu lozungulira lomwe limapereka chithandizo cholemetsa kupyolera mu gawoli. Mitsemphayi imagwera pamwamba pa wina ndi mzake pa matupi ozungulira.

Pakati pa matupi othamanga ndi ma intervertebral discs , omwe amachititsa kuti munthu asamangidwe kwambiri. Amachita zimenezi pokhala ngati chingwe chodutsa pakati pa matupi ozungulira .

Mavuto ambiri a discs amachititsa kuti chisamaliro cha disk chiwonongeke. Mvula yosawerengeka ndi kuvulaza kwina komwe kungayambitse diski ya herniated , koma osati nthawi zonse. Mwa njira, intervertebral disc nthawi zambiri imakhala malo oyambirira mumsana momwe kusinthika kwa zaka zowonjezera zaka (zomwe zimakhala bwino kwambiri) zimachitika.

Thupi lachiberekero limatanthauzira mbali ya m'mphepete mwa chigawo chapakati pa mzere wa msana womwe umatha msana. Zimathandizanso kuti mapepala aperekere , omwe angakhale malo ena osasinthasintha a msana.

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Msonkhano Wachigawo

Chophatikizirachi chili pamphepete mwa bony kumbuyo kwa mzere wa msana.

Zimapangidwa ndi ndondomeko (zomwe zimakhala zowonjezera mafupa) zomwe zimachokera ku gulu loyang'anitsitsa lomwe lili pafupi ndi vertebrae - pamwamba ndi pansipa. Pa mlingo uliwonse (wotchedwa "gawo,") pali mbali yoyenera ndi yamanzere yogwirizana. Izi zikutanthawuza 4 mwa njirazi zomwe zimagwira nawo ntchito kumanga zigawo za mbali pa gawo limodzi, kapena gawo, la msana. Njira zomwe zimapangidwira mbaliyi zimatchedwa "njira zodziwika."

Mbali yothandizana nayo yomangamanga yomwe imagwirizanitsa imakhala yofunikira kwambiri yosunga ndondomeko yonse ya msana pamtendere.

Mapepala ammimba amatchedwanso ziyi zygapophyseal. Ili ndilo lovuta kulitchula, anthu ambiri, kuphatikizapo opaleshoni, amasankha mawu akuti "gawo limodzi."

Mavuto ndi ziwalo zapadera zimayambitsa matenda opweteka kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi nyamakazi ya m'mimba komanso / kapena kusintha kwa msana.

Vuto lina lombuyo lomwe limatchedwa spondylolisthesis nthawi zambiri limayamba ndi kupasuka kwakung'ono pamalo osadziwika a mbali yomwe imadziwika kuti pars. Kuvulala koyamba kumatchedwa pars defect; Zimabweretsedwanso ndi msana mobwerezabwereza monga mtundu umene amachitira achinyamata othamanga omwe amaphunzitsa mozama. (Anthu achikulire, makamaka omwe ali onenepa kwambiri ali pachiopsezo chotengera chilema.)

Kasi kosalephereka, kachilombo ka pulasitiki kamatha kuyamba kukhala spondylosis ndipo potsiriza fupa lapondylolisthesis, pomwe fupa limodzi limakhala lokhazikika mpaka kufika pang'onopang'ono kapena kumbuyo kwa fupa pafupi nalo.

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Zochita Zamapanga ndi Zotsutsana

Mofananamo ndi zochitika zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, zokhala ndi mpweya ndi zozungulira zimayang'ana mafupa omwe amachokera kumbuyo kwa thupi lozungulira. Zamatsenga ndi zozungulira zimayang'ana pang'ono ngati zala.

Pa vertebra iliyonse, pali njira ziwiri zozungulira komanso njira imodzi yokhala ndi spinous. Njira ziwirizi zimakhala kumbali zonse za mphete, pomwe ndondomeko ya spinous ili pakati.

Njirazi zimapereka malo omwe minofu ndi mitsempha yambuyo imagwirizira.

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Pedicle

The pedicle ndiyang'onong'ono ka fupa kamene imabwera kumbuyo kwa thupi loyang'anitsitsa. The pedicle imakhala pakati pa thupi la m'mimba ndi njira yopingasa. Pali zipilala ziwiri pa vertebra, imodzi kumbali iliyonse.

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Lamina

La lamina ndilo gawo la vertebra lomwe limagwirizanitsa njira zamaginito ndi zochitika. Pali laminae awiri, yomwe ili mbali zonse za utoto wa spinous. La lamina nthawi zambiri ndi mbali ya opaleshoni yam'mbuyo pamene mukufunika kuthetsa zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto ku mizu ya msana. Izi zikhoza kuchitika pa msana wa stinosis.

Chithandizo chimodzi chomwe chimaperekedwa opaleshoni chimatchedwa laminectomy, koma palinso ena.

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Mitsempha ya m'mphepete ndi Phulusa

Mukawerenga sacrum ndi coccyx, msanawo ndilolumikizitsa maulendo 26 osagwirizana. Mipando yomwe ili pambali ya chigawochi (yotchedwa neuralforamina, yomwe ikufotokozedwa pamwambapa) imapangidwa ndi vertebrae interfacing; Mitsempha ya mitsempha imachoka pamayenjewa, ndipo malingana ndi momwe mafupa amawazungulira, akhoza kuthandizira kukhalapo kapena kupezeka kwa ululu wammbuyo.

Zitsanzo za mavuto omwe amabwera m'mbuyo mwa mitsempha ya msana mumaphatikizapo disc herniated ndi spinal stenosis.

Mphepete mwa msana umadutsa pakati penipeni (mng'oma wa m'mphepete, womwe umagwedezeka kale) umene umapangidwa ndi mphete za bongo zam'mimba.

Mitsempha ya m'mimba imachokera kumsana wa msana pamtunda uliwonse. Iwo amayamba nthambi ku mizu ya mitsempha ya msana (yomwe imakambidwa kale) ndiyeno nkugawanika kwambiri kukhala mitsempha yomwe imapita kumadera onse a thupi kuti idzatenge chidziwitso chodziwitsira ndi kuitumizira izo ku ubongo, komanso kupereka malangizo a kayendetsedwe ndi zochitika kuchokera mu ubongo kupita ku minofu.

Mizu ya msana wam'mimba imachoka m'malo (yotchedwa intervertebral foramina) inapangidwa pakati pa vertebrae yoyandikana ndi iwiri.

Mphepete wamtsempha umatha pambuyo pa lumbar yoyamba (vertebra). Kupitirira apo, ndi mtolo wa mitsempha ndi mizu yomwe imawonekera kwambiri kuposa mitsempha yomwe ili pamwambapa. Mtolo uwu umatchedwa cauda equina.