Zizindikiro, Kuzindikira, ndi Chithandizo
Chimodzi mwa zizoloŵezi zomwe zimalepheretsa kusabereka kwathunthu ku United States, spina bifida kwenikweni amatanthawuza "msana wagawanika." Tsiku lililonse, pafupifupi ana asanu ndi atatu amabadwa ndi spina bifida ku America.
Matendawa ndi ofooka kumene msana wamtsempha sungapangidwe mozungulira kuzungulira kwa msana. Zitha kukhala zochepa kuchokera ku zowawa mpaka zovuta.
Muzirombo zochepa, palibe chithandizo chofunikira; pa milandu yoopsa, pali vuto lalikulu la mitsempha.
Pali mitundu itatu ya spina bifida:
- Spina bifida occulta : Chilema chochepa chomwe chimayambitsa zizindikiro zochepa kapena zosaoneka
- Spina bifida cystica meningocele : Mutu wovuta kwambiri umene umayambitsa nsonga yoyandikana ndi msana wamtsempha kuti ugwire kunja
- Spina bifida cystica myelomeningocele : Fomu yoopsa kwambiri imene mzere wa msana umatuluka kudzera mu msana.
Ana obadwa ndi spina bifida akhoza kukhala ndi vuto lina la mitsempha monga hydrocephalus kapena Chiari malformation.
Zimayambitsa
Pakadali pano, asayansi samadziwa chomwe chimapangitsa kuti spina bifida ichitike. Zimakhulupirira kuti zimayambitsidwa ndi kusakaniza kwa zilengedwe ndi zachilengedwe.
Zowopsa
Ku US, spina bifida imachitika kawirikawiri pakati pa a Hispanics ndi a Caucasus ndipo kawirikawiri amwenye ndi Afirika a ku America.
Ana makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu zisanu ndi anayi a ana obadwa ndi spina bifida alibe mbiri ya banja . Komabe, ngati mayi ali ndi mwana wokhala ndi spina bifida, chiopsezo chake chidzachitikanso mimba yotsatira ikuwonjezeka.
Kudziwa
Kuyesera magazi poyesa kutchedwa magazi a alphafetoprotein (AFP) kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito magazi a amayi omwe ali ndi pakati pamene ali ndi masabata 15 mpaka 17 omwe ali ndi mimba.
Ngati zotsatirazo si zachilendo, zowonjezera (Level II) zowonjezereka zikuchitika zomwe zingasonyeze kupezeka kwa spina bifida. Amniocenteis (sampling ya amniotic fluid m'mimba) ikhoza kuchitidwa kuti awonenso msinkhu wa AFP.
Chithandizo
Palibe mankhwala okwanira a spina bifida. Kutsegulira msana kumatsekedwa opaleshoni kaya asanabadwe kapena atabereka ndipo izi zingachepetse thupi.
Popeza kuti spina bifida imavulaza mutu wa msana, nthaŵi zambiri mankhwala amafunika kuti athetse zizindikiro monga kupirira, kuyenda, kapena kukodza. Anthu ena amatha kuyenda ndi zikhoto kapena mikanda ya mwendo; ena amafunika kuyendetsa njinga ya olumala kuti azizungulira miyoyo yawo yonse. Ana ndi akulu omwe ali ndi myelomeningocele adzakhala ndi mavuto aakulu azachipatala ndipo amafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala champhamvu kwambiri.
Lingaliro la ana omwe ali ndi spina bifida lasintha kwambiri kwa zaka zambiri. Zomwe zachitika posachedwa zasonyeza kuti omwe ali ndi spina bifida akhoza kukhala ndi moyo wamba. Ana 90% obadwa ali ndi matendawa amakhala akuluakulu ndipo 75% amatha kusewera masewera ndi kuchita nawo ntchito zina.
Pamene mukudziŵa kuti mwana wanu ali ndi spina bifida akhoza kukhala ovuta, zomwe zakhala zikuchitika posachedwapa zathandiza kuthetsa vutoli.
Zotsatira:
Bowman RM, McLone DG, Grant JA, Tomita T, Ito JA. Zotsatira za Spina Bifida: Zaka 25 Zopindulitsa. Mwana wa Neurosurg, 2001, 114-120.
Mathews TJ, Honein MA, Erickson JD. "Spina Bifida ndi Anencephaly Prevalence - United States." MMWR Pemphani Rep, 2002, 9-11.
Spina Bifida Foundation. "Kodi Spina Bifida ndi chiyani?" 2015.