Zida zachipatala ndi zowonjezera zimathandiza madokotala kuti azindikire ndi kusamalira mbali zosiyanasiyana za thanzi la wodwalayo kuti athe kupeza matenda. Kamodzi kafukufuku atapangidwa, dokotala akhoza kupereka dongosolo loyenera la mankhwala.
Zipangizo zamankhwala zowonongeka zimapezeka m'zipatala zapakati pazipatala za akuluakulu ndi ana, muzipinda zozizira, komanso zipinda zam'zipatala zosayembekezereka komanso zipangizo zamankhwala.
Mndandanda wa zotsatirazi siwukwanira, koma umapereka chidule cha zida zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Stethoscopes
Ma stethoscopes ndi omwe amadziwika kwambiri ndi zipangizo zonse zochizira matenda. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti amvetsere kumveka kwa mtima, mapapo, komanso ngakhale kuthamanga kwa magazi mu mitsempha ndi mitsempha.
Stethoscopes amathandizira kupeza:
- Chibayo
- Bronchitis
- Mitengo ya mtima
- Matenda a mtima
- Arrhythmia
- Nkhani za valve yamtima
Stethoscopes imagwiritsidwanso ntchito limodzi ndi sphygmomanometer kuti ayese kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Makina a Stethoscopes amawoneka bwino kwambiri pakumvetsera kwa mtima wotsika komanso kumveka bwino. Amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa kompyuta kuti alembe ndi kusunga mawu. Zikhoza kusungidwa kwa ogulitsa omwe amalola anthu angapo kumvetsera palimodzi ndi stethoscopes. Mbali yomalizirayi ndi yofunika pophunzitsa ophunzirira, okhalamo, ndi anzawo.
Sphygmomanometers
Udokotala wotsutsa umboni watsimikizira kuti kuyeza kwa magazi ndikofunikira pozindikira thanzi labwino la munthu.
Sphygmomanometer ingathandize kuthandizira:
- Matenda a shuga
- Kuthamanga kwapamwamba kapena kutsika kwa magazi
- Madzi akuumitsa
- Chidutswa cha mankhwala
- Kusamvetseka
Kuthamanga kwa magazi kwagwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda angapo. Pali mankhwala angapo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Buku la sphygmomanometers limaonedwa kuti ndilodalirika kwambiri. Mankhwala a Mercury safuna kuti zizoloŵezi zikhale zozoloŵera ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika zoopsa kwambiri.
Aneroid sphygmomanometers ndi ochepa kwambiri odalirika chifukwa amatha kutayika pamene akugwedezeka, zomwe zingakhale zochitika zowonongeka m'masewera a zaumoyo. Mitambo yokwera pamtunda ingachepetse mwayi umenewu, koma iyenera kukhala ndi mayendedwe a calibration kuti mukhale otsimikiza. Ndondomeko yosawerengeka imadziwika ngati makina opanga mawotchi owerengera, komanso babu ndi mpweya wa mpweya.
Dokotala wazitsulo wamagazi a digitala ndi yaing'ono kwambiri komanso yotchuka kwambiri. Ngakhale mosavuta kugwira ntchito, iwo ndi ochepa kwambiri.
Digital sphygmomanometers, monga digito yawopseza magazi, ndi magetsi. Iwo akhoza kupangidwira mwadongosolo kapena mwachangu. Zimakhala zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito koma zimakhala ndi mphamvu ya magazi mwachindunji. Miyuniti ya digiriyamu imaphatikizapo kupanikizika kwa thupi, komwe kwenikweni kumasintha kukhala pafupifupi systolic ndi diastolic. Djigmomanometer ya digito ndiye imayenera kupeza zomwe ziwerengero za systolic ndi diastolic zikanakhala. Izi zimathandiza kumalo osangalatsa kumene buku la mercury manometers lingatsimikizire kuti silikugwira ntchito chifukwa cha kusowa kwa dokotala kuti amve nyimbo za Korotkoff.
Ophthalmoscopes
Ophthalmoscopes ndi zipangizo zamanja zomwe zimalola dokotala kuwona mu ndalama za diso la wodwalayo.
Chida cha mtundu umenewu chogwiritsira ntchito chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pamayesero apamtima kapena achilendo.
Ophthalmoscopes ingathandize kuthandizira:
- Matenda a bakiteriya
- Retinas odziwika
- Glaucoma
Pali mitundu iwiri ya ophthalmoscopes.
Ophthalmoscopes otsogolera amaonetsa chithunzi chowongoka cha kukula kokwanira ka 15. Zipangizozi zimagwiridwa pafupi ndi diso la wodwalayo momwe zingathere.
Ophthalmoscopes osalunjika amapanga chithunzi chopotozedwa cha kukula kwa 2 mpaka 5 kukweza. Ophthalmoscopes osalunjika amachitidwa mainchesi 24 mpaka 30 kuchokera pa diso la wodwalayo. Zizindikiro zimakhalanso ndi nyali zowonjezereka kwambiri kotero zimakhala zogwira mtima kuposa momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito ngati odwala odwala matendawa.
Zojambulajambula
Zojambulajambula ndi zipangizo zamanja zomwe zimalola madokotala kuti ayang'ane mu khola la khutu ndi kuwona memphane ya tympanic kupyolera mu lens yokulitsa.
Zojambulajambula zimathandiza kuzindikira:
- Matenda a makutu
- Ziphuphu (kumalira m'makutu)
- Zifukwa za vertigo kapena chizungulire
- Matenda a Meniere
- Kusambira Kumvetsera
Mutu wa otoscope umakhalanso ndi kuwala. Kuwala, pamodzi ndi lenti yopukusa, imathandiza kuti muwone khutu lakunja ndi pakati. Gawo limene dokotala amalowetsa muzakumwa la khutu limatchedwa speculum. Kutaya specula kumasungidwa mu chipinda choyesa kuti chipinda chatsopano chikhale chogwirizana ndi zojambulazo kwa wodwala aliyense.
Electrocardiographs
Electrocardiographs amayeza mphamvu zamagetsi za mtima . Panthawi yofufuzayi, kuthamanga kwa mtima kungathe kulembedwa, komanso nthawi zonse zomwe zidachitika. Izi ndi zizindikiro zikuluzikulu ziwiri zomwe zili mu mtima. Madokotala akhoza kuwerenga ngakhale electrocardiograph kudziwa kukula ndi malo a chipinda chilichonse cha mtima. Ndipo potsiriza, kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu kwa electrocardiograph ndiko kufufuza kukhumudwa kwa mtima ndi zotsatira ndi chithandizo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena kuikidwa kwa zipangizo.
Thermometer
Thermometers imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera onse ndi mausamaliro, kuchokera ku mayesero achizoloŵezi mpaka ku dipatimenti yosavuta yachithandizo kupita kuchipatala. Panopa pali mafakitale omwe amafupikitsa nthawi yoyenera kuti ayese kutentha kwa wodwalayo. Zida zamagetsi zimatha kukhazikitsidwa pa gawo lapadera la thupi likuyesedwa, monga pakamwa, pansi pamimba, pamutu, kapena khutu.