Roe v. Wade adayambidwa pa May 23, 1970, ku Fifth Circuit Court ku Dallas pamaso pa oweruza atatu. Panthawi imeneyo, kuchotsa mimba kunayendetsedwa pa chikhalidwe cha boma. Roe v. Wade adatsutsidwa pa Khoti Lalikulu. Nkhaniyi yalamulo inalembedwa mwalamulo ndi ufulu wa mkazi wochotsa mimba ku United States lonse. Kodi chigamulochi chakhala chotani?
Pambuyo pa Mlandu wa Roe v. Wade
Mu 1969, ali ndi zaka 22, Norma McCorvey anatenga mimba. Anangotsala pang'ono kutaya ntchito, anali wosauka, ndipo sanafune kupitirizabe ndi pakati. Lamulo la Texas linaletsa kuchotsa mimba kupatula kupulumutsa moyo wa mkazi. Norma McCorvey anayesera kupeza dokotala yemwe angakonde kuchita mimba yoletsedwa. Ngakhale kuti sanathe kupeza dokotala, McCorvey anakumana ndi Sarah Weddington ndi Linda Coffee - adandaula awiri omwe ankadandaula za kusintha malamulo ochotsa mimba. Malamulowa anali kuyesa kupeza mkazi yemwe ankafuna kuchotsa mimba koma analibe njira kapena ndalama kuti apeze imodzi. Ankafuna wotsutsa yemwe angakhale ndi pakati ndipo sangapite kudziko lina kapena dziko limene kuchotsa mimba kunali kovomerezeka. Norma McCorvey anakwaniritsa mwambowu mwaluso, ndipo posakhalitsa anadziwitsidwa kwa McCorvey kupyolera mwa woweruza milandu.
Malamulo Akutaya Mimba ku Texas
M'chaka cha 1859, Texas anadutsa lamulo lake loletsa kuchotsa mimba.
Monga malamulo ena otero ku US, amangowalanga okha omwe amapanga kapena kupereka njira zowataya mimba. Kotero, ngakhale kuti lamulo silimulanga mkazi yemwe akuyesera kukopa dokotala wake kuti achotse mimba, malamulo a Texas oletsa kuchotsa mimba amachititsa kukhala cholakwa kwa munthu aliyense amene anachotsa mimba kupatula cholinga chopulumutsa moyo wa mayi.
Komanso, zipatala zimatha kutaya chilolezo chawo chololera kuchotsa mimba m'zipinda zawo. Komabe, malamulo oletsa kuchotsa mimba ku Texas sakudziwika bwino momwe angagwiritsire ntchito pazifukwa zomwe akazi amapempha mimba. Izi zinasiya madokotala ndi zipatala akuyenera kusamala kuti asamangidwe. Zikuwoneka kuti vuto lokhalo lomveka lochotsa mimba ndilo ngati kutenga mimba kumayambitsa imfa ya mkaziyo. Chifukwa chakuti izi zakhala zikuchitika, ambiri mwa iwo ankakhala opanda chidziwitso chalamulo, kotero madokotala anachotsa milandu yambiri yochotsa mimba kuti asapezeke mwayi wokalandira chilango chokwanira (kutsekeredwa kwa zaka zisanu m'ndende) komanso / layisensi ya zamankhwala).
Anali Roe ndi Wade?
Norma McCorvey, wotsutsa, adagwiritsa ntchito "Jane Roe" kuti amuteteze kwenikweni (McCorvey kwenikweni sanadziwike mpaka m'ma 1980). Nkhaniyi idaperekedwa kwa Roe (yemwe anali ndi pakati pa miyezi 6 panthawiyo), koma adasanduka suti yogwira ntchito kuti McCorvey asaimire yekha, komanso amayi onse apakati.
Wotsutsa anali Henry B. Wade, woweruza boma wa Dallas County, Texas.
Zimene Wotsutsa Pa Roe v. Wade
Ngakhale wotsutsayo anali ndi mavuto aakulu awiri kuti apitirire:
- Mayi wodwala analibe kuyimilira kuti amutsutse chifukwa cha lamulo lomwe lingakhale losemphana ndi malamulo chifukwa lamulo limagwiritsidwa ntchito ku mankhwala (osati odwala).
- Chifukwa cha kutalika kwa milandu ya milandu, mlanduwu sungathenso kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndikuponyedwa kunja kwa khoti pomwe McCorvey anabereka (kapena kupatulapo momwe kuchotsa mimba kungatetezedwe bwino).
Mlanduwu unalembedwa, kutsutsa kuti lamulo la mimba ya mdziko la 1859 la ku Texas linaphwanya ufulu wa amayi wokhala ndi malamulo ochotsa mimba.
The Attorneys
Sarah Weddington ndi Linda Coffee anali amilandu milandu.
Malamulowa anali John Tolle (wosankhidwa kuteteza lamulo la mimba yaku Texas) ndi Jay Floyd (kuteteza lamulo lokha).
Nkhani Yoyamba Roe v. Wade Case pa May 23, 1970
Nkhaniyi inayambika koyamba ku Bwalo lachisanu la Dera la Dallas pamaso pa oweruza atatu. Khoti lachikwati ndi Kafe linkafuna kuti khoti lidziwe ngati mkazi wamayiyo ali ndi ufulu wodzisankhira yekha ngati kuchotsa mimba kunali kofunikira. Anakhazikitsa zifukwa zawo pa Chisanu ndi Chinayi ndi Chachisanu ndi Chinayi kusintha kwa malamulo a US. Ngakhale kusokonezeka, Chachisanu ndi Chinayi Kusintha kumateteza ufulu wokhazikika koma wosalongosola kwinakwake m'malamulo. Chichepere Chachinayi chimalepheretsa kunena za kukana moyo wa nzika, ufulu kapena katundu popanda chifukwa cha lamulo.
Khoti Lalikulu la ku United States linali litakhazikitsa kale, mu 1965 mlandu wa Griswold v Connecticut , kuti ufulu wachinsinsi waumwini unapezedwa mkati ndi kutetezedwa ndi Zisanu ndi Zinayi ndi Chachisanu ndi Chinayi Kusintha. Choncho, Ukwati ndi Khofi linanena kuti lamulo la kuchotsa mimba ku Texas linamutsutsa Roe ufulu wake wachinsinsi - akunena kuti lamulo la Texas silinali losemphana ndi malamulo chifukwa linaphwanya ufulu wotetezedwa womwe Khoti linalembamo kale. Iwo anapitiriza kutsutsa kuti ufulu wa chinsinsi uyenera kuteteza ufulu wa mkazi kusankha ngati ayi kapena ayi.
Wotsutsayo adatsutsa mlandu wawo chifukwa chakuti mwana ali ndi ufulu wovomerezeka wa malamulo, womwe umayenera kuti atetezedwe ndi malamulo oyendetsera dziko lino, ponena kuti, "kuti mwanayo ali ndi ufulu woposa moyo wa mkazi." Oweruzawo adagamula kuti lamulo la Texas linaphwanya ufulu wa Roe kuchitetezo chomwe chinapezeka m'chaka chachinayi ndi chachinayi komanso kuti mkazi ali ndi ufulu kuthetsa mimba yake. McCorvey anali ndi pakati pamene adakhala wotsogolera. Mu June 1970, iye anabala ndipo anamuika mwana kuti akhale mwana wake .
Mu 1971, chigamulo cha khoti la chigawo cha Roe v Wade chikudandaula, choncho mlanduwu umatumizidwa kumapeto koyamba a milandu ya US Supreme Court.