Mankhwala Oyenera Kuchiza ndi Kuteteza Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis ndi matenda omwe amawopsya ndi kufooketsa mafupa mpaka atakhala ofooka ndi kuswa mosavuta. Azimayi ndi amuna omwe ali ndi matenda a m'mimba amathyola mafupa m'chiuno, msana, ndi dzanja. Komabe, mankhwala opatsirana mitsempha, zakudya zabwino, zochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso zotetezeka zingathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezo.
Pulogalamu Yothandizira Osteoporosis
Ngati muli ndi matenda odwala matenda a m'mimba, pulogalamu yanu ya mankhwala idzayang'ana pa:
- Zakudya zabwino - makamaka chakudya chokhala ndi calcium ndi vitamini D, zomwe zingaphatikizepo ndondomeko yotenga calcium ndi vitamini D zowonjezera
- Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, omwe amachititsa kuti thupi lanu likhale ndi thanzi labwino koma limapangitsa mphamvu ya minofu, kuyendetsa bwino ndi kusamala.
- Zomwe zimatetezedwa kuti zisawononge kugwa zingayambitse kupasuka, monga kuchotsa makoswe osungunuka pakhomo panu.
Kuonjezera apo, dokotala wanu angapereke mankhwala kuti achepetse kapena kuimitsa mafupa, kuwonjezera kuchulukana kwa mafupa, ndi kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu cha kupasuka.
Bisphosphonates
Bisphosphonates, mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza matenda a m'mimba, amachepetsa ntchito ya maselo osungunula mafupa. Panthawi yonse ya moyo wanu, fupa lakale likuchotsedwa ndipo mafupa atsopano amawonjezeka ku mafupa anu. Pamene mukukula, kugwa kwa fupa lanu kumathamanga kwambiri.
Bisphosphonates yavomerezedwa ndi US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) pofuna kupewa ndi kuchiza matenda odwala matenda odwala matenda odwala matenda a mitsempha kwa amayi atatha kusamba komanso kwa amuna.
Ma bisphosphonates otsatirawa avomerezedwa ndi FDA ogulitsa ku US:
Actonel (risedronate):
- Zingapangitse mafupa anu ndi kuchepetsa mwayi wanu wa msana, chiuno, ndi zina zowonongeka.
- Amapezeka tsiku ndi tsiku, mlungu uliwonse, mwezi uliwonse, ndi mlingo umodzi wa mwezi.
Boniva (ibandronate):
- Zingachepetse mwayi wanu wa kupweteka kwa msana. Boniva sachepetsa mwayi wanu wa chiuno ndi zina zotupa.
- Amapezeka mu mlingo wamwezi uliwonse komanso jekeseni wa m'mimba kamodzi kamodzi pa miyezi itatu iliyonse.
Fosamax (alendronate):
- Zingapangitse mafupa anu ndi kuchepetsa mwayi wanu wa msana, chiuno, ndi zina zowonongeka.
- Amapezeka m'mayeso tsiku lililonse ndi mlungu uliwonse.
Kuthamanga (zoledronic acid):
- Zingapangitse mafupa anu ndi kuchepetsa mwayi wanu wa msana, chiuno, ndi zina zowonongeka.
- Amapezeka ngati jekeseni yowonjezera yoperekedwa kamodzi pachaka.
Zotsatira zoyipa zamlomo za bisphosphonates zikuphatikizapo mavuto a m'mimba monga vuto lomeza, kutupa kwa zilonda zam'mimba ndi m'mimba.
Zotsatira zowopsa kwa bisphosphonates zimaphatikizapo zizindikiro za chimfine, malungo, kupweteka m'mimba kapena ziwalo, ndi mutu. Zotsatirazi zingathe kuchitika posangotha kulandira kulowetsedwa ndipo kawirikawiri imaima masiku awiri kapena atatu.
Kumeneku kunakhalanso ndondomeko zosawerengeka za osteonecrosis za nsagwada komanso mavuto a maso omwe anthu amamwa ndi am'kati mwa bisphosphonates.
Raloxifene
Evista (raloxifene), kuvomerezedwa ndi FDA pofuna kupewa ndi kuchiza matenda odwala matenda odwala matenda a mitsempha kwa amayi atatha kusamba, ndi gulu la mankhwala otchedwa estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs).
Evista ali ndi zotsatira zowonjezera pamatenda koma amateteza zotsatira za estrogen m'mimba ndi chiberekero.
Kukhulupirira kumachepetsa kuperewera kwa mafupa ndipo kumachepetsa chiopsezo chanu cha mitsempha pamtsempha, koma palibe chomwe chimakhudza kuphulika kwa mchiuno.
Evista ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pofuna kuthandizira kupewa khansa ya m'mawere kwa amayi omwe ali pachiopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya m'mawere.
Evista imatengedwa piritsi kamodzi tsiku ndi tsiku.
Ngakhale kuti zotsatira zake sizodziwikiratu ndi Evista, mumatha kutentha ndi kutentha kwa magazi m'mitsempha yambiri.
Calcitonin
Calcitonin, yomwe imapezeka ngati dzina lakuti Miacalcin ndi Fortical, ndi hormone yomwe imapezeka kuti imathandiza kuchepetsa thupi la kashiamu.
Amayi omwe ali osachepera zaka zisanu amatha kusamba, calcitonin imachepetsa kuperewera kwa mafupa, imapangitsa kuti msana ukhale wochepa kwambiri, imachepetsa mitsempha ya m'mimba, ndipo imatha kuchepetsa ululu wopangidwa ndi mafupa.
Calcitonin imapezeka ngati jekeseni (yoperekedwa pansi pa khungu kapena mu minofu tsiku lililonse kapena tsiku lina lililonse) kapena ngati utsi wa tsiku ndi tsiku.
Chojambulidwa ndi calcitonin chingayambitse zotsatira zosautsa komanso kuphweteka, kuphatikizapo kusuntha kwa nkhope ndi manja, kukodza nthawi zambiri, kunyoza, ndi kutupa khungu. Chotsatira chokha chokhacho chinkalembedwa ndi nasal calcitonin ndikumveka kosavuta.
Teriparatide
Forteo (teriparatide), mtundu wojambulidwa wa homoniroid hormone, umavomerezedwa kuti abambo ndi amuna omwe ali ndi matenda odwala matenda a mitsempha omwe ali pachiopsezo chachikulu chotheka.
Mosiyana ndi mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu matenda otupa mafupa, Forteo amachititsa kuti phokoso latsopano likhazikike mumsana ndi m'chiuno. Chifukwa chokhala ndi jekeseni ya tsiku ndi tsiku kwa miyezi 24, imapangitsa kuti mafupa ndi mphamvu ya fupa zisonyezedwe kuti athe kuchepetsa msana ndi zina zotha.
Zotsatirapo zimaphatikizapo kunyoza, kuzungulira, ndi ziwalo za mwendo.
Forteo ili ndi chenjezo lakuda la bokosi la FDA chifukwa chaling'ono koti Forteo angapangitse chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi osteosarcoma, khansara yosavuta koma yoopsa. Chifukwa cha chiopsezo chimenechi, musagwiritse ntchito Forteo pokhapokha ngati muli ndi matenda opaoporosis ndipo chimodzi mwazifukwazi chikutsatidwa: Muli kale ndi fupa limodzi; dokotala wanu atsimikiza kuti muli pa chiopsezo chachikulu cha fractures, kapena simungathe kutenga kapena kusalabadira mankhwala ena odwala matenda opatsirana.
Matenda a Estrogen / Hormone (ET / HT)
ET / HT yasonyezedwa kuchepetsa kuperewera kwa mafupa, kuwonjezera kuchulukana kwa mafupa m'kati mwa msana ndi m'chiuno, ndi kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha msana ndi kupweteka kwa mchiuno mwa amayi omwe akutsatira amagazi. ET / HT nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa ngati mapiritsi kapena khungu.
Pamene estrogen - yomwe imatchedwanso kuti estrogen kapena ET - imatengedwa yokha, ikhoza kuonjezera chiopsezo cha amayi kuti akhalitse khansa ya khansa ya uterine (kansa ya endometrial). Pofuna kuthetsa ngoziyi, madokotala amapereka mankhwala otchedwa hormone progestin - omwe amadziwikanso ngati mankhwala a hormone kapena HT - kuphatikiza ndi estrogen kwa amayi omwe sanakhale ndi hysterectomy .
Zotsatira za ET / HT zimaphatikizapo magazi a m'mimba, kupweteka kwa m'mawere, kusokonezeka kwa maganizo, magazi m'mitsempha, ndi matenda a gallbladder.
Chifukwa cha umboni wam'mbuyo wakuti khansa ya m'mawere, strokes, magazi, ndi matenda a mtima angapangidwe mwa amayi ena omwe amatenga estrogen, a FDA akukulimbikitsani kuti mutenge mlingo wotsika kwambiri kwa nthawi yochepa kwambiri. Estrogen iyenera kuganiziridwa ngati muli ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a osteoporosis, ndipo muyenera kuganizira kaye mankhwala odwala matenda a m'mimba omwe alibe estrogen.