Opaleshoni ya Cataract

Zimene Mukuyenera Kudziwa Pokhudza Opaleshoni ya Cataract

Kuchita opaleshoni ya cataract ndi njira yokonzera kapena kuchotsa nthenda . Katemera wathanzi ndi khungu la diso la diso . Matendawa amakhala okalamba, ndipo amachititsa khungu pakati pa anthu oposa 55. Pamene nthendayi imakula kwambiri, masomphenya anu amakhala ochepa kwambiri.

N'chiyani chimayambitsa matendawa?

Ambiri a ife tidzakhala ndi matenda enaake m'moyo mwathu.

Zozizira zimakhala ngati imvi - ena a ife tidzapita imvi patatu, koma enafe sitidzawona siliva mpaka zaka zambiri. Zilonda zingayambike mofulumira kwa anthu ena, koma samayesetsa kukhala ofunikira komanso owonetsetsa anthu ambiri mpaka zaka 70 zoyambirira.

Zowopsa zowonjezera katemera :

• Matenda a shuga
• Kusokonezeka kwa diso
• Opaleshoni ya maso
• Mbiri ya banja la cataracts
• Kusuta
• Mankhwala ena
• Kuwala kwa UV
• Kusintha kwa Congenital

Ndani akufunikira opaleshoni ya cataract?

Kuchita opaleshoni ya Cataract ikufunika pamene ubwino wa masomphenya anu umakhudza moyo wanu ndi ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku. Ngati mukuganiza kuti masomphenya anu angakhale opindula mwa kuchitidwa opaleshoni, konzekerani msonkhano kuti muyesedwe . Pomwe mukufufuza bwinobwino maso anu, dokotala wanu maso adzayesa mayesero osiyanasiyana kuti azindikire kukula kwa cataracts.

Poganizira za opaleshoni ya cataract, dzifunseni mafunso awa:

• Kodi munayenera kukhala ndi mankhwala anu a magalasi akusintha mobwerezabwereza?
• Kodi simukuwona momwe mudaganizira ndi magalasi anu atsopano?
• Kodi maonekedwe akuoneka osasangalatsa?
• Kodi masomphenya anu amawoneka ofooka?
• Kodi masomphenya anu ndi ovuta usiku?
• Kodi mumayang'ana magetsi pamene mumayendetsa usiku?
• Kodi mukufuna kuwala kwina kuti muwone bwino?

Ngati munayankha "inde" kwa mafunso aliwonsewa pamwambapa, matendawa angakhudze masomphenya anu. Kuchita opaleshoni ya Cataract ikhoza kutonthozedwa ngati kuchotsa mapiko a mitambo ndi mankhwala othandiza kwambiri.

Kodi dokotala angazindikire bwanji ngati ndikufunika opaleshoni ya cataract?

Kafukufuku wochuluka wa maso ndi optometrist kapena ophthalmologist adzachitidwa kuti azindikire kukula kwa ubongo wanu. Dokotala wanu ayamba poyambitsa mbiri yanu ya zamankhwala, kuphatikizapo mbiri ya banja lanu. Onetsetsani kuti mum'dziwitse dokotala za chiwopsezo chilichonse cha mankhwala kapena zinthu zina zomwe mungakhale nazo. Dokotala wanu adzachita mayesero osiyanasiyana omwe angaphatikizepo zotsatirazi:

• Kukhala Wokongola - Kuwonetsa maonekedwe ndi chiyero cha momwe iwe ungakhoze kuwonera bwino. Kudzudzula kudzachitidwa kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa momwe mankhwala atsopano angawonetsere masomphenya anu.
  
• Mayeso a PAM - Kuyesedwa kwa PAM, kapena kuyesedwa kwa mayendedwe amadzimadzi, amauza dokotala chiwerengero cha masomphenya omwe amapeza ngati opaleshoni ya opaleshoni ikuchitika.
  
• Kupukuta Mpukutu Wamakono - Kuunika kwa diso kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito nyali yoyera kuti ayese kuopsa kwa cataract. Kusokoneza maso anu kumapatsa dokotala mwatsatanetsatane.

Kodi ndingakonzekere bwanji opaleshoni ya cataract?

Dokotala wanu adzawona momwe mumakhalira, zosangalatsa ndi ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku kuti mudziwe mtundu wina wa opaleshoni ya cataract yabwino kwa inu. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu wamkulu wa chisamaliro kapena katswiri ngati muli ndi vuto lalikulu lachipatala musanakonzeke opaleshoni. Dokotala wanu wa opaleshoni angafunikire kulandira chithandizo kuchokera kwa dokotala wanu ngati muli ndi vuto la mtima kapena kupuma.

Onetsetsani kusunga malo onse opanga opaleshoni ndi dokotala wanu wa diso. Pambuyo pa opaleshoni ya odwala, dokotala wanu ayenera kuyesa maso anu kuti azindikire mphamvu yoyenera ndi yopangidwe kwa mpangidwe wamatenda a intraocular omwe adzaikidwa m'diso lanu.

Itanani kampani yanu ya inshuwaransi kuti mudziwe ndalama. Ngakhale kuti maofesi ambiri a opaleshoni ya odwala matenda a cataract ndi ofunika kwambiri pozindikira ndalama zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi opaleshoni ya cataract, ndi lingaliro loyenera kukhala ndi lingaliro lofunikira la kuthetsa ndalama kapena ndalama zomwe zingakhalepo pa nthawi ya utumiki. Mutha kukhala ndi mtengo wosayembekezereka, monga kulipira ku malo opaleshoni kumene opaleshoniyo idzachitidwa. Onetsetsani kuti madokotala onse ali mu-intaneti pokhapokha ngati ndidzidzidzi.

Konzani tsiku lanu la opaleshoni moyenera. Musati muzivala zojambula za diso ku malo anu opaleshoni. Pitirizani ndi mankhwala openyetsa maso kapena madontho a diso omwe amalembedwa ndi dokotala wodwalayo wa cataract. Onetsetsani kuti muli ndi bwenzi lanu kapena wachibale wanu amene akuyendetsa kuti akuyendetseni kunyumba pambuyo pa opaleshoniyo. Kuchita opaleshoni yokha kungangopitilira mphindi 15 koma mukhoza kukhala ku chipatala kapena kuchipatala kwa maola 1-2 kuphatikizapo nthawi yowonongeka.

Chimachitika ndi chiyani pa opaleshoni ya cataract?

Kuchita opaleshoni ya Cataract kawirikawiri ndi ndondomeko ya odwala, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mupita kunyumba tsiku lomwelo la opaleshoniyo. Pa tsiku la opaleshoni yanu, mukhoza kupatsidwa madontho ochepetsetsa ndi maso kuti ophunzira anu azisungunuka. Khungu lozungulira diso lanu ndi khungu la maso lidzatsukidwa ndikusawilitsidwa. Chovala chosakonzedwa chidzaikidwa pamwamba pa mutu wanu ndi kuzungulira diso lanu. Kuchita opaleshoni ya Cataract ikuchitidwa ndi kuchepa kochepa. Ndipotu, kupweteka kwa diso kokha kumafunika 98 peresenti ya milandu.

Kuyamba opaleshoni, ziwonetsero zing'onozing'ono zidzapangidwira mu mbali ya cornea yanu, zomangidwa bwino ngati dome kumbali yakutsogolo ya diso lanu. Kenaka, thumba la capsule kapena lens lidzatsegulidwa. Kafukufuku wochepa akupanga m'diso lako. Pulojekitiyi idzathetsa kadotiyo pamtunda wothamanga kwambiri ndipo zotsalazo zidzatulutsidwa. Chomera chotsitsimutsa chatsopano chidzalowetsedwa m'diso lako kupyolera mumng'onoting'ono womwewo ndi malo ake. Kuwombera kumakhala kudzisindikiza ndipo sikudzasowetsanso ndondomeko 99% ya milandu.

Kodi ndiyembeke chiyani nditatha opaleshoni ya cataract?

Diso lanu lingamve ngati laling'ono kapena laling'ono kwa maola 24-48 oyambirira pambuyo pa opaleshoni ya cataract. Masomphenya anu akhoza kukhala ophwanyika chifukwa cha mafuta owonjezera komanso ma antibiotic omwe nthawi zina amapangidwa mwachindunji pakatha opaleshoni. Mudzapatsidwa ochepa madontho a maso kuti mugwiritse ntchito masabata angapo pambuyo pa opaleshoni. Onetsetsani kuti muli ndi malamulo anu omwe amadzaza nthawi yake pa pharmacy yanu. Madontho a diso ameneŵa amagwiritsidwa ntchito popewera matenda ndi kusamalira kutupa.

Muyenera kupewa kugwira ndi kupukuta diso lanu. Dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni kuti mugone ndi chipewa cha maso usiku kuti mupewe chala mwangozi. Kwa masiku ochepa pambuyo pa opaleshoni, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito maso anu kuti muwerenge, kulemba kapena kuwonerera TV. Muyenera kupewa kugwedeza ndi kukweza zinthu zolemetsa kwa sabata yoyamba kapena iwiri chitatha opaleshoni.

Diso lanu likhoza kutenthedwa pang'ono pambuyo pa opaleshoni yomwe ingabweretse masomphenya ophwima pa sabata yoyamba kapena apo. Dokotala wanu nthawi zambiri amakufunsani kuti mulowe maulendo angapo akutsata kuti muwone kutupa uku ndi khalidwe la masomphenya anu.

Kodi zingatheke bwanji za opaleshoni ya cataract?

Kuchita opaleshoni ya Cataract ndi imodzi mwa opaleshoni yotetezeka kwambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi 98% mwazochitika popanda mavuto. Nthawi zina mavuto omwe amatha kupititsa patsogolo angathe kuyamba, monga awa:

• Kugonjera - Kutenga mwachindunji pambuyo pa opaleshoni ya cataract kungakhale yoopsa kwambiri ndipo imakhala ngati yodzidzimutsa maso. Ngati muli ndi zopweteka zambiri kapena zofiira, funsani dokotala wanu mwamsanga.
• Kutupa - Kuchuluka kwa kutupa kumayembekezeredwa pambuyo pa opaleshoni ya cataract. Kutupa kungayambitse kutulutsa mphamvu, kupweteka kapena maso opusa.
• Kutupa - Kutupa kumbuyo kwa retina kungabwere kwa odwala ena. Ngakhale zokhudzana ndi izi, nthawi zambiri izi zimatsimikizira odwala ambiri mkati mwa mwezi umodzi kapena kuposa.
• Chitetezo cha retinal - Odwala ena ali pangozi yapamwamba yopanga maselo a retina panthawi yochitidwa opaleshoni. Ngati muwona mawanga, mazenera kapena kuwala kwa kuwala, itanani dokotala wanu wa diso.
• Mphungu yamtundu wapatali - Kapsule wotsalira pa lens latsopano imatha kuchepetsa ndi kukhala wodetsedwa pakati pa odwala 20-40% omwe akutsata opaleshoni ya opaleshoni. Masomphenya anu akhoza kukhala ophwanyika kwambiri. Njira yosavuta ya laser yotchedwa " Yag capsulotomy " ikhoza kuchitidwa pofuna kuchotsa capsule iyi yopanda pake.

Nthawi Yowonzanso

Anthu ambiri amatha kuchira mofulumira, koma ena amatha kupuma mofulumira kuposa ena. Ambiri odwala opaleshoni ya opaleshoni amasokonezeka atatha kuchitidwa opaleshoni ya mimba ndipo masomphenya awo amawonekera mofulumira komanso amachedwa kuchepa. Nthawi yowononga nthawi zonse imakhala yosiyana koma anthu ambiri adzakhala ndi kufiira, kutukumuka ndi masomphenya ophwanyika kwa sabata imodzi. Kufiira kumawonekera mofulumira. Kutupa mkati mwa diso kuchokera pakuchita opaleshoni kumawonekera kwa sabata kapena awiri. Kuwotcha kumawoneka ndi madokotala pogwiritsa ntchito nyali yamagetsi ya nyali. Selo zotupa ndi zinyalala zimawonekera kutsogolo kwa diso. Odwala ena, kutupa kungakhale kouma ndipo kumatha ngakhale miyezi ingapo.

Odwala ambiri amakhala ndi masomphenya ochepa kwa masiku angapo, ndipo masomphenya amamveka momveka bwino tsiku lililonse. Nthaŵi zina, odwala ena adzakhala ndi edema kapena kupumphuka patsogolo pa diso. Kutupa uku kungapangitse masomphenya osokonezeka kuposa momwe anthu ambiri amachitira opaleshoni. Komabe, ndi chithandizo choyenera cha post-operative ndi mankhwala, zimakhala zovuta msanga. Madokotala ambiri amapanga maulendo atsopano tsiku lina atatha opaleshoni, kamodzi pamlungu pa masabata 3-4. Machiritso ambiri amapezeka kwathunthu ndipo masomphenya amawonekera kukhala otetezeka pakatha masabata anayi atatha opaleshoni.

Njira Zowonetsera Kufulumira

Anthu ambiri opaleshoni ya cataract adzawona kusintha kwa masomphenya pamasiku awiri pambuyo pa opaleshoni. Munthu akhoza kufulumizitsa kupweteka mwa kuikapo madontho onse a maso atapatsidwa opaleshoni momwemo. Komanso, ndi zofunikira kuti zala zisachoke m'maso ndi malo ozungulira maso.

Zothetsera Mavuto Omwe Amagwirizanitsa

Kugonjera pambuyo pa opaleshoni ya cataract ndi yosavomerezeka. Komabe, zingakhale zovuta kwambiri. Katemera akhoza kutetezedwa pogwiritsira ntchito madontho a ma antibiotic monga momwe dokotala wanu akuuzani. Ochita opaleshoni amagwiritsira ntchito njira zopanda banga mu chipinda chochita opaleshoni kuti asatenge matenda.

Kutupa kumakhala kofala pambuyo pa opaleshoni ya chilonda. Kutupa kumatha kumangoyendayenda kwa kanthawi ndithu atatha opaleshoni koma nthawi zambiri amatha kubwereka mosavuta pogwiritsa ntchito madontho a m'maso otchedwa topical steroid. Kawirikawiri, odwala amapatsidwa madontho atatu a maso: antibiotic, steroid ndi osachiritsika zotsutsana ndi kutupa (zofanana ndi ibuprofen.) Ngakhale kuti zonse ziri zofunika, njira yeniyeni yomwe steroid imatengere ndi yofunika kwambiri polemba kutupa kwapambuyo. Kawirikawiri, iwe umalangizidwa kuti upange steroid ukutsika kawirikawiri, nthawizina ngakhale maola awiri, ndiyeno steroid imagwidwa pansi pa masabata angapo.

Kutupa kumatha kumbuyo kwa retina (macula) mu chiwerengero chochepa cha odwala opaleshoni ya cataract. Izi zimatchedwa cystoid macular edema (CME). CME ikhoza kukhala wopanikizana koma nthawi zambiri imathetsa kwathunthu mwa kupitirizabe osakhala ndi steroidal anti-inflammatory kwa nthawi yaitali. Ngati singathetsere, katswiri angathe kumwa mankhwala moyenera. Ochita opaleshoni amasiyana mofanana ndi momwe amachitira vutoli.

Mapuloteni a retinal ndi vuto lalikulu la opaleshoni ya chibonga. N'zovuta kuteteza vutoli chifukwa n'zovuta kufotokoza zomwe odwala angachite. Amapezeka kawirikawiri kwa anthu osayang'anitsitsa kapena omwe akhala akudzidzidzimutsa m'mbuyo. Ndibwino kumvetsera kwa dokotala wanu opaleshoni ndikusunga maofesi onse opititsa patsogolo ntchito. Zizindikiro za mawonekedwe otha kubwereza ndi zovuta, masewera, kuwala kwa kuwala kapena chophimba kapena chophimba chomwe chingapangidwe mu masomphenya anu.

Mphungu yamtundu wina wamtunduwu imakhala yowonjezereka pambuyo pochita opaleshoni, koma imachiritsidwa mosavuta. Mbali ya kumbuyo kwa capsule kumene ulesi ukuyamba imachotsedwa ndi laser.

Kuwerenga Pambuyo Opaleshoni

Pambuyo pa opaleshoni ya cataract, odwala ena amaopa kugwiritsa ntchito maso awo, kapena kudandaula kuti kuwerenga kwambiri kudzachedwa kuchiritsa. Kawirikawiri, mukhoza kuwerenga kapena kugwiritsira ntchito maso anu momwe mukufunira. Komabe, pamene mukuwerenga mozama, maso anu amatha kuwuma. Mukamawerenga kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kompyuta kwa nthawi yaitali, mumakonda kusanunkha nthawi zambiri ndipo maso anu angaume. Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga zambiri, dokotala adalimbikitsa misozi mowirikiza. Komanso musaiwale kuti mupange mankhwala anu opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito momwemo.

Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, anthu ambiri adzakhala ndi masomphenya osiyana kwambiri ndipo angafunike mankhwala atsopano atsopano kapena magalasi owerenga. Ngakhale odwala ena angafunike chisamaliro chokwanira, nthawi ya machiritso ili pafupifupi masabata anayi atatha opaleshoni. Pakadutsa masabata anai, ngati masomphenya akuoneka kuti ali osasunthika, dokotala adzatulutsa mankhwala atsopano a galasi maso ngati wina akufunika. Malingana ndi mtundu wa opaleshoni ya cataract, magalasi sangakhale oyenerera nkomwe.

> Chitsime:

> Murrill, Cynthia. Malangizo Othandizira Omwe Amagwira Ntchito Mchipatala Chisamaliro cha Odwala Achikulire Ndi Cataract, Buku Lophunzitsa kwa Odwala. Wokonzedwa ndi bungwe la American Optometric Association (AOA) Loyang'anira Pangano, lovomerezedwa ndi AOA Board of Trustees, Mchaka cha 1999, Analongosola 2004.