DMN ndi Kuyanjana Mogwira Ntchito
Chithunzi chogwiritsira ntchito maginito (fMRI) chimatilola kuti tipange zochitika pa ubongo kwa anthu amoyo omwe amachokera ku mafano ogwira mtima. Chifukwa chimodzi, chatithandizira kuti tipeze ndemanga zofunikira pazithunzithunzi za ubongo zomwe zimapezeka, kuphatikizapo mawonekedwe osayenerera. Pofuna kumvetsetsa zoterezi, komabe, maziko ena ogwirizana akufunikira poyamba.
Kodi Kugwiritsidwa Ntchito Kumagwirizanitsa MRI?
Maphunziro ambiri a FMRI amachitika pamene wodwala akuchita mwakhama ntchito zina. Mwachitsanzo, ngati akukankhira batani ndi dzanja lawo lamanja, mukhoza kuwona mbali ya kumanzere komwe kumakhala pafupi ndi motor cortex kuwala apo.
Njira yina ndiyo kuyang'ana ubongo pamene wophunzira wodzifunira sakuchita kalikonse muzitsulo - akugona pamenepo. Njira imeneyi nthawi zina imatchedwa "mpumulo" fMRI.
Pamene tikugona pamenepo, mbali zosiyana za ubongo zimakhala ndi ntchito yosakanikirana, kutanthauza mafunde a magetsi omwe ali ndi chizindikiro cha MRI. Nthawi zina, mafundewa ali ogwirizana wina ndi mzake, kutanthauza kuti amamenya pamtunda komanso pamtunda. Ziri ngati kuti iwo anali mamembala osiyana a orchestra akusewera nyimbo imodzimodziyo akutsatira mtsogoleri yemweyo. Madera awiriwa amanenedwa kukhala ogwirizana.
Kugwirizanitsa ntchito sikuyenera kuyesedwa pa mpumulo. Ntchito monga kuika chidwi pa chinthu china chofunikira chingasinthe kayendedwe kogwirizanitsa ntchito mu ubongo.
Kugwirizanitsa ntchito sikukutanthauza kuti mbali ziwiri za ubongo zimagwirizanitsa ndi thupi. Mwachitsanzo, mbali ziwiri za ubongo zingakhale zosiyana kwambiri, koma onse awiri alandira chizindikiro kuchokera ku dera la ubongo monga thalamus.
Izi zikhoza kukhala zogwirizana bwino ngati zizindikiro zawo zili mu synchrony.
Kulowetsamo Njira Yoyendetsera Njira
Kwa zaka khumi zapitazi, kuwonjezeka kwataperekedwa kwa kugwirizanitsa ntchito ngati njira yopezera maubwenzi mu ubongo omwe ali ogwirizana ndi ntchito zina, kuphatikizapo kupumula basi. Mmodzi mwa mawonekedwe otchuka kwambiri omwe mungakambirane ndi mawonekedwe osasintha.
Mawu oti "default mode" anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Dr. Marcus Raichle mu 2001 kufotokoza ubongo wopuma ntchito. Zinali zitadziwika kale kuti ubongo "wopumula" umagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa kuposa ubongo kuchita "ntchito" yoganiza, mwina kuti ubongo sungathe "kupumula" ngati ukusintha mtundu wa ntchito yomwe ukugwira ntchito mwakhama anachitapo kanthu.
Njira yosasinthika yogwiritsira ntchito (DMN) imaphatikizapo kusokonezeka kwafupipafupi kwa pafupifupi kusinthasintha kamodzi pamphindi. Maukondewa amagwira ntchito kwambiri pamene ubongo ukutha. Pamene ubongo umatsogoleredwa kuntchito kapena cholinga, makina osasinthika amachotsa.
Pakhoza kukhala, njira imodzi yokha yosasinthika-zomwe tachitcha kuti DMN zingakhale zowonongeka kwa mawonekedwe aang'ono, omwe amadzipereka kukhala osiyana kwambiri ndi ena. Komabe, malo ena a ubongo tsopano amadziwika kuti ndi mbali ya DMN.
Ndi mbali ziti za ubongo ziri mu DMN?
Mipingo ya ubongo ikuphatikizidwa mu mafilimu osasintha omwe akuphatikizirapo, kuphatikizapo mapepala apakati pa nthawi, mapiritsi apakati , ndi cortex yowonongeka, komanso zida zazing'ono komanso zina za piratal cortex. Madera onsewa agwirizanitsidwa ndi mbali ina ya lingaliro la mkati. Mwachitsanzo, zochitika zamkati zamkati zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukumbukira . Kachilombo kamene kalikonse kamakhala kogwirizana ndi lingaliro la malingaliro, kuthekera kuzindikira ena kukhala ndi malingaliro ndi malingaliro ofanana ndi anu. Kulingalira kumbuyo kumalingaliridwa kuti kumaphatikizira kuphatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya malingaliro amkati.
Mipiritsi yamakono imayesetsedwanso kuti iyanjane ndi DMN.
Kodi DMN Zimatani?
Chifukwa chakuti mawonekedwe osasintha omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawizonse amakhala otetezeka kwambiri komanso chifukwa cha zigawo zomwe zimagwiridwa, anthu ena awonetsa kuti zimagwirizana ndi malingaliro opatsirana, kuphatikizapo ntchito monga kubwerera kapena kukumbukira zinthu. Ena amanena kuti ntchitoyi ingakhale yogwirizana ndi zochitika za thupi zomwe sizigwirizana ndi ntchito iliyonse - ngakhale kupumula - ngakhale kuti maganizowa akuwoneka kuti sakuwoneka bwino.
Kusintha kwa mafilimu osasinthika akugwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo matenda a Alzheimer, autism, schizophrenia, matenda a bipolar, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, ndi zina zambiri. Matenda angayambitse ntchito zochepa kapena zochepa, ndipo nthawi zina deta imasiyana ndi zomwe zikuchitikadi. Kaya izi zikusonyeza kumvetsa kosavuta kwa matendawa, njirayi, kapena zonsezi nthawi zambiri sizikudziwika.
Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zakhala zikuchitika pa DMN ndikuti kusintha kwa mkati mwawo kumawoneka kosafunikira kwenikweni - ndi ntchito yanji ngati sichikudziwitsani chomwe chiri vuto? Ena adakayikira ngati intanetiyi ndi yongopeka, ngakhale kuti kafukufuku akudwalitsa chikhalidwe cha DMN kukhala chovuta kufunsa.
Mauthenga ena, monga omwe amawonetsedwa, masomphenya, ndi kumva, adatchulidwanso. Ngakhale mapindu azachipatala a magetsi amenewa sakhala akudziwika bwino, akhoza kusonyeza kusintha kwakukulu momwe timaganizira za ubongo, ndipo ndani anganene komwe kuganizira koteroko kudzatitengere m'tsogolomu?
> Zotsatira:
> Buckner, RL; Andrews-Hanna, JR; Schacter, DL (2008). "Ubongo Wosinthika wa Ubongo: Anatomy, Ntchito, ndi Kufunika kwa Matenda". Annals wa New York Academy of Sciences 1124 (1): 1-38.
> Chilungamo, DA; Cohen, AL; Dosenbach, NUF; Mpingo, JA; Miezin, FM; Barch, DM; Raichle, ME; Petersen, SE ndi al. (2008). "Zomangamanga zokhazikika za ubongo wosakhulupirika". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105 (10): 4028-32.
> Raichle, Marcus E .; Snyder, Abraham Z. (2007). "Njira yosasinthika ya ubongo ikugwira ntchito: Mbiri yachidule ya lingaliro lotha kusintha". NeuroImage 37 (4): 1083-90.