Kugwira ntchito kunthaka kwa Mtengo wa Wood monga Chifukwa cha Khansa Yam'mimba
Kodi kutentha kwa dothi kumapangitsa khansara yamapapo ? Kodi mukufunikira kudziwa chiyani ngati mukugwira ntchito pafupi ndi fumbi la phulusa pa ntchito kapena mumachita masewera olimbitsa thupi? Kodi ndi "zotetezeka" zotani ndipo ndi zotani zomwe mungachite?
Kutentha kwa Wood ndi Khansa Yammimba
Dothi la Wood ndi limodzi mwa zinthu zakale zomwe zimadziwika bwino ndi anthu, ndipo ndizofunika kwambiri lero kuti anthu omwe ali ndi ntchito kuyambira ku cabinetry mpaka ogula ntchito.
Poganizira chiwerengero cha anthu ogwira ntchito komwe phulusa la nkhuni likhoza kuwaika pangozi ya khansa ya m'mapapo, tiona umboni womwe ukugwirizanitsa awiriwa. Komabe choyamba, ndi kofunika kuti muyambe kukambirana za kufunika kwa kuwonetsa ntchito ndi khansa. Panopa amaganiza kuti kugwira ntchito kwa mankhwala ndi zinthu zina ndizopangitsa kuti pakhale 27 peresenti ya khansa ya m'mapapo mwa amuna. Ngakhale nambalayi ikuwopsya, pali zambiri zomwe mungachite kuti musakhale owerengeka.
Kumbukirani kuti kansa ya m'mapapo ndi matenda ambiri. Izi zikutanthawuza kuti nthawi zambiri zingapo zowopsa za khansa ya m'mapapo zimagwirira ntchito limodzi kapena zimayambitsa khansara kupanga. Mwachitsanzo, tikudziwa kuti kutuluka kwa asibesitosi ndi kusuta kungayambitse khansa ya m'mapapo, koma pamene awiriwo akuwonjezerapo zotsatira zake zimaposa ngati mutayika zoopsa ziwiri palimodzi. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kuti pali zakudya zina zomwe zingachepetse ngozi ya khansa ya m'mapapo komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kungathandizenso.
Kaya mumagwira ntchito mozungulira phulusa, tengani kamphindi kuti mudziwe za zomwe zimachititsa khansa yamapapo ndi ntchito zomwe wogwira ntchito aliyense ayenera kudziwa.
Kutentha kwa Wood monga Carcinogeni
Phulusa la nkhuni tsopano limatengedwa ngati khansa , chinthu choganiza kuti chimayambitsa khansa mwa anthu. Dothi la nkhuni limapangidwa ndi kuphwanyidwa kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zochokera ku mtengo wolimba kapena mitengo ya softwood.
Hard Woods vs Soft Woods
Zambiri mwa maphunziro a khansa ya phulusa ndi mapapu yamapapo amasiyanitsa pakati pa fumbi la softwood ndi fumbi lamtengo wapatali, ndi fumbi lolimba lomwe limakhala loopsa kwambiri. Koma nchiyani chomwe chimapanga nkhuni zolimba ndipo ndi zovuta zotani?
- Mitengo yolimba kwambiri ndi mitengo yovuta, yomwe imataya masamba ake. Mitengo yochokera ku mitengo ina yolimba kwambiri imakhala yofewa kwambiri, monga birch ndi balsa.
- Softwoods ndi mitengo ya coniferous; Mitengo yomwe imataya masamba koma imakhala yobiriwira chaka chonse.
Kodi Maphunziro Amatiuza Chiyani?
Kafukufuku wochuluka ayang'ana mgwirizano pakati pa phulusa ndi khansa. Ndemanga ya 2015 inayang'ana pa maphunziro makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu makumi asanu ndi awiri kufikira lero, pofunsa, "Kodi fumbi limapangitsa khansara?" Mgwirizano wamphamvu kwambiri uli pakati pa nasal adenocarcinoma (khansara ya mutu ndi khosi) ndi fumbi la nkhuni. Komabe, panapezeka kuti pali umboni wosatsutsika wakuti fumbi la nkhuni lingayambitse khansa ya m'mapapo.
Kuwonanso kosiyana kwa 2015 kwa maphunziro khumi omwe amawoneka molunjika pa kufalikira kwa fumbi ndi matenda a kansa yamapapo anapeza chiopsezo chokwanira cha khansara yamapapo ndi kutuluka kwa fumbi; anthu omwe anali pfumbi la matabwa anali osachepera 20 peresenti yowonjezera matendawa. Popeza khansara yamapapo ndiyo yomwe imayambitsa matenda a khansa pakati pa amuna (ndi akazi) ndipo ikhoza kuchitika mwa osuta fodya komanso anthu omwe amasuta, izi ndi zofunika kwambiri.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, vuto lochepa la khansa ya m'mapapo linawonekera m'mayiko a Nordic omwe anali ndi fumbi lofewa kwambiri. Chomaliza chinali chakuti pali umboni wolimba wa kuphatikizapo phulusa la mapulusa ndi kansa yamapapu, koma kuti izi zikhoza kukhala zogwirizana ndi malo komanso mtundu wa phulusa.
Kafukufuku wina ku Canada adapeza kuti chiopsezo cha khansa yamapapu yokhudzana ndi kufumbika kwa phulusa chinali pafupifupi 40 peresenti kuposa iwo omwe sanatulukire kufumbi. Ntchito zowonjezereka zowonjezereka ndi ntchito yomanga, matabwa, ndi kupanga mipando. Mfundo yofunikira mu phunziro lino, ndikuti kuwonetsa kwakukulu pa nthawi yayitali kunali kofunika kuonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa, ndipo panalibe chiopsezo chachikulu pakati pa iwo omwe kuwonetsetsa kwawo kwapadera sikunali kofunikira.
(Izi zikhoza kukhala zowatsimikizirana kwa iwo amene amasangalala ndi mapangidwe monga chizoloŵezi.)
Zochitika Zina Zokhudza Matenda
Phulusa la Wood lakhala likudziwikiratu kuti liwatsogolere ku matenda ena osati khansa. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Mphuno ya khungu (dermatitis) - Mphuno ya phungu yokhudzana ndi fumbi lamatabwa ndi yowamba ndipo yapezeka poyang'ana kufumbi kuchokera ku mitundu yoposa 300 ya mitengo. Mphuno, kuyabwa, ndi kuphulika kumeneku kungabwere chifukwa cha kukwiya kwa khungu kapena, mmalo mwake, kuchokera ku zotsatira zolakwika. Tsamba lachidziwitso cha HSE limatchula zina mwazizindikiro zomwe zimatchulidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitengo .
- Zilonda zapumtima - Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zimakhala zachilendo poyerekeza ndi fumbi komanso nkhuku zowopsa . Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti mphumu ingakhale chiwopsezo cha khansa ya m'mapapo . Chodziŵika bwino kwambiri ndi cha mkungudza wofiira, komwe asanu mwa anthu ogwira ntchito amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Dothi la Wood limatengedwa kuti ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa 10 zomwe zimayambitsa pumupumu pantchito ku UK (Phunzirani zambiri za mphumu yosokoneza kapena ntchito ya mphumu ).
- Zizindikiro za kupuma chifukwa sizimagwirizana ndi chifuwa - Zizindikilo zosautsa, monga kuyabwa, kuuma, ndi zizindikiro za sinusitis zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi fumbi la nkhuni, komanso kukhwima ndi kuwomba.
- Kuchepetsa mapapu ntchito - Ngakhale zitatchulidwa zambiri ndi softwoods, kufotokoza kwa phulusa la nkhuni kungapangitse kuchepa kwa pulmona . Kuonjezera apo, kuyang'ana phulusa la nkhuni kungasokoneze cilia, ndizitsulo zazing'ono zofanana ndizo mu mtengo wopuma umene umachotsa poizoni kuchokera ku airways.
Zimalonjezedwa Zopangira Kuwonetsera
Zisanafike 1985, panalibe malangizo ochepa ochokera ku Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission ponena za kufumbikira kwa phulusa. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, pali malire osiyanasiyana omwe aperekedwa. OSHA inapereka malire oposa ora la 1 mg / m3 pa mtengo wolimba ndi 5 mg / m3 kwa nkhuni zofewa, komabe pamapeto omaliza, mphindi zisanu ndi zitatu za maola 5 mg / m3 zinasankhidwa. Chimodzimodzinso ndi fumbi la mkungudza wofiira, lomwe malire oposa asanu ndi atatu ndi 2.5 mg / m3 chifukwa cha zomwe zingayambitse zomwe zimachitika.
Ntchito Zowopsa
Ndi ntchito ziti zomwe zingapangitse kuti phulusa liziwoneka bwino lomwe likhoza kukhala vuto la khansa ya m'mapapo? Pozindikira ntchito zomwe zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri ndizofunika kuganizira za ntchito zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale phulusa. Zina mwa ngozi zomwe zili pangozi ndizo:
- Kupentala
- Ogwira ntchito pamphero ndi mapepala
- Anthu ogwira ntchito zinyumba
- Ogwira ntchito za Cabinet
- Antchito a Sawmill
Ngozi ndi Kusamala
Kuphatikiza pa kutsatira malire kwa maola asanu ndi atatu akuyang'ana phulusa la nkhuni, pali zinthu zambiri zomwe olemba ntchito ndi antchito amatha kuchita kuti kuchepetsako kuwonongeke. Ntchito zambiri (monga kutulutsa phulusa m'malo mozembera) zingachepe kwambiri. Onetsetsani zomwe OSHA akudziwitsani zowononga zoopsa ndi njira zothetsera phulusa pamtunda kuti mudziwe njira zothandizira kuchepetsa phulusa limene mumapuma kuntchito.
Zomwe Zingatheke Mu Wood Kugwira Ntchito
Ndikofunika kungodziwa kuti pangakhale zina zomwe zimawoneka poizoni pakati pa ogwira ntchito ndi nkhuni. Zina mwa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga magulu ena, angakhalenso chiwopsezo cha khansa. Onetsetsani kuti muwerenge Zolemba Zolemba Zopezeka pa Zinthu zonse zomwe mumaziwona kuntchito.
Nanga Bwanji Anu Woodworking Hobby?
Kuwonetsetsa pfumbi ngati nkhuni sizikuwoneka kuti zimayambitsa khansa ya m'mapapo. Pofufuza mpaka pano, kufotokozera phulusa ngati nkhuku sikunali kugwirizana ndi khansa ya m'mapapo, komanso ngakhale kuntchito, chiwonetsero chomwe chiyenera kukhala "chophatikiza ndi chofunika." Izi zikuti, nthawi zonse muzichita bwino mpweya wabwino pamene mukugwira ntchito ndi nkhuni ndi mankhwala alionse. Muziwerenga malemba nthawi zonse ndikutsatira malangizidwe. Ngati lemba likuvomereza kugwiritsa ntchito magolovesi kapena maski, mverani malangizo omwewo.
Pamunsi pa Mtengo wa Matope ndi Ngozi ya Khansa Yam'mimba
Zingakhale zokhumudwitsa pamene mukuganiza za matenda a khansa ndi zochitika zina. Mutha kudzigwira nokha kuti, "Kodi chirichonse sichichititsa khansara?" Komabe, kuphunzira za zoopsazi, ndi kuchitapo kanthu, sizikutanthauza kuti muyenera kukhala wotentheka. Pali zambiri zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu.
Olemba ntchito tsopano ali ndi ndondomeko pamalo omwe amamveketsa kuchuluka kwa nthawi ndi nthawi yomwe munthu angayesere pfumbi popanda kuika chiopsezo cha khansa. Izi zikuti, nkofunikira kuti ogwira ntchito onse adziŵe zitsogozozi ndi kuziwatsatira, ndi kuyankhula ngati zoyenera kuwonetsetsa ku malirewo sizitsatidwa pamalo awo antchito.
Kaya muli ndi fumbi lamtengo wapatali kapena ayi, yesetsani kufufuza malangizo awa kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mapapo . Khansara ya m'magazi imayambitsa matenda a khansa kwa amuna ndi akazi ndipo ngakhale osagwirizana kwambiri, khansa ya m'mapapo mwa osuta fodya ndiyo nambala 6 yomwe imayambitsa matenda a khansa ku United States.
Zotsatira:
Alonso-Sardon, M., Chamorro, A., Hernandez-Garcia, I. ndi al. Kugwirizana Pakati pa Ntchito Zogwira Ntchito ku Wood Pfumbi ndi Khansa: Kukonzekera Mwadongosolo ndi Meta-Analysis. PLoS One . 2015. 10 (7): e0133024.
Maofesi a Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Dothi la Wood. Kusinthidwa 09/28/11. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/pel88/wooddust.html
Hancock, D., Langley, M., Chia, K., Woodman, R., ndi E. Shanahan. Kutentha kwa Wood ndi Kuopsa kwa Khansa Yam'mimba: Meta-Analysis. Ntchito zamankhwala ndi zapansi . 2015. 72 (12): 889-98.
Vallieres, E., Pintos, J., Parent, M., ndi J. Siemiatycki. Kugwira ntchito kuntchito ndi kuopsa kwa dothi la nkhuni ndi ngozi ya khansa ya m'mimba mu Maphunziro Aŵiri Okhudza Kugonana kwa Anthu ku Montreal, ku Canada. Environmental Health . 2015. 14: 1.