Mfundo Zochotsa Mimba
Mukamapanga chisankho chokhudza mimba yanu, nkofunika kuti mukhale ndi zowonjezereka zochotsa mimba. Kuchotsa mimba ndi njira yomwe mkazi amasankha kuthetsa mimba. Mimba yosakonzekera ndi nkhaŵa yaikulu yomwe imakhudza anthu zikwi chaka chilichonse. Pafupifupi theka la mimba 6 miliyoni yomwe imachitika chaka chilichonse ku United States sichikonzekera.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu Zotsatira za Umoyo Wokhudzana ndi Kugonana ndi Kubereka , pafupifupi amayi 50 mwa amayi 100 aliwonse omwe anakumana ndi mimba yosakonzekera anali kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoberekera panthawi yomwe adatenga mimba. Kuchotsa mimba ndi imodzi mwa njira zamankhwala zomwe zimachitika ku United States monga pafupifupi mimba 1,3 miliyoni zochotsa mimba chaka chilichonse. Deta imasonyeza kuti amayi oposa 40% amathetsa mimba mwa kuchotsa mimba nthawi ina mu miyoyo yawo yobereka.
Chidule Chachidule
Mu 1973, milandu ya Supreme Court Roe v. Wade inati amayi ali ndi ufulu wochotsa mimba m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi (2 trimesters) ya mimba, potero amavomereza mimba. Khotilo linanena kuti kuchotsa mimba ndi ufulu wapadera pansi pa malamulo a US ndi kuletsa mimba kungaphwanya Mchitidwe Wopangira Chigamulo cha 14 (zomwe zimateteza motsutsa zochita za boma kukana ufulu wa chinsinsi, kuphatikizapo mkazi yemwe ali woyenera kuthetsa mimba).
Khotilo linatsimikiza kuti mwana wosabadwayo (yemwe sangathe kukhalapo kunja kwa chiberekero) si munthu molingana ndi zomwe zili mu gawo limodzi la Chigwirizano Chachinayi, ufulu woterewu sungagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa mwana wosabadwayo. Kuyambira pachigamulo cha khoti lopambana, malamulo ambiri a federal ndi boma aperekedwa kapena aperekedwa.
Kuchotsa mimba ndi chimodzi mwa magawo ovuta kwambiri ndi ovomerezeka mwalamulo pankhani ya mankhwala.
Mu 2003, Pulezidenti George W. Bush adasindikiza lamulo loyamba loletsa kuchotsa mimba, zomwe zimaletsa njira yothetsera mimba (D & X). Ngakhale kuti lamuloli limatchulidwa mwalamulo kuti "Chotsatira Chotsatira Mimba Yopereka Mimba ya 2003," ndikofunika kuwonetsa kuti ndondomekoyi yodziwika bwino mu chipatala monga Intact D & X; "Kuchotsa mimba mwachisawawa" ndizandale, osati mankhwala.
Pamene Akazi Amachotsa Mimba
Pafupifupi 88% ya mimba imagwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa miyezi itatu yoyamba (ya miyezi itatu) ya mimba. Pafupifupi 59% zimachitika masabata asanu ndi atatu oyambirira a mimba, 19% mu masabata 9 mpaka 10, ndi 10% mu masabata 11 mpaka 12.
Pafupifupi 10 peresenti ya mimba imapezeka pa trimester yachiwiri (6% mu masabata 13-15 ndi 4% pa sabata 20). Pambuyo pa masabata 24 a mimba, kuchotsa mimba kumaperekedwa kokha chifukwa cha zifukwa zowopsa (ndikuwerengera zosachepera 1% za kuchotsa mimba). Kutaya mimba kumayambiriro ndi kosavuta, kosavuta, ndipo kumakhala kosakwera mtengo kusiyana ndi mimba yomwe imachitika mtsogolo mukakhala ndi mimba.
Zolemba ndi Chiwerengero cha Anthu
- Akazi a US, a zaka 24 ndi aang'ono, amawerengera pafupifupi 52% mwa iwo amene amachotsa mimba. Nambalayi ikuphatikizidwanso kuti: 19% ya mimba imeneyi imapezedwa ndi achinyamata, ndipo amayi a zaka zapakati pa 20 mpaka 24 amawerengera 33% za mimba imeneyi.
- Pafupifupi 60% za mimba zimapezeka ndi amayi omwe ali ndi mwana mmodzi.
- Awiri mwa magawo atatu a mimba yonse amapezeka mwa amayi omwe sanakwatiranepo.
- Akazi a mtundu uliwonse wa anthu ndi mtundu wawo amasankhidwa kuti achotse mimba: 78% mwa amayi omwe atulutsa lipoti lochotsa mimba ali ndi chipembedzo, 88% mwa amayi omwe amachotsa mimba amakhala m'midzi, ndipo amayi 57% omwe amachotsa mimba ndizochuma osauka (kukhala pansi pa federal poverty level).
- Azimayi omwe amachotsa mimba, 54% anali kugwiritsa ntchito njira yoletsa kubereka panthawi imene anatenga pakati. Ambiri mwa mimba imeneyi amachokera ku makondomu akuswa kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika (49%) komanso chifukwa cha amayi omwe anaphonya kutenga mapiritsi awo (76%).
- Gawo la amayi onse ofuna zochotsa mimba sizinagwiritse ntchito njira iliyonse ya kulera pamene iwo anatenga pakati (ngakhale kuti akugwirizana ndi ogonana nawo chifukwa chosafuna kutenga pakati).
Kusankha Kuchotsa Mimba
Ndikofunika kuti mayi apange chisankho chodziwika bwino pamene akuganiza kuti atenge mimba. Kukambirana zomwe mungachite ndi anzanu okhulupilika komanso othandizana nawo, komanso uphungu wokhudzana ndi mimba, zingakhale zothandiza pakupeza chisankho chomwe mkazi amamva bwino. Akazi akhoza kusankha pakati pa mitundu iwiri kapena iwiri yochotsa mimba malinga ndi masabata angati omwe ali ndi pakati. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yochotsera mimba ndi milungu isanu ndi umodzi mutatha msambo. M'mbuyomu, kunali kudandaula kuti kuchotsa mimba kungapangitse chiopsezo cha amayi cha khansa ya m'mawere . Kafukufuku waposachedwapa komanso mosamala kwambiri, amasonyeza kuti palibe kugwirizana pakati pa kuchotsa mimba komanso kukhala ndi kansa ya m'mawere m'moyo.
Zifukwa Zomwe Amayi Amachotsera Mimba
Chigamulo chochotsa mimba nthawi zambiri chimasankhidwa ndi zifukwa zosiyana ndi zosiyana. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti amai ambiri omwe akukumana ndi chisankho sichimapangitsa. Kaŵirikaŵiri ndi kufufuza zambiri za moyo, kulingalira ndi kuyesa pa zochitika zonse zomwe chisankho ichi chapangidwa. Kwazaka zambiri, kafukufuku akhala akuwulula zifukwa zofanana kuchokera kwa amayi ndi chifukwa chake iwo asankha kuchotsa mimba.
Ndondomeko
Njira zonse zochotsera mimba zilipo, komabe zimasiyana pa gawo lililonse la mimba. Kawirikawiri, kamodzi kamakhala ndi pakati pa masabata 7, njira zowatulutsira mimba zokha zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Mimba yachiwiri-trimester imakhala ndi mavuto aakulu kuposa oyambirira-trimester. Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri amakhulupirira, nkofunikanso kuzindikira kuti American Psychological Association yapeza kuti palibe umboni wakuti kuchotsa mimba kumabweretsa mavuto a maganizo.
> Zotsatira:
> Finer, Lawrence B. ndi Lori F. Frohwirth, Lindsay A. Dauphinee, Susheela Singh ndi Ann F. Moore. " Zifukwa Zomwe Amayi Amayi Amachotsera Mimba: Zowonjezera ndi Zotsatira Zokwanira ." Zolinga zaumoyo wokhuza kugonana ndi kubereka . 2005, 37 (3): 110-118.
> Guttmacher Institute. (2007). Mwachidule: Mfundo zokhudzana ndi mimba yotulutsidwa ku United States .
> Jones, RK, Darroch, JE, & Henshaw SK (2002). "Amayi aku US amachotsa mimba m'chaka cha 2000-2001" amagwiritsa ntchito njira zoberekera. Zolingalira zaumoyo wokhuza kugonana ndi kubereka, 34 (6) , 294-303.
> Paul, M. (1999). Buku la kachipatala kwa kuchotsa mimba ndi kuchipatala . New York: Churchill Livingstone.
> Pichler, S. (2007). Mmene Kuchotsa Mimba Kumaperekedwera . Kukonzekera Parenthood.