The ABCs of Flu Viruses
Ngakhale kuti ndi matenda wamba, pali chisokonezo chochuluka chokhudza nkhuku ndi zomwe siziri. Kodi mukudziwa kuti pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chimfine? Ngakhale pankhani ya chimfine, pali mitundu itatu yosiyana - ziwiri zomwe zimayambitsa matenda aakulu mwa anthu. Phunzirani za mitundu yonse ya matenda a chimfine, momwe iwo amawerengedwera ndi zomwe akutanthauza kwa inu.
Fluji yam'nyengo
Chifuwa cha nyengo ndi mtundu wa chimfine chimene chimayambitsa matenda kwa miyezi ingapo chabe pachaka. Nyengo yamatenda imasiyanasiyana malinga ndi kumene muli m'dzikoli. Ku United States, nthawi zambiri imagwa pakati pa October ndi April. Pali mitundu itatu ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amachititsa kuti chimfine chikhale nyengo: A, B, ndi C.
Fluenza A
Mtundu wa fuluwenza A nthawi zambiri imayambitsa matenda ambiri a chimfine. Amapezeka mwa anthu ndi nyama. Fluenza A imafalitsidwa kuchokera kwa munthu ndi munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Kukhudza zinthu zomwe munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka wagwira (zitseko zazing'ono, mapepala, mafoni) kapenanso kukhala m'chipinda chomwe munthuyo, makamaka ngati akutsokomola kapena akukupiza, ndi okwanira kuti adziwe kuti ali ndi kachilomboka. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chimfine A yomwe imasankhidwa kukhala subtypes - H ndi N - komanso ngakhale m'magawo osiyanasiyana.
Zowonjezera za H & N
H ndi N subtypes ya fuluwenza A zimayambira pa mapuloteni omwe ali ndi kachilomboka.
Pali mitundu 16 ya mapuloteni a hemagglutinin (H) ndi mitundu 9 yosiyanasiyana ya mapuloteni a neuraminidase (N). Momwemonso maina monga "H1N1" kapena "H3N2" amapezeka.
Komabe, nthenda ya nthenda ya H1N1 ndi yosiyana chifukwa idapangidwa kuchokera ku kuphatikiza kwa anthu, nkhumba, ndi mavairasi a mbalame.
Ngakhale kuti ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a chiwindi, ndiko kusintha kwa thupi kotero kuti sikumayenderana ndi nkhuku A yomwe imayambitsa matenda a chimfine.
Fluenza B
Mtundu wa chimfine B ndi mtundu wina wa chimfine chimene chimayambitsa matenda a nyengo. Amapezeka kokha mwa anthu. Fluenza B ikhoza kukhala yoopsa, koma imakhala yochepa kwambiri kuposa fuluwenza A. Sichimayambitsa matenda. Fluenza B ndi yochepa kwambiri kuposa fuluwenza A, koma ikhoza kukhala yoopsa. Pali mitundu yosiyana ya fuluwenza B, koma siimayimilira.
Fluenza C
Gwiritsani ntchito mtundu wa chimfine C, womwe umakhudza anthu okha, ndi wovuta kwambiri kuposa mitundu A ndi B. Iwo amachititsa kuti thupi liziyenda bwino ndipo sizidziwika kuti zakhala zikuyambitsa matenda a chimfine. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi chiwindi C amadziwa kuti ali ndi matenda ena a chiwindi chifukwa zizindikiro zimakhala zofanana ndi za chimfine.
Mliri wa Flu
Vuto lililonse la chimfine lingathe kukhala nthenda ya chimfine , pomwe pakhala kuphulika kwakukulu kwa matenda padziko lonse lapansi mu nthawi yochepa chabe. M'mbuyomu, matenda ena a chimfine adayambitsa matenda aakulu ndipo adapha mamiliyoni ambiri a anthu, monga mliri wa mliri wa 1918 . Zina sizing'ono kwambiri.
H1N1 - Nkhumba Zamkuku
Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2009 , kachilombo ka HIV kamene kanapezeka ku Mexico: H1N1, kapena matenda a nkhumba .
Mwadzidzidzi unafalikira ku North America, United States ndi padziko lonse. H1N1 ndi kuphatikiza kwa anthu, nkhumba ndi chimfine cha mbalame. Iyo inakhala nthenda yoyamba ya chimfine yomwe dziko lapansi ladawona muzaka zoposa 40.
H5N1 - Mbalame Flu
H5N1 ndi matenda a chimfine otchedwa mbalame kapena chimfine cha avian. Kawirikawiri imafalitsidwa pakati pa mbalame, koma imatha kudutsa kuchokera ku mbalame kupita kwa munthu. Silikufalikira kwa munthu aliyense. Iyo ikakhudza anthu, chimfine cha mbalame chimakhala ndi matenda aakulu kwambiri, kulephera kwa magulu ambiri, ndi kuchuluka kwa imfa. Ndipotu, chimfine cha mbalame chapha anthu oposa theka la anthu odwala matendawa.
Ngakhale kuti chiopsezo chanu chotenga matenda a mbalame ndi otsika kwambiri, pali mantha ena ozungulira H5N1. Ngati vutoli limasintha n'kuyamba kukhala ndi kachilombo kofala mosavuta munthu aliyense, zingayambitse matenda aakulu a chimfine.
Zimene Flu Sili
Ngakhale anthu ambiri amati ali ndi chimfine ngati ali ndi zizindikiro monga kusanza ndi kutsekula m'mimba, izi zimayambitsidwa ndi gastroenteritis. Kawirikawiri amatchedwa "chifuwa cha m'mimba", gastroenteritis sichiyambitsidwa ndi chimfine ndipo sichigwirizana ndi chimfine konse. Fluenza ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda. Ngakhale kuti zingayambitse kusanza ndi kutsekula m'mimba mwa anthu ena, zizindikirozi zimafala kwambiri kwa ana.
Zotsatira:
Mitundu ya Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Fluji yam'nyengo 26 Aug 09. Zomwe Zimayambitsa Kuletsa ndi Kupewa Matenda. 28 Mar 10.