Kodi munayamba mwaiwala kutenga mankhwala anu? Kapena, kodi mwasiya mankhwala oyambitsa antibiotic kumayambiriro chifukwa mwakhala bwino? Ngati inde, simuli nokha. Pamodzi ndi anthu 50 peresenti omwe samamwa mankhwala awo monga momwe adayankhulira, kumamatira mankhwala kwakhala vuto lalikulu kwa kayendedwe ka zaumoyo ku United States.
Khama lalikulu lakhala lopanga njira zatsopano zothandizira kuti tigwirizane nazo, ndi njira zingapo zamagetsi ndi zotsika mtengo zomwe zilipo pamsika.
Mabokosi a mapiritsi, mauthenga, ndi mabotolo omwe ali ndi chip ndizogwiritsidwa ntchito monga njira zothetsera kukakamiza mankhwala. Komabe, njira zatsopano izi sizinapereke umboni wovomerezeka, wotsimikiziridwa kuti munthu wagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala awo.
Kufika kwa "mapiritsi apamwamba" omwe ali ndi chojambulira pakali pano akupereka njira yotsatira yakutsatira mankhwala. Teknoloji yatsopano yathanzi yakhala ndi chidwi chochuluka cha sayansi ndi ma TV, komanso momwe anthu amamvera. Kodi mapiritsi omwe angatumize uthenga kuchokera m'magazi (kapena m'magazi) athandizire thanzi lathu m'njira yatsopano? Ndipo, kodi pali zochitika zokhudzana ndi mapiritsi atsopano a digito omwe ayenera kufufuzidwa musanayambe kujambula zamakono atsopano?
FDA imavomereza Piritsi Yoyamba ya Digital
Mu November 2017, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) inavomereza mankhwala oyamba omwe ali ndi njira yowonongeka kwa digito.
Mapiritsi ovomerezeka amapangidwa ndi Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Kuyambira mwezi wa July 2012, Otsuka wakhala akugwira ntchito ndi kampani ya California ku Proteus Digital Health kuti adziwe mankhwala omwe ali nawo omwe akupezeka ndi antipsychotic Abilify (dzina lachidziwitso la aripiprazole) ndi chojambulira chodziwika kwambiri cha (IEM). Chombo chatsopano, Abilify MyCite, chingazindikire ngati mankhwala atengedwa.
Mapepala opangidwa ndi mkuwa, magnesium, ndi silicon-amapangidwa kuti atumize chizindikiro cha magetsi kwa munthu amene akulandira kunja kamodzi piritsi likasakanikirana ndi mimba yamadzi.
Wolandira (pakali pano ndi chigamba) azivala ku nthiti yamanzere. Chigambachi chimayankhula ndi pulogalamu ya smartphone kudzera pa Bluetooth ndipo imapereka chidziwitso tsiku ndi nthawi mankhwalawa atengedwa. Zomwezi zikhoza kutumizidwa kwa gulu la anthu osankhidwa (mpaka 4) mothandizidwa ndi chilolezo cha ogwiritsa ntchito. Piritsi ya dijito yomwe ikuyembekezeredwa kwambiri ikuyembekezeka kudzachitika mu 2018 ndipo izi zidzatsatiridwa ndi zinthu zina mu digito ya mankhwala a digito.
Mapulogalamu opangidwa ndi Proteus agwiritsidwa ntchito ku madera ena a mankhwala, naponso. Chotupa chosadziwika (chopanda mankhwala alionse) chinalandira chivomerezo cha FDA kale mu 2012. Chigwiritsire ntchito kupanga mankhwala osokoneza bongo chifukwa cha matenda osokoneza bongo komanso mtundu wa shuga. Zimakonza zoyeza anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer's, chiwindi cha chiwindi C ndi omwe adatulutsidwa kuchipatala awonetsedwanso. Kulimbitsa MyCite ndilo kokha amene ali membala wa banja la Proteus la mapiritsi a digito.
Ndipotu, chisankho cha FDA cha mapiritsi awo ovomerezeka oyambirira chinadabwitsa akatswiri ena.
Abilify ndi mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda ena a maganizo, kuphatikizapo schizophrenia, matenda ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha maganizo, ndi kuvutika maganizo. Ena amanena kuti kusintha kwa mapiritsi a digito sikungayesedwe bwino ndi anthu omwe (kale) amawona zokhumba zawo ndi kukhala ndi malingaliro opitilira omwe akuyang'aniridwa kapena kuzunzidwa. Kuwuza munthu yemwe ali ndi zizindikiro za schizophrenia kuti adye mapiritsi omwe atumizira zizindikiro kuchokera mthupi lawo akhoza kuwononga mkhalidwe wawo. Choncho, chithandizo cha adotolo chidzakhala chofunikira kwambiri pofuna kukhazikitsa zomwe anthu angathe kupindula ndi piritsi yatsopano yomwe ingakhale yovulazidwa nayo.
Kukonda Kudzikonda Kwambiri Kapena Big Brother Biomedical?
Ngakhale mapiritsi a digito angapereke chidziwitso chofunikira pa kumamatira mankhwala (komanso momwe thupi limakhudzidwira nthawi zina) zokhudzana ndi ntchito zawo (monga machitidwe, chinsinsi ndi chitetezo cha data). Mwachitsanzo, ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatha kuperekedwa kwa anthu omwe satha kumvetsetsa zonse zomwe zimachitika pakugawana deta, kukankhira njira zamakono pazinthuzi kungawoneke ngati akulimbikitsidwa. Chitsanzo china cha zomwe zingakhale zovuta kuzigwiritsa ntchito zingaphatikizepo makampani a inshuwalansi omwe amalimbikitsa kwambiri mapiritsi okhala ndi masensa, kukakamiza anthu ena kuti asankhe mankhwala am'chipatala omwe mwachiwonekere adzawonjezereka ntchito pogonjera.
Izi zanenedwa kuti m'tsogolo, mapiritsi a digito akhoza kukhala mkhalidwe wa parole. Angakhalenso vuto loti atuluke kuchipatala-wina angaganizire dziko limene mudzafunikire kuvomereza kuti musamalidwe. Makampani monga Otsuka amawauza kuti alibe malingaliro oterowo. Komabe, n'zovuta kufotokoza momwe teknolojiayi idzagwiritsidwire ntchito mtsogolo.
Amelia Montgomery akulemba mu Vanderbilt Journal ya Entertainment ndi Technology Law kuti sizikuwonekeratu pomwe malamulo amtundu wachinsinsi adzagwiritsidwa ntchito ku mapiritsi a digito ku United States. Montgomery amalingalira kuti mapiritsi a digito sangathe kuyang'aniridwa ndi Health Insurance Portability Act (Accountability Act) (HIPAA) pamene ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuzinthu zina zaumoyo. Zili zovuta kwambiri kuonetsetsa kuti deta ikudziwika. Zizindikiro, monga zopangidwa ndi Proteus, zimatha kutenga zambiri zokhudza munthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kumumvera munthu m'njira zomwe munthuyo sangamvetse.
Kupatsa Anthu Kusankha
Mwamwayi, ndondomeko zingapo zothandizira zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti athetse mavuto ena okhudzana ndi mapiritsi a digito. Mwachitsanzo, mapiritsi amakonzedwa kotero kuti wothandizira ali ndi mphamvu zenizeni zokhudzana ndi amene akudziwe zambiri. Komanso, wogwiritsa ntchito akhoza kuchotsa chilolezo pamtundu uliwonse popanda zotsatira. Komanso, popeza pulogalamu yamapirisi ya digito imadalira anthu omwe amavala patch (kapena transmitter), komanso kugwiritsa ntchito foni yamakono, kutenga mbali kwawo kumadalira kukhumba kwawo kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zina.
Ngakhale zili choncho, akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi a digito kuyenera kukhala pazinthu zinazake, monga mayesero ozunguza bongo pamene kuli kofunika kuonetsetsa kuti mankhwala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi otsogolera kuti apitirize kufufuza kovomerezeka. Ndipotu, kugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi a digito kungachepetse kwambiri ndalama zomwe zimayesedwa, komanso kuti aziwongolera molondola. Ziyembekezere kuti magulu ena a anthu akhoza kukhala otseguka kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi a digito. Mwachitsanzo, anthu achikulire omwe adakali ndi mavuto omwe amatha kuiwala kumwa mankhwala (kapena kuwatenga kawiri) pokhapokha atathandizidwa ndi zipangizo zamakono.
Ena amatsutsa kuti kuyenera kusokonezeka pakati pa kutetezera zachinsinsi komanso kusokoneza gawo la mapiritsi a digito. Montgomery imati kuopsa kwa ogwiritsira ntchito ndi kochepa poyerekezera ndi kuchepa, kuchepetsa mtengo komanso mapindu a umoyo omwe makina atsopanowa amapereka.
Malinga ngati chilolezo chovomerezeka mwachangu chikugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala pakuika mapiritsi a digito, zokhudzana ndi makhalidwe abwino zingathe kuyendetsedwa. Ngati ogwiritsira ntchito mapiritsi atsopano akuwululidwa bwino, komanso amatha kufunsa mafunso, izi zimapangitsa iwo kuvomereza kapena kuchepetsa mapiritsi a digito asanawagule. Kumbali ina, izi zingapangitse zina zolemetsa ndi kupanikiza kwa nthawi kwa madokotala, kotero mwina sizingakhale njira yeniyeni yeniyeni.
Kodi mapiritsi a digiri amatha kuwongolera kwenikweni?
Sizinayambe kukhazikitsidwa ngati makina opanga mankhwalawa athandizira kwambiri mankhwala. MyCite yamaluso imabweranso ndi kutsutsa kuti kusonkhanitsa deta sikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazidzidzidzi, monga kutsatira kungachedwe kapena sikuchitika konse. Akatswiri pa zachipatala, kuphatikizapo Eric Topol wa Scripps Translational Science, amanena kuti izo zidzatenga nthawi isanafike yatsopano yamakono amatha kugwiritsira ntchito kutsata kwambiri. Anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi a digito akhoza, mwachitsanzo, kukana (kapena kuiwala) kuvala chigwirizano chomwe chilipo chomwe chiyenera kusinthidwa masiku asanu ndi awiri (7) kuti athe kusonkhanitsa zizindikiro kuchokera ku mapiritsi omeza.
Maphunziro oyambirira omvera adapeza kuti zipangizo zosiyana, zonse zapamwamba ndi zapamwamba, zimalimbikitsa kutsata. Kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi Proteus anasonyezanso kuti anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amachititsa kuti matendawa asapitirire komanso mtundu wa shuga umapindula bwino. Izi zikhoza kutengedwa chifukwa chotsatira mankhwala abwino.
Njira Yopangira Mapiritsi a Digital
Pakalipano, anthu ena a Abilify omwe amafuna mankhwala oletsa mankhwalawa koma samatsatira malamulo awo ovomerezeka amalandila Kuwongolera ngati jekeseni mwezi uliwonse kuti muteteze kubwereranso kwa zizindikiro zawo. Izi zikusonyeza kuti tili ndi njira zowonongeka zosavomerezeka. Sizowonekera, komabe, ngati anthu omwe ali ndi nkhani zotsatila malamulo angakonde mapiritsi a digito ku jekeseni. Komanso, m'madera ena azachipatala, jekeseni mwezi uliwonse si njira yabwino. Choncho, mankhwala osokoneza mphamvu a maselo amatha kunyamula zofunikira pazochitika zoterezi.
Pulofesa Wothandizira Peter Chai, dokotala wachangu ku Brigham ndi Women's Hospital ku Boston, anagwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zamapirisi zamakono mu kufufuza kwaposachedwapa pofuna kuyesetsa kuteteza opioid-nkhani yovuta ku United States. Nthawi zambiri ma opioid amalembedwa pambali yofunikira kwa anthu omwe akuvutika kwambiri. Mlingo ndi mafupipafupi nthawi zambiri zimasiyidwa kumvetsetsa kwa wodwala ululu, zomwe zimabweretsa zoopsa za kuwonjezereka ndi kuzunzidwa. Chai ndi gulu lake adapeza kuti mapiritsi a digito akhoza kuthandiza kuchepetsa opioid ingestion mu nthawi yeniyeni.
Iwo adanena kuti njira zowonjezereka zitha kutengedwanso mwamsanga mutagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika, kuchepetsa chiopsezo chovulazidwa. Anthu omwe adachita nawo phunziro lawo adapeza mapiritsi apamanja adavomerezedwa ndipo anali okonzeka kupitabe. Kafukufuku wa Chai amasonyeza kuti mapiritsi ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi opaleshoni amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, ndi mankhwala oopsa kwambiri komanso magulu a anthu omwe sakhala nawo nthawi zonse ndi odziwa zaumoyo.
Kuyang'ana Kuyang'ana M'tsogolo
Mapazi (kuphatikizapo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mapiritsi a digito) ali ndi mphamvu yosonkhanitsa mfundo zina zamagetsi, monga kugona, zizindikiro zofunika, ndi thupi. Pogwiritsira ntchito patch kwazinthu zambiri za deta, dongosolo la thanzi la digito lingapange chithunzithunzi chachikulu cha munthu amene akugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuphatikizapo zotsatira za kumeza. Pankhaniyi, machitidwewa ali ndi mwayi wokonzanso njira yomwe timachiritsira ndi mankhwala.
> Zotsatira:
> Brown MT, Bussell JK. Kuvomereza Mankhwala: WHO Amatisamalira? Mayo Clinic Proceedings . 2011; 86 (4): 304-314. do: 10.4065 / mcp.2010.0575.
> Buono E, Vrijens B, Bosworth H, Liu L, Zullig L, Granger B. Akubwera mzere wozungulira muyeso ya kumamatira mankhwala: mwayi ndi zofunikira pa chisamaliro. Kusakanizidwa ndi Kupirira . 2017; 11: 1009-1017.
> Chai P, Boyer E, Mayer K, et al. Mapiritsi a digiri kuti awononge ma opioid ingest patterns mu odwala opaleshoni ogwira ntchito opwetekedwa kupweteka: kuphunzira woyendetsa. Journal of Medical Internet Research , 2017; 19 (1).
> Montgomery A. Chimene dokotala adalamula: kutetezera chinsinsi popanda kulepheretsa kukula kwa mapiritsi a digito . Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment ndi Technology Law . 2016; (1): 147-175.
> Mullard A. Kodi mukufuna chips ndi izo? Mapiritsi ovomerezeka a digito, omwe amafika pamsika posachedwa, apatseni mwayi wothetsera mavuto akuluakulu othandizira kumwa mankhwala m'zochitika zachipatala ndi mayesero a zachipatala. Kufufuza Kwambiri Mankhwala . 2015; (11): 735-735.