Zolemba Zachilengedwe Zopangidwira

Tsatanetsatane yeniyeni yokhudza zikhalidwe zamakono (BMI) inasowa kwa nthawi yaitali. Pofuna kubweretsa chidwi pa gawo la sayansiyi, Charles Friedman, Ph.D., adapanga chidziwitso chofunikira cha nkhani zachilengedwe. Ilo likuti "munthu wogwira ntchito mogwirizana ndi chidziwitso ndi" bwino "kusiyana ndi munthu yemweyo yemwe sagwirizana." Friedman's theorem si kwenikweni masamu a masamu aumulungu (omwe ali okhudzana ndi kuchotsedwa ndipo amavomereredwa kukhala oona), koma m'malo osokoneza bongo chofunika cha BMI.

Theorem imatanthawuza kuti akatswiri azamalidwe a zaumoyo akukhudzidwa ndi momwe zida zothandiza zimatha (kapena sangathe) kuthandiza anthu. Ponena za 'munthu' mu zolemba zake, Friedman akuganiza kuti izi zikhoza kukhala munthu ( wodwala , wodwala, wasayansi, wotsogolera ), gulu la anthu kapena ngakhale bungwe.

Kuwonjezera pamenepo, theorem yomwe ikufunidwa ili ndi zigawo zitatu zomwe zimathandiza kufotokozera zachuma bwino:

1. Informatics ndi zambiri za anthu kuposa zamakono. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zothandizira ziyenera kumangidwira phindu la anthu.
2. Zomwe zimaphatikizapo zidziwitso ziyenera kuphatikizapo chinthu chimene munthuyo sadziwa. Izi zikusonyeza kuti chitsimikizo chiyenera kukhala cholondola komanso chodziwitsa.
3. Kuyanjana pakati pa munthu ndi chitsimikizo kumatsimikizira ngati theorem ikugwira. Chokhazikitsidwa ichi chimadziwa kuti zomwe timadziwa ponena za munthu yekhayo kapena zowonjezera zokha sizingathe kuneneratu zotsatira zake.

Mphatso ya Friedman yadziwika kuti ikuyimira BMI mwanjira yosavuta komanso yosavuta kumva. Komabe, olemba ena atsimikizira njira zina zowonetsera ndi zina zowonjezera kwake. Mwachitsanzo, Pulofesa Stuart Hunter wa ku Yunivesite ya Princeton anagogomezera ntchito ya sayansi pakugwira ntchito ndi deta .

Gulu la asayansi ochokera ku yunivesite ya Texas linalimbikitsanso kuti tanthauzo la BMI liyenera kuphatikizapo lingaliro lakuti chidziwitso ku informatics ndi 'deta komanso tanthawuzo'. Mabungwe ena apamwamba amapereka matanthauzo ambiri omwe amadziwika kuti chikhalidwe cha BMI ndi chidziwitso pa deta, chidziwitso, ndi chidziwitso pa nkhani ya biomedicine.

Mawu a Foreman's Theorem Yaikulu

Ndikofunika kuganizira mafotokozedwe a theorem ponena za anthu kapena mabungwe omwe angagwiritse ntchito zida zowonjezera. Kaya zolembazo ziridi zoona pazochitika zina zingathe kuyesedwa moyesedwa ndi mayesero osinthidwa mosavuta ndi maphunziro ena.

M'munsimu muli zitsanzo za momwe Friedman angagwiritsidwire ntchito pa nkhani ya chisamaliro chamankhwala tsopano kuchokera kwa anthu osiyana.

Odwala Odwala

• Wodwala akugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya chikumbutso cha mankhwala adzagwirizana kwambiri ndi mankhwala ake kuposa wodwala omwe sagwiritsa ntchito pulogalamuyi.
• Wodwala akuyesera kuchepa thupi amene amayesa zakudya ndi zochita masewera olimbitsa thupi pulogalamu yamapulogalamu yamapulogalamu yamapulogalamu yamapulogalamu yamtundu wa foni amatha kulemera kwambiri kuposa wodwala yemwe alibe pulogalamuyo
• Wodwala amene amagwiritsa ntchito pakhomo lachilendo kuti adziyankhulane ndi dokotalayo amamva kuti akugwira ntchito mosamala kwambiri kuposa wodwalayo yemwe alibe pakhomo.

• Wodwala yemwe amagwiritsa ntchito pakhomo la odwala kuti ayang'ane zotsatira zowunikira adzakhutira ndi chisamaliro chake kuposa wodwala yemwe alibe pakhomo.
• Wodwala amene amapezeka pa intaneti pa matenda a nyamakazi amatha kupambana bwino ndi matenda ake kusiyana ndi wodwalayo omwe alibe msonkhano.

Ogwiritsira Ntchito Chipatala

• Katswiri wa ana akugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono (EHR) ndi zikumbutso za katemerayu zidzakhala zosavuta kuti adziwe katemera omwe alipo popanda zikumbutso.
• Wopereka mankhwala opatsirana mwadzidzidzi omwe ali ndi mwayi wopezera mauthenga a zaumoyo wamba (HIE) adzayesa zochepera zocheperapo zochepa kusiyana ndi wothandizira omwewo popanda HIE.

• Namwino amene amagwiritsira ntchito waya opanda magetsi kuti atumize zizindikiro zofunika ku EHR adzapanga zolakwika zochepa zolemba kuposa namwino yemwe alibe chipangizo chopanda waya.
• Woweruza mlandu wogwiritsira ntchito olemba odwala adzazindikiritsa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lachipsinjo losalamulirika kuposa woyang'anira mlandu womwewo popanda kulembetsa.
• Gulu lochita opaleshoni pogwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko yoteteza chitetezo lidzakhala ndi matenda ochepa opatsirana opaleshoni kusiyana ndi gulu lomwelo la opaleshoni popanda ndandanda. ( Dziwani kuti mndandanda ndi chitsanzo cha chinsinsi chomwe sichiyenera kukhala kompyuta.)
• Dokotala akugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chothandizira chisamaliro (CDS) chothandizira ma antibayotiki akhoza kupereka mankhwala oyenerera a antibiotic kuposa dokotala yemwe alibe chogwiritsa ntchito CDS.

Health Care Organisation Ogwiritsa Ntchito

• Chipatala chomwe chimakhala ndi kompyuta yoopsa kwambiri yoopsa kwambiri (DVT) ku EHR idzakhala ndi DVTs zochepa kuposa chipatala chomwecho popanda pulogalamuyi.
• Chipatala chomwe chili ndi chipangizo chamakono cholowera madokotala (CPOE) chidzakhala ndi ma telefoni ochepa kuposa chipatala chomwecho popanda chipangizo cha CPOE.
• Chipatala chomwe chimagwiritsira ntchito HIE kutumiza mwachidule kufotokozera kwa otsogolera oyambirira adzakhala ndi zolemba zochepa kuposa chipatala chomwecho popanda HIE.
• Nyumba yosungirako anthu okalamba pogwiritsira ntchito matekinoloje a mphamvu zimakhala ndi chiŵerengero chochepa cha odwala akugwa kuposa nyumba yomweyi yosungirako okalamba popanda masensa.
• Kliniki ya zamaphunziro a ophunzira yomwe imatumiza zikumbutso za mauthenga amtunduwu idzakwaniritsa katemera wotchuka wa papillomavirus (HPV) ya anthu kuposa chipatala popanda dongosolo la mauthenga.
• Kachipatala chakumidzi pogwiritsira ntchito telemedicine kuti awonetsedwe ndi akatswiri amtunduwu amatumiza odwala ochepa ku chipinda chodzidzimutsa, poyerekeza ndi chipatala chomwecho popanda telemedicine.
• Ntchito yachipatala ndi dashboard yowonjezera khalidwe idzawonetsa mipata mu chisamaliro chaumoyo mofulumira kwambiri kusiyana ndi kachitidwe komweko popanda dashboard.

Zatsopano pa Zomangamanga

Nthaŵi zina mazinthu a zaumisiri amaphunzira mavuto aakulu omwe angakhale ovuta kuwombera. Mundawu umaphatikizapo kufufuza kwakukulu, kuchokera ku mayeso a mabungwe kupita ku zitsulo zamtundu wamtundu (genus research). Ikhoza kugwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga zitsanzo zamakono, zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zolemba zaumoyo (EHR). Akatswiri awiri ochokera ku yunivesite ya Pittsburgh, Gregory Cooper ndi Shyam Visweswaran, akugwira ntchito popanga mafilimu pogwiritsa ntchito nzeru zamakono (AI), makina opanga makina (ML) ndi ma Bayesian. Ntchito yawo ikhonza kuthandiza pa chitukuko cha zitsanzo za odwala. Mafano omwe tsopano akukhala ofunika kwambiri kuchipatala chamakono.

> Zotsatira:

> Bernstam E, Smith J, Johnson T. Kodi chikhalidwe cha zasayansi ndi chiyani ?. J Biomed Inform . 2010; 43: 104-110.

> Friedman CP. "Chinthu Chofunika Kwambiri" cha Zomangamanga Zachilengedwe . Dziwani Zomwe Mungachite. 2009; 16: 169-170.

> Hunter J. Kupititsa patsogolo Friedman's "Theorem yofunikira ya zamakhalidwe a zamoyo" . Dziwani Zomwe Mungachite . 2010; 17 (1): 112.

> Visweswaran S, Cooper G. Mafano Odziwikiratu Owonetsera Zomwe Amaphunzira . J Mach Learn Res . 2010; 11: 3333-3369.