Kupweteka kwa mphumu yotchedwa asthma (kapena IIA kwaifupi) ndi mtundu wa mphumu ya ntchito yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi mpweya, utsi, nthunzi kapena kutulutsa ma particles. Chimodzimodzinso ndi matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya (kapena RADS mwachidule).
Matendawa amadziwika ngati ntchito ya mphumu chifukwa ntchito zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa zinthu zomwe zimatsogolera ku RADS ndi IIA zimachitika kuntchito.
Komabe, kuwonetsetsa kwa kukhumudwitsa kumachitika kunyumba kapena m'madera onse, komanso; Choncho, RADS ndi IIA sizomwe zimagwira ntchito nthawi zonse.
RADS ndi IIA poyamba zinkadziwika ngati matenda osiyana mu 1985, ndipo nkhani zokhudzana ndi matendawa zakhala zikutsutsana. Kukhazikitsa mgwirizano weniweni pakati pa kutengeka kwa munthu ndi chidziwitso chosasangalatsa komanso zizindikiro za munthu wa mphumu sizikhala zosavuta nthawi zonse. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, kusiyana kwa RADS ndi IIA kuchokera ku mitundu ina ya mphumu kungakhale kovuta.
Kusiyana pakati pa RADS ndi IIA
Kawirikawiri, RADS imapezeka ngati munthu (popanda mphumu yomwe imapezeka kale) imayambitsa zizindikiro za mphumu pambuyo pozidzidzimutsa (nthawi zambiri) ndi zovuta kwambiri kuzimvetsa. Pakutha koyamba, munthu amene ali ndi RADS ali ndi zizindikiro za kupuma zomwe zimachitika mwamsanga (mkati mwa maola 24).
Ma ARV amakhulupirira kuti amayamba chifukwa cha poizoni m'maselo omwe amayenda pamsewu.
Kuwopsya kumayambitsa yankho la kutukusira lomwe liri losiyana ndi kuyankhidwa kosavomerezeka ku kuwonetsa mobwerezabwereza-njira mu anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi mphumu.
Nthano yokhudzana ndi matenda a IIA kapena a dose otsika a RADS ali mu njira yomwe akufunira. Funsoli lidalibe ngati zingathe kuwonongeka mwachindunji kwa maselo kuwonetseredwa kwa msinkhu wautali, popanda chiwonongeko.
Pulogalamu ya akatswiri a ku UK, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 2006, idatenga mawu akuti "chifuwa chachikulu cha mphumu" m'malo mwa RADS, ndipo pamene adanena kuti "mphumu yochepa ya mphumu" m'malo mwa mlingo wochepa wa DADS kusagwirizana ngati bungwe ili lilipo.
Kutupa Chifukwa cha Kutentha kwa Airway
Anthu akakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zopweteketsa mtima, zimakhala zowonongeka. Kuwonongeka kuli kofanana ndi kutentha, ndi kutayika kwa maselo apamwamba ndi madera ang'onoang'ono a magazi ndi kutupa pansipa.
Poyerekezera, zotsatira zake zimakhala zosiyana chifukwa zimakhudza chitetezo cha mthupi. Mlengalenga wa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a mapapu osapitirira chifukwa cha RADS adzawomba ndi kuwonetsa ndalama zowonjezereka, ndipo zida zowonongeka zimakhala zovuta kwambiri.
Kuzindikira ndi Chithandizo
Pali njira zitatu zowonetsera RADS ndi IIA
- Kupweteka kwapansi pa kutuluka kwa mpweya, kukhwima, ndi mpweya wochepa umene umapezeka pambuyo poyang'ana ndi chokhumudwitsa (monga chlorine, oyeretsa kapena utsi). Mu RADS, izi zimachitika patangotha kutuluka kwakukulu; ku IIA, izi zimachitika pambuyo pa zochepa, zochitika zambiri.
- Palibe mbiri ya madandaulo apamtima oyambirira.
- Zizindikiro zimapitirirabe kuonekera koyamba.
Ndili ndi RADS, anthu ambiri amamveketsa kupweteka kwapakhosi pamphuno ndi mmero panthawi ya kutuluka, ndi zizindikiro za pamsewu nthawi yomweyo kapena mkati mwa maola angapo.
Munthu wina atakhala kale ndi chidziwitso chapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo palibe mbiri yakale ya madandaulo a m'mapapo, zizindikiro zimakhala zosavuta kuti ziwonongeke. Komabe, munthu atakhala ndi nthawi yayitali kapena yowonjezera, zimakhala zovuta kutsimikizira kuti zizindikirozi zinali chifukwa chowopsya.
Ngati dokotala akukayikira RADS kapena IIA, adzachita mbiri yake yonse komanso mayeso ake. Dokotala akhoza kuitanitsa mayesero a pulmonary ntchito kuti adziwe momwe mapapo amathandizira kapena ngati.
Kawirikawiri, munthu amene ali ndi RADS angasonyeze kuchepa kwa zizindikiro pambuyo pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena a mphumu (bronchodilator monga albuterol) kuposa anthu omwe ali ndi mphumu.
Kutangotha kanthawi kochepa, mankhwala opatsirana amlomo amalembedwa kuchepetsa kutupa pamsewu. Steroid yosakanizidwa imaperekedwa ngati zizindikiro zikupitirirabe.
Kodi Ndizochuluka Kwambiri?
Sizidziwikiratu kuti nthawi zambiri kupweteka kwa mankhwalawa kumayambitsa RADS ndi IIA. Maphunziro a antchito omwe amagwira nawo mankhwala akuluakulu, monga chlorine, acetic acid kapena mpweya wa mpiru-asonyeza kuti 11% mpaka 57% mwa anthu omwe anawonekerawo anayamba RADS. Mu kafukufuku wina wa ozimitsa moto omwe adasokonezeka ku World Trade Center pa September 11, 16% anapezeka ndi RADS 1 chaka patatha. Phunziro lina la ogwira ntchito onse omwe ali ndi asthma pantchito m'maboma anayi adapeza kuti RADS imayimira 14% mwazochitika zonse zolembedwa pa ntchito ya asthma.
Ntchito zambiri zimapangitsa anthu kukhala pangozi yaikulu chifukwa chokhala ndi mavuto omwe angayambitse RADS ndi IIA. Mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti mankhwalawa asokonezeke, kuphatikizapo mavitamini osiyanasiyana, odzola mavitamini, oyeretsa, mafuta a klorini, kutentha kwa dizilo, formaldehyde, sulfure dioxide, ndi isocyanates, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapulasitiki ndi zomatira.
Aliyense amene amagwira ntchito ndi zinthu zoopsa ayenera kudziwa za ngozi. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) amavomereza kuti olemba ntchito ayenera kukhala ndi njira zotetezera zomwe zimaphatikizapo zipangizo zoteteza, maphunziro, ndi malangizo pa zomwe angachite ngati pali ngozi. Ngati mukuganiza kuti abwana anu sakugwirizana ndi malamulowa, funsani maofesi anu a OSHA.
Pambuyo pa zotsatira zachipatala zomwe zingasokoneze ntchito zowonongeka, pangakhale zotsatira zachuma ndi zachuma za RADS ndi IIA komanso. Madokotala ndi ochita kafukufuku akupitirizabe kufunafuna njira zenizeni zodziwira zinthu izi chifukwa cha ntchito zamalonda ndi zalamulo zomwe zingawapatse odwala omwe akukhudzidwa nawo. Kwa anthu amene amadzivulaza ndi kuvulazidwa kuntchito, kudziwa bwino ndi kofunikira kuti mupeze malipiro ndi zopindulitsa.
Zomwe zasinthidwa ndi Naveed Saleh, MD, MS, pa 2/11/2016.
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